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WorksheetsU.S. History 3rd 9 Weeks Pretest
Total questions: 128
Worksheet time: 2hrs 11mins
In which decade would these newspaper headlines have been published?
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
Which decade in U.S. history was most characterized by a resurgence of political conservatism?
1930s
1960s
1980s
1990s
Which political characteristic of the United States during the 1970s and 1980s best describes the time period?
Upheaval and protest
A resurgence of conservatism
Emergence of new political parties
The rise of powerful state governments
How did President Nixon reduce tensions between the United States and communist governments?
He normalized relations with Cuba and provided economic aid to China.
He re-established diplomacy with China and negotiated arms reductions with the Soviet Union.
He withdrew American troops from Angola and hosted negotiations with North Korea and China.
He relaxed the military stance of the United States and unilaterally reduced the nuclear weapons stockpile.
Which event best completes the graphic?
Sputnik is launched
The Space Race begins
Cold War tensions decline
Russia develops hydrogen bomb
Reduce government spending
Reduce income taxes and capital gains taxes
Reduce government regulations
Reduce inflation by controlling the money supply
The characteristics listed in the box describe the economic policy of —
perestroika
monetarism
Reaganomics
Keynesianism
What has been the U.S. foreign policy approach to Israel?
Hostile diplomatic relations and an embargo of trade
Strong political support and billions of dollars in economic aid
Frequent disagreements regarding limited democratic practices and overreaching economic controls
A steady reduction in economic support as Israel establishes institutions needed for an independent nation
How did President Carter respond to the Iranian hostage crisis of 1979-1981?
Immediate economic sanctions and a military rescue of the hostages
A military intervention to topple the Iranian revolutionary government
Immediate economic sanctions, a failed military rescue, and negotiations for the release of the hostages
Condemnation at the United Nations and a secret transfer of military equipment in exchange for the hostages
Why did the transition of Iran to an Islamic theocracy in 1979 result in a suspension of diplomatic relations with the United States?
Iran held American embassy officials hostage during the transition.
Iran seized American businesses and property without compensation.
The United States refused to provide any further financial or medical aid.
The United States attempted an invasion to re-establish the Iranian monarchy.
Which 1980s conservative political organization was founded by the Southern Baptist pastor Jerry Falwell and advocated social policies that reflected the point of view of evangelical Christians?
The Moral Majority
The John Birch Society
The Heritage Foundation
The National Rifle Association
First Lady Nancy Reagan headed a national campaign in the 1980s to address the social concern of —
illegal drug use
women in college sports
racial discrimination in the workplace
income differences between men and women
Which disease that emerged in the 1980s led to a worldwide epidemic and one of the largest health concerns in regard to investigating its prevention and a possible cure?
Smallpox
West Nile virus
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
In the 1970s changes in demographic patterns in the United States came about when people migrated from —
overpopulated cities to mountainous and rural states.
industrial centers in the Midwest to cities in South.
flood-prone coastal regions to interior plains states.
hotter states in the South to cooler states in the Northwest.
Each Federal agency shall, in consultation with and with the assistance of the Secretary, insure that any action authorized, funded, or carried out by such agency is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of habitat of such species which is determined by the Secretary, . . . In fulfilling the requirements of this paragraph each agency shall use the best scientific and commercial data available.
—Endangered Species Act of 1973, Public Law 93-205 Section 7.2
How did the Endangered Species Act affect decision-making in the U.S. government?
U.S. government agencies cannot commit to any actions that may harm the environment.
U.S. government agencies must seek presidential approval for any expansion of federal sites and buildings.
U.S. government agencies must fund scientific research into improving sustainability of endangered species.
U.S. government agencies must consider how any actions may threaten environments of endangered species.
Which reason best explains the initial spike in 1973?
The exhaustion of oil supplies from the Gulf of Mexico
An embargo of oil shipments to the United States by OPEC
A suspension of all trade to the United States by GATT
A loss of access to the Persian Gulf by American tanker ships
The information on the graph supports the claim that public confidence in government declined as a result of —
presidential scandals
contested elections
cold war legislative hearings
increasing threats of terrorism
SEC. 804. (a) IN GENERAL.--In connection with its examination of a financial institution, the appropriate Federal financial supervisory agency shall – (1) assess the institution's record of meeting the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of such institution; . . .
—Community Reinvestment Act, 1977
Why did Congress implement this legislation?
To limit loans to unqualified borrowers
To reduce discriminatory practices of banks
To increase community revenues for taxation
To expand employment opportunities for the impoverished
Which widely-respected Christian evangelical preacher has served often as a religious counselor to American presidents since the Truman administration?
Jim Bakker
Billy Graham
Pat Robertson
Rick Warren
Which person was the first woman appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court?
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Elena Kagan
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sonia Sotomayor
The act of collecting, processing, and storing information was greatly improved in the 1980s due to —
expanded use of desktop computing
growth in mobile telephone technology
creation of a trans-Atlantic telephone cable
formation of a system of government archives
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
This excerpt is from Richard Nixon’s national address in 1971.
The announcement I shall now read is being issued simultaneously in Peking, and in the United States:
. . . [the leader of China] has extended an invitation to President Nixon to visit China at an appropriate date before May 1972. President Nixon has accepted the invitation with pleasure.
The meeting between the leaders of China and the United States is to seek the normalization of relations between the two countries and also to exchange views on questions of concern to the two sides. . . .
In anticipation of the inevitable speculation which will follow this announcement, I want to put our policy in the clearest possible context.
Our action in seeking a new relationship with the People’s Republic of China will not be at the expense of our old friends. It is not directed against any other nation. We seek friendly relations with all nations. Any nation can be our friend without being any other nation’s enemy. I have taken this action because of my profound conviction that all nations will gain from a reduction of tensions and a better relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China.
It is in this spirit that I will undertake what I deeply hope will become a journey for peace, peace not just for our generation but for future generations on this earth we share together.
—Richard M. Nixon, “Remarks by President Nixon to the Nation,” July 15, 1971
PART A
Which aspect of President Nixon’s leadership is most exemplified in the excerpted address?
Polarization
Diplomacy
Compromise
Partisanship
PART B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?
“It is in this spirit that I will undertake what I deeply hope will become a journey for peace,”
“[the leader of China] has extended an invitation to President Nixon to visit China at an appropriate date before May 1972.”
“The meeting between the leaders of China and the United States is to seek the normalization of relations between the two countries and also to exchange views on questions of concern to the two sides. . . .”
”In anticipation of the inevitable speculation which will follow this announcement, I want to put our policy in the clearest possible context.”
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below.
The policies of the Ronald Reagan’s administration (1981–1989) exemplified the Republican values of the times. Select TWO of President Reagan’s international and domestic policies that supported conservative values from the list below and explain the goals of these policies.
Reaganomics
Peace through Strength
Strategic Defense Initiative
Deregulation
Think about the question carefully. Then enter your answer in the box provided.
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
It is the responsibility of the president of the United States, in working for peace, to insure that the safety of our people cannot successfully be threatened by a hostile foreign power. As president, fulfilling that responsibility will be my number one priority.
We are not a warlike people. Quite the opposite. We always seek to live in peace. We resort to force infrequently and with great reluctance—and only after we have determined that it is absolutely necessary. We are awed—and rightly so—by the forces of destruction at loose in the world in this nuclear era. But neither can we be naive or foolish. Four times in my lifetime America has gone to war, bleeding the lives of its young men into the sands of beachheads, the fields of Europe and the jungles and rice paddies of Asia. We know only too well that war comes not when the forces of freedom are strong, but when they are weak. It is then that tyrants are tempted.
We simply cannot learn these lessons the hard way again without risking our destruction…
Of all the objectives we seek, first and foremost is the establishment of lasting world peace. We must always stand ready to negotiate in good faith, ready to pursue any reasonable avenue that holds forth the promise of lessening tensions and furthering the prospects of peace. But let our friends and those who may wish us ill take note: the United States has an obligation to its citizens and to the people of the world never to let those who would destroy freedom dictate the future course of human life on this planet.
—Ronald Reagan, Acceptance Speech Republican Convention, July 17, 1980
PART A
According to the excerpt, what did Ronald Reagan believe about the international role of the United States?
The United States should use nuclear weapons to destroy the enemies that threaten democracy in the world.
The United States should expand its military to invade and occupy countries that threaten American democracy.
The United States should build a strong military as a preventative measure against military aggression by other countries.
The United States should maintain a policy of isolationism in order to stay neutral and peaceful in international conflicts.
PART B
Which statement best explains Reagan’s justification for the answer to Part A?
“…We are not a warlike people. Quite the opposite. We always seek to live in peace.”
“…We are awed—and rightly so—by the forces of destruction at loose in the world in this nuclear era..."
“Four times in my lifetime America has gone to war, bleeding the lives of its young men into the sands of beachheads, the fields of Europe and the jungles and rice paddies of Asia.”
“...We know only too well that war comes not when the forces of freedom are strong, but when they are weak. It is then that tyrants are tempted…”
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below.
Which events represent the effects of the Iran Contra Affair for the United States?
Select TWO correct answers.
Hundreds of United States Marines died in an invasion of Nicaragua.
Many American citizens questioned their trust in the federal government.
The federal deficit increased dramatically following tax cuts.
Several government officials were convicted for lying to Congress and sent to prison.
Several government officials were convicted for lying to Congress and sent to prison.
Match the Place the events of the Iran Hostage Crisis in the correct order on the timeline.
Move the answers to the correct boxes.
Timeline of events during the Iranian Hostage Crisis
The United States allowed the Shah of Iran to enter the United States for cancer treatment after he was overthrown in a revolution
October 22nd, 1979
A coup d’etat, supported by the United States and Great Britain, overthrew the democratically elected prime minister and installed the Shah Mohammad Reza as ruler of Iran.
August 19th, 1953
The United States negotiated for the release of the hostages but continued to impose sanctions on Iran.
January 19th ,1981
The United States embassy was captured by Iranian students who took U.S. embassy workers hostage.
November 4th, 1979
This is a letter from Jerry Falwell, a pastor and activist, to his supporters.
Dear Friend,
Is it time to reactivate the Moral Majority? . . . I am writing today because I am deeply concerned. Has America lost its vision of being . . . ONE NATION UNDER GOD? . . . Consider what American society has become today: . . . Drugs and alcohol are destroying youths. . . . Divorce is tearing our families apart. . . . Television spews out blasphemy and immorality and is unfit for Christian families.
—Jerry Falwell, 1993
Select ONE correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.
The excerpt represents a resurgence of (a) groups in the 1980s and 1990s.
These groups argued that (a) wealthy Americans had a duty to help others traditional American values were in decline government should remain separate from religion.
How did the Heritage Foundation assist the conservative resurgence in the 1980s?
Select TWO correct answers
Proposed laws to increase the minimum wage
Advocated for reductions in corporate and income tax rates
Advocated for more government welfare programs to help low-income families
Supported increased defense spending to oppose the spread of communism in other nations
Supported limits being placed on the ownership of guns to protect individuals from gun violence
In the 1970s, there was substantial migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt.
What was one cause AND one effect of this migration?
Think about the question carefully. Then, enter your answer in the box provided.
Which region saw a decline in population with the loss of industrial jobs in the second half of the twentieth century?
Select the correct answer.
Which of the following actions were taken by the U.S. government during the 1970s in response to the events shown in these images?
Select TWO correct answers.
President Nixon established new leadership at the Centers for Disease Control.
President Nixon signed a law allowing for the creation of the Environmental Protection
Agency.
Congress funded scientific research on technology to reduce the environmental impact of
oil spills.
Congress placed a new tax on U.S. corporations to fund environmental protection
programs.
Congress passed the Endangered Species Act to protect wildlife threatened by
extinction.
In 1973, an oil embargo by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) banned petroleum exports to targeted nations and introduced cuts in oil production.
Why did the embargo occur AND what was one effect of the embargo on the U.S. economy?
Think about the question carefully. Then enter your answer in the box provided
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
In all the decisions I have made in my public life, I have always tried to do what was best for the Nation. Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me.
In the past few days, however, it has become evident to me that I no longer have a strong enough political base in the Congress to justify continuing that effort...
But with the disappearance of that base, I now believe that the constitutional purpose has been served, and there is no longer a need for the process to be prolonged…
From the discussions I have had with Congressional and other leaders, I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter, I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the Nation would require.
I have never been a quitter. To leave office before my term is completed is abhorrent to every instinct in my body. But as President, I must put the interests of America first. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress, particularly at this time with problems we face at home and abroad…
Therefore, I shall resign the Presidency effective at noon tomorrow. Vice President Ford will be sworn in as President at that hour in this office…
—Richard M. Nixon, Resignation Speech, August 8, 1974
PART A
Based on this excerpt, what was the impact of the Watergate Scandal on the U.S. government?
The Watergate Scandal challenged the ability of the government to run effectively because people had lost trust and confidence in the president.
The Watergate Scandal showed that the Supreme Court was unable to preserve its independence and was forced to follow the lead of the president in matters of law.
The Watergate Scandal showed that the president would not be required to follow the same laws as other citizens and could not be charged with committing a crime.
The Watergate Scandal challenged the process of electing the president of the United States using the Electoral College.
PART B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?
“In all the decisions I have made in my public life, I have always tried to do what was best for the Nation.”
“Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate, I have felt it was my duty to persevere, to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me.”
“I might not have the support of Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the Nation would require.”
“I have never been a quitter. To leave office before my term is completed is abhorrent to every instinct in my body.”
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below.
The Red Scare of the 1920s and McCarthyism of the 1950s are similar in that both —
reflected the heightened prosperity of the time periods
advocated for restrictions on newly arriving immigrants
developed in reaction to fears of the spread of communism
employed legislative hearings to investigate spying suspects
A defining event of the 1960s in the United States was —
the Korean War
the Vietnam War
the launch of Sputnik
the resignation of Richard Nixon
A characteristic of American society in the fifteen years following the Second World War was —
rivalry with the Soviet Union and fear of communist infiltration
social and economic reforms aimed to create jobs in urban areas
government planning and regulation to improve economic conditions
racial tensions that led to the assassination of prominent civil rights leaders
Which year did the United States land an astronaut on the surface of the Moon?
1963
1965
1967
1969
Which 1957 event initiated the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union?
The Soviet Union placed rockets in Cuba
The Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik 1.
President Kennedy announced U.S. plans to land on the Moon.
U.S. test pilot Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in the X-1.
Which U.S. response to Soviet aggression is reflected in the political cartoon?
Congress placed economic sanctions on Cuba to remove Soviet missiles
President Kennedy forced the Soviet Union to remove missiles from Cuba.
The U.S. Secretary of State petitioned the United Nations to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba.
The U.S. Central Intelligence agency coordinated an invasion of Cuba to remove Soviet missiles.
A chief reason for U.S. membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is —
to establish a representative body of democratic nations
to maintain a collective security agreement in the case of an attack
to encourage improvements in foreign education and health systems
to apply international law to cases of genocide and human rights abuses
How did the United States act to reduce the influence of communism and improve the economic strength of free market nations in Europe after the Second World War?
NASA enacted a space program to protect European nations from Soviet attack.
The Berlin Airlift brought food, fuel, and money to democratic nations across Europe.
The Marshall Plan extended financial aid to friendly European nations rebuilding after the destruction of the war.
The Roosevelt Corollary proclaimed the United States the chief protector of democracy and guaranteed American protection of European democratic nations.
Why did the United States conduct the Berlin Airlift?
To transport supplies to a blockaded West Berlin
To evacuate wounded soldiers from East Berlin
To send East German refugees to other countries
To provide supplies to all of West Germany
Which military alliance of North American and Western European nations pledged in 1949 that all member nations would come to the aid of any member attacked by an outside enemy?
Warsaw Pact
Marshall Plan
United Nations
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Which action was a direct response of the United States to growing communist threats in Greece and Turkey in the years following the Second World War?
Implementing the Marshall Plan
Proclaiming the Truman Doctrine
Establishing the NATO military alliance
Creating the United Nations
Which action of Joseph McCarthy contributed to increased Cold War anxieties?
He abused his power by helping Castro in Cuba.
He was a strong advocate of increased military spending.
He led a Congressional committee investigating suspected communists.
during the Korean War. He angered Chinese communists for refusing to follow Truman's orders
Which objective of American foreign policy in 1951 led to a United Nations military intervention in the Korean peninsula?
Limit the spread of communism
Promote democratic ideals in Asia
Liberate American prisoners of war
Economically develop other nations
In what way did Truman’s decision to enter the Korean War reflect his commitment to a containment policy?
Truman desired to limit the spread of infectious diseases across East Asia.
Truman feared any expansion of communist influence on the Korean peninsula.
Truman hoped a victory over North Korea would serve to warn other aggressive nations.
Truman suspected the Soviet Union of signing secret alliances with North and South Korea.
Over this war–and all Asia–is another reality: the deepening shadow of Communist China. The rulers in Hanoi are urged on by Peking. This is a regime which has destroyed freedom in Tibet, which has attacked India and has been condemned by the United Nations for aggression in Korea. It is a nation which is helping the forces of violence in almost every continent. The contest in Vietnam is part of a wider pattern of aggressive purpose.—President Lyndon B. Johnson, address to Johns Hopkins University, April 1965
According to President Johnson, why was U.S. military involvement in Vietnam justified?
Domino Theory
Monroe Doctrine
Eisenhower Doctrine
"Big Stick" Diplomacy
The event described in the excerpt marked the end of the Vietnam War, and directly led to the —
successful election of Gerald Ford
capture of many American diplomats
communist takeover of South Vietnam
passage of the Twenty-sixth Amendment
WASHINGTON, Feb. 13 — The time has come to call a spade a bloody shovel. This country is in an undeclared and unexplained war in Vietnam. Our masters have a lot of long and fancy names for it, like escalation and retaliation, but it is war just the same. —James Reston, “Washington: The Undeclared and Unexplained War”, New York Times, 1965
How is the author's point of view an example of public reaction to the policies of the Johnson administration?
He states objections to sending additional troops to South Vietnam.
He voices concern for the lack of an official declaration of war in Vietnam.
He expresses skepticism about government reports about the war in Vietnam.
He declares support for expansion of military involvement in the Vietnam War.
What is one way President Nixon changed the U.S. military strategy in Vietnam?
He transferred greater responsibility for the war effort to South Vietnamese troops.
He authorized the deployment of increasing numbers of American troops in Vietnam.
He refocused the war effort on winning the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people.
He negotiated the division of American controlled territory into North and South Vietnam.
What event is described above?
Tet Offensive
Domino theory
Geneva Convention
Gulf of Tonkin incident
According to President Nixon, what is the viewpoint of the majority of Americans regarding U.S. military intervention in Vietnam?
They wanted the protestors to stop opposing the war.
They supported the president’s policies in regards to the war.
They opposed the war and showed their opposition by protesting.
They voted for candidates who supported a continued intervention.
Which factor contributed to the changing attitudes of the American public about U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?
Reelection of Lyndon Johnson
Passage of the War Powers Act
Graphic coverage by television news
Propaganda films by antiwar protestors
The movement of people out of American urban areas after the Second World War led to —
more jobs being created, decreased traffic, and more businesses in urban areas
more individualized homes being built, the growth of the suburbs, and more jobs being created
renovation of urban areas, growth of the suburbs, and the loss of green spaces bordering the cities
suburban sprawl, increased traffic, and a decrease of green spaces bordering the cities
Which U.S. government action provided funding for veterans of the Second World War in order to create a better educated and more productive workforce?
Passage of the G.I. Bill
Establishment of the Peace Corps
Passage of the National Defense Education Act
Establishment of the Department of Veterans Affairs
How did the end of the Second World War influence the pattern of population growth in the United States?
The movement of women to the workforce reduced birth rates.
The sudden influx of returning soldiers caused a boom in birth rates.
The high casualty rate from the war contributed to reduced birth rates.
The renewed availability of rationed foods increased individual life spans.
Expanded businesses and employment
Growth of high tech industries
New research and development
Which of the following is the best title for the information in the box?
Causes of Space Exploration
Results of Protectionist Policies
Effects of Great Society Programs
Impacts of Cold War Defense Spending
Increased defense spending for the Cold War helped to shift American educational priorities to a concentration on —
civics
social skills
math and science
physical education
Why have presidents since 1973 disagreed with the requirements of the War Powers Act passed by Congress?
They have considered it an attempt to embarrass the president politically..
They do not consider the requirements are necessary unless Congress has declared war
They have considered it unfair for Congress to control the financing of military operations.
They have considered it unconstitutional since it restricts the presidential power to send troops into combat.
How did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964 affect the powers of the president?
It forced the President to seek congressional approval on all war efforts.
It allowed the President to form a special department to deal with war efforts.
It required the President to seek the participation of other nations before going to war.
It provided the President congressional support for conducting acts of war if necessary.
How did the Supreme Court decision in Tinker v. Des Moines affect schools in the United States?
It allowed dress code requirements for students.
It protected the rights of free expression for students.
It required colleges to not consider race a factor for admission.
It permitted school administrators to conduct searches of students
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Which of the following led to passage of this constitutional amendment?
Activists on college campuses protested because young men who could not vote were drafted
Anti-war protestors were concerned that men who had served in the war were not allowed to protest.
Political leaders needed to lower the voting age, because only men who could vote were eligible for the draft.
Business leaders lobbied for creating the law, because they needed to hire people who were registered to vote.
Americans aged 18 to 21 successfully achieved recognition of new political rights in 1971 by —
lobbying for civil rights legislation
advocating for an equal rights amendment
campaigning to amend the U.S. Constitution
protesting against U.S. involvement in Vietnam
I was a soldier from Texas.
I saved the lives of several fellow soldiers during the Vietnam War.
I received the Congressional Medal of Honor.
Who is described by the information in the box?
Army First Lieutenant Vernon Baker
Army Master Sergeant Raul "Roy" Perez Benavidez
Army First Lieutenant Audie Murphy
Army Corporal Alvin York
Which social issue facing Americans at the time is reflected in the lyrics?
There was a large segment of the American public against the Vietnam War.
The American public was frustrated other nations were not acting to defend democracy.
There were many Americans that desired equal opportunities for all people regardless of race or gender.
Many Americans were concerned the American president lacked the power needed to win the Vietnam War.
The issues described in the list reflect the influence of —
Beat Generation ideas on different American art forms
anti-war attitudes towards Vietnam on different media
anti-communist sentiment on American music and writing
Harlem Renaissance artists and writers on American culture
Rachel Carson’s 1962 book, The Silent Spring, detailed the environmental effects of pesticides and led to a ban on some pesticides for agriculture use.
How does this literary work reflect U.S. culture in the 1960s?
It illustrates the frustration of the middle class with the Beat Generation of the 1960s.
It exemplifies a genre of nonfiction created to protest the Vietnam War during the 1960s.
It demonstrates the growing distrust of political leaders that developed during the 1960s.
It provides an example of how individuals and groups brought social change in the 1960s.
What is Kerouac's response to Podhoretz's criticism of the Beat Generation?
Kerouac agreed with Podhoretz criticism
The Beat Generation has not been a negative influence on American society.
The Beat Generation has had a negative influence on American culture and youth.
The positive contributions of the Beat Generation have outweighed the negative consequences.
One result of the described art movement was —
increased awareness of Mexican heritage
growth of beautification projects in U.S. cities
expansion of the use of Spanish in urban centers
extended legal protections for Mexican immigrants
Which form of music, popularized in the 1970s and generally associated with the culture of the American South, blends genres of gospel, jazz, blues, and folk?
Disco
Hip Hop
New Wave
Country and Western
Which technological innovation, introduced in the 1960s, facilitated the growth of the television and advertising industries?
Infrared cameras
Electric typewriters
Satellite communications
Global positioning systems
The listed inventions were all created in order to —
aid in the construction of a shipping canal
address specific needs brought about by warfare
improve the care of those injured in the First World War
advance U.S. naval power during the Spanish-American War
The rising trend in the data contributed to —
Jonas Salk researching and developing a vaccine
the establishing of a U.S. disease research center
the creation of a U.S. agency to monitor food and drug safety
Louis Pasteur developing a process to stop bacterial contamination
How has the American space exploration program likely improved the quality of life for those living in the United States?
A tourism industry has developed around space launches.
Space research has resulted in new technologies and innovations.
The space program has increased the demand for American scientists and engineers.
Raw materials retrieved from space are used to make high-tech products like flat-panel screens.
Why was the year 1957 a significant turning point in U.S. history?
Select TWO correct answers.
The Marshall Plan was implemented.
The Berlin Blockade ended.
The U.S. Armed Forces were desegregated.
The U.S.- Soviet space race began.
The Sputnik satellite was launched.
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
This is an excerpt from a speech made by Harry Truman to a joint session of Congress in 1947.
To ensure the peaceful development of nations, free from coercion, the United States has taken a leading part in establishing the United Nations. The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and independence for all its members.
We shall not realize our objectives, however, unless we are willing to help free peoples to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements that seek to impose upon them totalitarian regimes. This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples… undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States. . . . One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.
I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.
—President Harry Truman, a speech to a joint session of Congress, March 12, 1947
Part A
Based on the excerpt, what argument does Truman make about how to contain the spread of communism?
The United States must provide support to nations in need.
The United States should train foreign military personnel.
The United States needs to increase investment in its military readiness.
The United States has an important leadership role in the United Nations.
Part B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?
“This is no more than a frank recognition that totalitarian regimes imposed on free peoples… undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States”
“The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.”
“One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.”
“I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes.”
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below.
(a) The United States created an economic program for European countries to help them rebuild after World War II. Countries in Western Europe adopted democratic policies and allied with the United States.
U.S. leaders were dedicated to protecting democracy in Turkey and Greece. (a) The United States became dedicated to containment efforts.
Soviet leaders worked to eliminate U.S. involvement in Berlin. Canada, Iceland, and nine western European countries joined an alliance with the United States.
(a)
This diagram lists some of the events in the Korean War.
Which events occurred as a result of the United States entering the Korean War?
Select TWO correct answers.
Chinese Revolution
Outcomes of U.S. involvement: Communist forces won the civil war, creating the largest communist country in the world.
Events leading to U.S. involvement: (a)
Determine how each of these technologies or industries led to an innovation that is used today.
Select ONE correct answer in each row.
The 1950s were a time of increased prosperity for many Americans.
Explain TWO causes for this increased prosperity.
Think about the question carefully. Then enter your answer in the box provided.
The Civil Rights Era in U.S. History is most characterized by social changes brought about by —
groups involved in violent riots and protests in American cities
the efforts of leaders advocating non-violent civil disobedience
the cooperation among the labor unions to pass new legislation
a series of presidential initiatives aimed at ending racial segregation
Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in which year?
1966
1967
1968
1969
Which event best completes the timeline?
Non-violent Freedom Riders attacked
Plessy v. Ferguson separate but equal doctrine established
First U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Sandra Day O’Connor appointed
President Truman ordered the desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces
In what way did the reported event most directly impact the civil rights movement during the 1950s?
Malcolm X used the incident to recruit African Americans to lead sit-ins at restaurants.
Martin Luther King’s response to the incident elevated him to spokesmen for the movement.
Thurgood Marshall’s work on the case resulted in the Brown v. Board of Education court case.
Caesar Chavez was so inspired by the event that he began to organize a nationwide bus boycott.
Which amendment extended the right to vote to women?
Fourteenth Amendment
Sixteenth Amendment
Seventeenth Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Which event marked the beginning of the modern civil rights movement in the United States?
Freedom Rides
March on Washington
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Ratification of the Twenty-fourth Amendment
The Southern Poverty Law Center, formally incorporated in 1971 and still in existence today, was established with the intention to —
fight for the passage of an Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
ensure that the gains made in the civil rights movement were not taken away
create a place to keep the legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr. alive for future generations
promote the education of African Americans in law schools throughout the United States
Which civil rights leader spoke at the 1963 March on Washington and won the Nobel Prize for Peace?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Thurgood Marshall
Malcolm X
Stokely Carmichael
César Chávez championed the economic rights of which group?
Miners
BFarmer
Ranchers
Migrant workers
Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique influence the women’s rights movement of the 1960s by —
reviving interest in the women’s rights movement
calling for an end to the women’s rights movement
advocating for a constitutional amendment protecting women’s rights
introducing the idea of women breaking the “glass ceiling” in the job market
While both the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Black Panthers wanted more opportunities and rights to be afforded to minority groups, the Black Panthers argued that —
non-violence was going to take too long to bring about change
African Americans needed to be guaranteed political representation
overthrowing the government was the only way minorities and women would get rights
African American men needed civil rights first and then women could fight for their rights
How did Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech impact the civil rights movement?
It called for violent resistance, resulting in riots across the country.
It inspired many people, giving strength and momentum to the movement.
It was largely ignored by the movement, though regarded as a superbly written speech
It was considered controversial and fragmented the movement into small groups.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 differed from earlier attempts to address minority rights by focusing on —
desegregating the schools
reforming immigration policies
ending discrimination in the workplace
protecting the voting rights of minorities
The Congressional group of senators that attempted to block civil rights reforms in the 1950s and early 1960s were primarily —
southern Democrats
western Progressives
southern Republicans
northern Democrats
Political leaders such as George Wallace, Orval Faubus, and Lester Maddox were committed to the idea of —
women’s rights
racial segregation
school integration
rights for farm workers
One result of the Civil Rights movements has been the —
creation of new forms of legal segregation
elimination of segregation in American society
resurgence of groups advocating violent social change
increased participation of women and minorities in politics
Which social change in the United States came about because of the efforts of men like Jackie Robinson and Ernie Davis?
Sports programs were integrated.
School lunch programs became common.
Vaccinations were given to school children.
Voting rights were given to African American men.
We conclude that in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. —Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1954
Which U.S. Supreme Court case is the subject of the excerpt?
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
Plessy v. Ferguson
Hernandez v. Texas
Brown v. Board of Education
The Great Society programs, affirmative action, and Title IX legislation were intended to —
increase the number of jobs available to veterans
expand economic opportunities for women and minorities
end discrimination towards women and minorities in college athletics
eliminate barriers put in place to stop women and minorities from voting
Based on the information in the excerpt, one consequence of the Great Society legislation has been to —
lower the costs of health care for Americans
increase the cost of health care for Americans
provide more doctors to treat poor Americans
decrease the poverty rate for elderly Americans
Which government action is best known for the impact it had on women’s participation in organized sports at the high school and collegiate levels?
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Civil Rights Act of 1964
National Defense Education Act (1958)
Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act (1972)
As a result of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson, state governments were allowed to —
pass Jim Crow laws
secede from the union
segregate racial groups
enslave African Americans
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section 2.The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
—Twenty-fourth Amendment, U.S. Constitution
The passage of the Twenty-fourth Amendment is an example of amending the U.S. Constitution in order to —
eliminate the suppression of rights by states
grant civil rights to newly arriving immigrants
correct a procedural error in federal elections
expand the power of the federal government
These events are examples of how participation in the democratic process has been expanded by —https://These events are examples of how participation in the democratic procehttps://files5.teksresourcesystem.net/246101007143081028160007019171022168007190013216/Download.ashx?hash=2.2ss has been expanded by —
court decisions
legislative actions
presidential orders
non-violent protest
Which of the following is an example of one way political rights were expanded during the 1960s?
Creation of affirmative action policies
Enactment of the Equal Pay Act of 1963
Passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act
Ratification of the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Which amendment eliminated poll taxes on voters in the United States?
Twenty-second Amendment
Twenty-third Amendment
Twenty-fourth Amendment
Twenty-fifth Amendment
Based on the information in the excerpt, Thurgood Marshall is to be most remembered for —
attacking racial inequality through the legal process
delivering inspiring speeches that motivated Americans
advocating for segregated facilities for African Americas
creating the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Which action was taken by the United Farm Workers in an effort to expand economic opportunities for their members?
Organizing boycotts
Leading violent protests
Seizing land from farmers
Training political candidates
Dolores Huerta’s contributions to America society include —
creating a magazine that promoted women’s rights
advocating for the rights of American farm workers
lobbying the California legislature for a shorter workday
serving as a United Nations Commission on Human Rights representative
Dolores Huerta acted to expand the rights of farm workers by —
lobbying for the first national minimum wage law
co-founding the United Farm Workers Association
suing commercial farms for discriminatory practices
serving as a representative to the California legislature
Which two decades in U.S. history were similarly characterized by heightened social tensions between those who held traditional values and those advocating changes?
1930s and 1950s
1920s and 1960s
1940s and 1950s
1970s and 1990s
The following excerpt is from a letter to the editor published in a newspaper.
Being an American of dark complexion and some 26 years, these questions flash through my mind: “Should I sacrifice my life to live half-American?” “Will things be better in the next generation for the peace to follow?” “Would it be demanding too much to demand full citizenship rights in exchange for the sacrificing of my life?” “Is the kind of America I know worth defending?” “Will America be a true and pure democracy after this war?”
—James G. Thompson, December 1941, The Pittsburgh Courier
Select ONE correct answer in each box to complete each sentence.
As a response to concerns like the one expressed in the excerpt, Harry S. Truman, issued (a) in 1948. This action by Truman (b)
Which selection supports the idea that Executive Order 9981 served as a major catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement?
Select the correct answer from the options below
Complete the sentences by selecting the correct answers from the drop down menus.
The (a) was a major organization in the Chicano rights movement of the 1970s. This group used (b) to promote equal treatment for Latinos.
Determine whether the descriptions apply most to the League of United Latin American Citizens, United Farm Workers, or both.
Select the correct answer in each row.
Complete the sentences by selecting the correct answers from the drop-down menus.
A labor activist and civil rights leader, (a) worked to aid families of migrants. Along with Cesar Chavez, she helped found the (b) .
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
This excerpt is from a letter written by Martin Luther King, Jr. in August 1963.
Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The urge for freedom will eventually come. This is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within him has reminded him of his birthright of freedom; something without has reminded him that he can gain it. . . . Recognizing this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, one should readily understand public demonstrations. The Negro has many pent-up resentments and latent frustrations. He has to get them out. So let him march sometime; let him have his prayer pilgrimages to the city hall; understand why he must have sit-ins and freedom rides. If his repressed emotions do not come out in these nonviolent ways, they will come out in ominous expressions of violence. This is not a threat; it is a fact of history.
—Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail, 1963
Part A
In this excerpt, what point does Martin Luther King, Jr., argue about the civil rights movement?
Opposing peaceful demonstrations will result in hostile methods of resistance.
Violent protests should occur if the rights of minorities are restricted by the government.
Churches will be the force that ends conflict between segregationists and African Americans.
Racial conflict in America will be resolved when a new country is created for African Americans.
Part B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?
“The urge for freedom will eventually come. This is what has happened to the American Negro.”
“Something within him has reminded him of his birthright of freedom.”
“Recognizing this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, one should readily understand public demonstrations.”
“If his repressed emotions do not come out in these nonviolent ways, they will come out in ominous expressions of violence.”
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below. You only type the letter of the correct answers for part A and part B!
Order the events leading to President Lyndon B. Johnson's signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Select the correct answer for each box.
Determine which governmental action addressed each issue related to minority rights in the United States.
Select the correct answer for each box.
This excerpt is from the opinion of the Supreme Court Case Sweatt v. Painter in 1950.
Which phrases from the excerpt explain the arguments that the Supreme Court justices used to decide the case?
Select TWO correct answers from the options below.
Which of the following goals were part of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society program?
Select TWO correct answers.
Alleviate poverty
Eliminate racial injustice
Reform federal government
Facilitate advances in space technology
Promote diplomacy with developing nations
These court cases resulted in landmark Supreme Court decisions.
Match each of the following court cases to its significance.
Select the correct answer for each box.
Upheld segregation and reinforced Jim Crow; asserted that segregation was legal as long as facilities were “separate but equal”
Plessy v. Ferguson
Freed Amish children from mandatory schooling after eighth grade; justified by First Amendment freedom of religion clause
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Extended equal rights to Mexican Americans and other ethnic groups; justified by Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause
Hernendez v. Texas
Asserted that segregation in schools was unconstitutional; led to other legal actions to end segregation in other public facilities
Brown v. Board of Education
Determine whether each protection of minority rights was addressed by the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, Hernandez v. Texas, or Wisconsin v. Yoder.
Select the correct answer in each row.
Determine which statement describes each event from the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
Select the correct answer for each statement.
This question has two parts. First answer Part A, then answer Part B.
The following is an excerpt from a letter written to President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966.
Our greatest concern today is that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC] should be able and willing to fulfill its legal mandate to enforce the prohibitions against discrimination in employment based upon sex, under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In its responsibility to fulfill this mandate, we believe the Commission is hampered by vacancies on its staff, by the absence of women in top positions on the Commission staff, and by reluctance of some of its male members to combat sex discrimination as vigorously as they seek to combat racial discrimination. . . . As part of the Great Society program, your administration is currently engaged in a massive effort to bring underprivileged groups — victims of discrimination because of poverty, race, or lack of education — into the mainstream of America life. However, no comprehensive effort has yet been made to include women in your Great Society program for the underprivileged and excluded. We strongly urge that programs be developed — through coordination with the Office of Economic Opportunity, the Office of Economic Opportunity, the various divisions of the Labor Department, and other federal and state agencies –for the improved education and training of women, so that they may enter more fully into the responsibilities and privileges of twentieth century life.
—National Organization for Woman (N.O.W.), November 11, 1966
Part A
According to this excerpt, which of the following actions did the National Organization for Women (N.O.W.) ask the president to take to expand economic opportunities for women?
Direct organizations within the executive branch to create job training opportunities for women.
Require the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to reduce the number of men on its staff.
Order the Department of Justice to establish minimum criminal penalties for sex discrimination.
Veto legislation that would prevent women from participating in Great Society programs.
Part B
Which statement provides evidence for the answer to Part A?
"the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC] should be able and willing to fulfill its legal mandate to enforce the prohibitions against discrimination in employment based upon sex . . . "
"we believe the Commission is hampered by vacancies on its staff, by the absence of women in top positions on the Commission staff and by reluctance of some of its male members to combat sex discrimination. . . "
"However, no comprehensive effort has yet to be made to include women in your Great Society program for the underprivileged and excluded."
"We strongly urge that programs be developed . . . for the improved education and training of women, so that they may enter more fully into the responsibilities and privileges of twentieth-century life."
Type the answer to Part A and then Part B in the text box below. You only need to type the letter answers to part A and part B.
