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WorksheetsA&P 25.04.24
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 40mins
What are the responses of the skeletal system after a single session of exercise?
Stimulates mineral uptake in the bones
Increased range of joint movement
Increased bone density and strength
Stimulates production of collagen due to stress on the bones
A lack of regular exercise can cause what common conditions in the skeletal system?
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Scoliosis
Regular exercise will cause the following long-term aerobic adaptations to the muscular system.
Increased mitochondria, increased myoglobin and increased use of fat (as an energy source)
Increased mitochondria, reduced myoglobin and increased use of glycogen
Increased myoglobin, increased tolerance to lactate and increased stores of glycogen
One long-term change to the muscular system due to regular anaerobic training is...
(a)
Short-term (immediate) responses to exercise for the respiratory system include...
Increased breathing rate
Increased vital capacity
Increased tidal volume
Increased heart rate
How does altitude affect the respiratory system?
Reduces the amount of oxygen available
Muscles fatigue more rapidly
We breath in less air
Decreases the body's red blood cell count
Which of these are a short-term response of the CV system to exercise?
Increased blood pressure
Reduced cardiac output
Increased blood volume
Anticipatory rise
List three long-term adaptations of the CV system due to regular exercise.
Regular training will cause adaptations to the aerobic energy system. What are the three main adaptations?
Production of additional ATP
Increased use of fats as a fuel source
Increased storage of glycogen
Increased number of mitochondria
A hypoglycaemic attack occurs due to...
Blood sugar levels being too high
Low glycogen stores
Blood sugar levels being too low
Increased glycogen stores
The respiratory system provides __________ to body tissues and removes waste products.
Carbon dioxide
Lactic-acid
Oxygen
Water
Main function of the respiratory system are...
Pulmonary circulation & gas exchange
Pulmonary ventilation & gas exchange
Thermoregulation & gas exchange
The chamber of the chest is known as the...
Lungs
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Pharynx
The role of the intercostal muscles during INSPIRATION.
External intercostals CONTRACT and internal intercostals RELAX. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity UP and OUT.
External intercostals RELAX and internal intercostals CONTRACT. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity DOWN and IN.
External intercostals RELAX and internal intercostals CONTRACT. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity UP and OUT.
External intercostals CONTRACT and internal intercostals RELAX. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity DOWN and IN.
The role of the intercostal muscles during EXPIRATION.
External intercostals CONTRACT and internal intercostals RELAX. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity UP and OUT.
External intercostals RELAX and internal intercostals CONTRACT. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity DOWN and IN.
External intercostals RELAX and internal intercostals CONTRACT. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity UP and OUT.
External intercostals CONTRACT and internal intercostals RELAX. This lifts the ribs/thoracic cavity DOWN and IN.
Select the correct answer which best describes the breathing mechanics during INSPIRATION.
Ribs move down and in, diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, chest decreases, external intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs move down and in, diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, chest decreases, external intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs move up and out, diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards, chest increases, external intercostal muscles relax.
Ribs move up and out, diaphragm contracts and moves down/flattens, chest expands, external intercostal muscles contract.
Explain the process of gas exchange at the alveoli.
Concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is high. Concentration of oxygen in the blood is low. This creates a steeper diffusion gradient/ oxygen diffuses quicker. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood.
Concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is low. Concentration of oxygen in the blood is high. This creates a steeper diffusion gradient/ oxygen diffuses quicker. Oxygen moves from the blood into the alveoli.
Concentration of oxygen in the alveoli is the same as the concentration of oxygen in the blood. This removes the diffusion gradient. Oxygen does not move anywhere.
The respiratory control centre located in the _________________ ___________________ of the brain controls breathing.
Chemo-receptor
Medulla Oblongata
Lungs
Respiratory muscles
Breathing rate is...
An increase in the number of times you breathe per minute.
An increase in the number of times you breathe per hour.
An increase in the number of times you breathe during exercise.
An increase in the number of times you breathe during rest.
Chemoreceptors which detect changes...
in blood pH (acidity of blood)
in blood viscosity (thickness of blood)
in blood temperature
in blood volume
Chemoreceptors send signals to the medulla oblongata to cause breathing rate to change - how does this occur?
Signals are sent through the lungs and then to the medulla oblongata.
Signals are sent to the respiratory muscles and then to the medulla oblongata
Increases the frequency of signals to the respiratory muscles. The respiratory muscles contract at a faster rate.
Gases will always diffuse (gas exchange) from areas of...
High concentration to areas of a low concentration.
Low concentration to areas of high concentration.
equal concentrations to high concentration.
high concentration to areas of equal concentration.
'The volume of air inspired or expired per breath' is referred to as the _____________________________.
Pulmonary ventilation
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Vital capacity
Residual volume
'The volume of air inspired or expired per minute' is referred to as the _____________________________.
Pulmonary ventilation
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Vital capacity
Residual volume
'The volume able to be forcibly inspired during normal breathing' is...
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
'The volume able to forcibly expired, after a normal breathe' is...
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
'The volume of air that remains in the lungs after forced maximum expiration (fully exhaling)' is...
Inspiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Breathing rate
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Pulmonary ventilation (VE) = __________________ X ________________
Residual volume X Breathing rate
Expiratory reserve volume X Residual volume
Tidal volume X Breathing rate
Vital capacity X Breathing rate
Asthma is...
a disorder characterized by low bone mass, leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk.
a medical condition in which a person's spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually "S"- or "C"-shape.
a common condition where airways can become restricted. The tightening of the muscles surrounding the trachea prevent gases from freely moving in or out.
a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.
Label 1, 2 & 3 above:
1 = Pharynx, 2 = Lung & 3 = Diaphragm
1 = Nasal cavity, 2 = Trachea & 3 = Alveoli
1 = Larynx, 2 = Trachea & 3 = Bronchi
1 = Nasal cavity, 2 = Bronchi & 3 = Alveoli
What are the responses of the skeletal system after a single session of exercise?
Stimulates mineral uptake in the bones
Increased range of joint movement
Increased bone density and strength
Stimulates production of collagen due to stress on the bones
A lack of regular exercise can cause what common conditions in the skeletal system?
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
Scoliosis
Regular exercise will cause the following long-term aerobic adaptations to the muscular system.
Increased mitochondria, increased myoglobin and increased use of fat (as an energy source)
Increased mitochondria, reduced myoglobin and increased use of glycogen
Increased myoglobin, increased tolerance to lactate and increased stores of glycogen
One long-term change to the muscular system due to regular anaerobic training is...
(a)
Short-term (immediate) responses to exercise for the respiratory system include...
Increased breathing rate
Increased vital capacity
Increased tidal volume
Increased heart rate
How does altitude affect the respiratory system?
Reduces the amount of oxygen available
Muscles fatigue more rapidly
We breath in less air
Decreases the body's red blood cell count
Which of these are a short-term response of the CV system to exercise?
Increased blood pressure
Reduced cardiac output
Increased blood volume
Anticipatory rise
List three long-term adaptations of the CV system due to regular exercise.
Regular training will cause adaptations to the aerobic energy system. What are the three main adaptations?
Production of additional ATP
Increased use of fats as a fuel source
Increased storage of glycogen
Increased number of mitochondria
A hypoglycaemic attack occurs due to...
Blood sugar levels being too high
Low glycogen stores
Blood sugar levels being too low
Increased glycogen stores
The 'flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart' describes which type of circulation?
Double
Systemic
Pulmonary
Cardiac
'An upper chamber receiving de-oxygenated blood' describes which chamber of the heart?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
'A lower chamber containing oxygenated blood' describes which chamber of the heart?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
The ________ __________ of the cardiac muscle has a thicker wall to allow the heart to contract with more force on the oxygenated side.
left side
right side
middle septum
upper side
Which blood vessel pumps oxygenated blood at high pressure from the heart to the body.
Pulmonary vein
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Which blood vessel returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
Pulmonary vein
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary vein
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Which valve prevents blood flowing back into the left atrium.
Semi-lunar pulmonary valve
Semi-lunar aortic valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Which valve prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium from the ventricle.
Semi-lunar pulmonary valve
Semi-lunar aortic valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Which valve prevents expelled blood flowing back into the left ventricle?
Semi-lunar pulmonary valve
Semi-lunar aortic valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Which valve prevents expelled blood flowing back into the right ventricle?
Semi-lunar pulmonary valve
Semi-lunar aortic valve
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Capillaries have specific features to ensure they are efficient, select the correct answer below to describe these features.
Small surface area and one cell thick
Large surface area, moist and one cell thick
Two cells thick, large surface area and moist.
Moist, thick and muscular
'Walls are thick and elastic' describes which blood vessel?
Veins
Capillaries
Venules
Arteries
'Has a large lumen' describes which blood vessel?
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
Arteries
'Contain a red-coloured compound called haemoglobin which bonds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin' describes which type of blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
'They defend against disease. They are vital to health and preventing infection after injury' describes which type of blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
'Transport nutrients/ red blood cells/ white blood cells/ maintaining normal blood pressure/ maintain homeostasis' describes which type of blood?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Controlling body temperature is called...
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Thermoregulation
Coagulation
'Increase blood flow, nutrients and gaseous exchange' refers to...
Vasoconstriction
Hypothermia
Vasodilation
Hypertension
The electrical impulse begins at the pacemaker: a mass of cardiac cells known as the _________________
Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)
Bundle of His
Bundle branches
Sino-atrial node (SAN)
The ______________ acts as a distributor and passes the action potential to the Bundle of His.
Atrio-ventricular node (AVN)
Bundle of His
Bundle branches
Sino-atrial node (SAN)
The cardiac control centre (CCC) is located in the _____________ ____________.
sympathetic system
medulla oblongata
parasympathetic system
Purjunke fibres
'The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction' describes...
Cardiac output (Q)
Venus return
Stroke volume
Blood volume
Heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV) =
Cardiac output (Q)
Venus return
Stroke volume
Blood volume
Before exercise begins the adrenal glands release adrenaline into the blood stream. We call this...
an increased stroke volume
an anticipatory rise
cardiac hypertrophy
hypertension
'The force exerted by the blood on the vessel walls' is called...
blood pressure
blood volume
blood viscosity
heart rate
'This is the maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts' refers to...
Diastolic pressure
Systolic pressure
