Historically farms in the US were highly diversified in both crop and livestock, over time that changed and the livestock industry became more specialized. 

Animals only contribute food to us. 

Agriculture mechanization is huge reason why we are able to increase food production with less resources. 

The U.S. beef industry is not #1 in terms of cattle inventory but is #1 in terms of production. 

Bos taurus (humped cattle) were developed in tropical countries and Bos indicus were developed in more temperature zones.

Animal care is ensuring animal well-being by providing high quality management including nutrition, health, housing, and transportation.

The U.S. goat and sheep industry are a dominate industry producing most of the animal protein consumed. 

Cross breeding and genetically selecting cattle has helped beef producers keep up with demand through the years. 

Most American cattle breeds originated from crossing and combining existing strains of cattle.

Livestock and poultry producers have to meet the demand of the global population

Visual observations is the only way to detect unhealthy animals. 

The boer goat breed is known as the fasting growing meat goat breed in the U.S. 

The U.S. is #1 in terms of pork production. 

There are 8 major breeds of dairy cattle.

Personnel training is important to animal health cause it ensures employees know proper management techniques for animal care. 

Commercial pork producers focus on production traits thus this is where ​majority pork comes from. 

Draft horse breeds are selected for their activity for example competitions such reining, or stock horse events or racing, etc. 

As recreational experiences became more important to people's lifestyle, the horse industry was able to transform itself into an "experience-based" industry.

Draft horse breeds are large and powerful animals that are used for heavy work.  

Quarter horse is easily the most popular.

Correct feet and legs do not huge emphasis, when breeding or choosing to buy a horse. 

Poultry refers to chickens, turkeys and waterfowl, ducks, geese, pigeons, and guinea hens. 

Chickens, turkeys and geese dominate the world poultry industry.

Most dramatic changes in the US poultry industry ​was the introduction​ of integration which later led to vertically integrated companies. 

Broiler lines are superior in efficient, economical meat production and also have a high egg-producing ability.

Some breeds of chickens lay white-shelled eggs and other breeds produce brown-shelled eggs, there are significant nutritional differences related to eggshell color.

Most major animal disease problems are not associated management practices.

The poultry industry has led the meat business in terms of understanding and responding to the demands of consumers for further processed, value-added products. 

Biosecurity is important part of a broiler farm to help ensure proper health and productivity of the birds. 

In broiler production larger houses compared to previously smaller houses are better for environment, bird welfare and just overall care of these animals. 

Producers can sell at animals at live auctions or on contract directly to the processor. 

By-products are anything but the meat. 

Rendering facilities can source from processing plants, butcher shops and more. 

Rendering plants take animal fat and animal protein and turn it into other uses. 

Market classes and grades have been established to segregate animals, carcasses, and products into uniform groups based upon preferences of buyers and sellers.

The Animal Heath and Inspection Service of the USDA inspects the product for wholesomeness and safety, and applies appropriate labels.

Nutrients are chemical substances found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance, production, and health of animals.

Nutrients required are the same by all animals no matter the age, function, use of that animal. 

There are 7 major classes of nutrients. 

Water is the most vital of all nutrients.

Minerals can be broken into two classifications; macro and micro. 

Feedstuff is only a nutritious ingredient, or material, that is fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining them​. 

Farm-flock is large numbers in terms of total head of sheep and is primary source of income for a producer.

Range-flock is small in numbers and usually part of a diversified farm.

The U.S. is relatively small compared to our other meat industries, so we actually import more lamb than we produce domestically. 

China exceeds all other countries in number of pigs and total pork production but U.S. on per head basis is more productive. 

The west coast states dominate in terms of pork production in the U.S. accounting for 70% of the nation's swine. 

Prop 2 and prop 12 are both propositions that have impacted California swine industry. 

Through the years we have seen a greater divide in the swine industry between commercial production and show pigs. 

Symbol is known as the ideal market hog. 

As industry consolidation began in the 1980s, management systems changed and in turn reduced the risk of disease transmission, reduced the risk of whole herd depopulation due to disease outbreaks, and maximized efficiencies.

Animal Agriculture in many ways has played a huge part of civilization throughout history. 

A trend in both the livestock and poultry industry is that in the last 100 years we have become more efficient, using less resources and still producing as much or more. 

Most productive animals are typically in excellent health.

Globally which domesticated livestock species has the most in terms of numbers? 

Which of the following below is not a species from which most of the world meat supply comes from? 

Which of the following describes what a cow-calf operation is? 

Which of the following below do animals contribute to society? 

Besides nutritional reasons, which of the following below is another major reason why human use of animals for food happens?

What is EPD?

Which of the following below is not true regarding beef producers using crossbreeding?

Which of the following describes what a feedlot is? 

We evaluate dairy cows based off: quantity of milk and _____________. 

A_______ is an housing style that consist of resting stalls or beds in which dairy cows are free to enter

What is a parallel milking parlor? 

Which of the following below is not a type of goat?

What can sheep provide us with? 

_____________ produce many lambs for sale as feeder or market, while ______________ are responsible for producing improved genetic stock for the industry.

Which of the following below is not an index EPD in swine. 

Which the following below were horses first used for? 

When discussing a blemish on a horse you are referring to what? 

Which of the following below is not a pro to a stall type operation? 

Which of the following below is why the poultry industry was able to become so productive? 

Which of the following is true about turkey production? 

______ is a layer of small, soft feathers found beneath the outer feathers of ducks and geese. 

Which of the following below is not an example of a by-product from cattle? 

Which of the following below is not one of the 3 ways we discussed for disposal of dead livestock? 

Which the following is not a grade for beef? 

Which of the following is not a egg quality grade? 

Which of the following below is not one of the classes of nutrients? 

Which of the following below is correct about proteins?

Which of the following below is not a feed classification we discussed? 

Which of the following animals are not considered ruminants?

What compartment is considered the first “stomach” of a ruminant?

Which of the following is not present in ruminants?

Which of the following is not abundantly present in saliva?

Ruminants chew food:

On average, how much time per day do ruminants spend grazing?

Introduction to Animal Science - MANSC 200 final is a cumulative final.