A substance was added to a cell culture that inactivated the tRNA in the cell. Which is the best prediction of what will occur in this cell culture?

a.

Mutations can occur in many ways. Which of the following statements applies to all mutations?

Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA. Which information is specified by a codon?

DNA contains the codes needed to construct the proteins that control most cellular functions. In which cell organelle does protein synthesis occur?

During the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction, DNA is exchanged among the chromosomes, which varies the genetic information passed to the offspring. What is this process called?

Sexual reproduction involves the union of cells from two parents. In terms of natural selection, what is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Scientific laws are used to describe natural events or relationships. Which scientific law explains why the gametes formed by an organism do NOT contain exactly the same alleles as alleles as the parent?

The table below shows the three-base mRNA codes that indicate the amino acids used to construct proteins in the body. Which DNA sequence codes for the amino acid isoleucine?

Bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotic cells. Where in bacteria cells is the DNA found?

Mendel’s law of segregation allows one to predict what can happen in a genetic cross. A Punnett square can be used to make this prediction. Look at the Punnett square below. What are the genotypes of the parents based on the law of segregation?

Within organisms, the pairing of nitrogenous bases forms the DNA strand and the genes coded within the DNA. Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in a DNA strand?

Scientists use recombinant DNA technology to genetically engineer bacteria to produce substances such as human insulin. Why are bacteria used in this process?

The basis of heredity was the direct result of critical and logical thinking. After considering alternative scientific explanations to explain the data he obtained, Gregor Mendel laid the foundation for genetics. His conclusions were based on carefully planned investigations. What organism did Mendel select to carry out his investigations?

DNA is an important molecule found in all organisms. What is the function of DNA?

During a laboratory exercise in class, Wei is asked to observe cells from different organisms. Her teacher asks her to list structures that are found in all cells. Which of the following could be found in all the cells that she studied?

The mule is an animal that is often used to do heavy farm work. A mule is an animal that is developed by breeding animals of two species—a male donkey and a female horse. The offspring known as a mule is not a distinct species because it is sterile and unable to produce offspring. Which of the following best describes a mule?

Transcription is a process that occurs in cells. Which is the best description of transcription?

Scientists have developed bioengineered crops that are more resistant to damage by frost, chemicals, and drought. Crops have been bioengineered also to produce larger crop yields. What is a potential drawback to increased use of bioengineered crops?

Scientists can induce, or cause, mutations in DNA in a laboratory setting. What evidence would best support a scientist’s claim that a certain mutation induced in a lab would have no phenotypic effect if it occurred in an actual organism?

Mutations are categorized by how the nucleotide sequence is changed. Insertions and deletions are called frameshift mutations. What is the relationship between the location of a frameshift mutation in a gene and its impact on the protein produced?

In the process of DNA replication, nucleotides are added as DNA is synthesized. Which best describes how it is determined what nucleotides are added?

While performing a cross using a Punnett square, Nicholas assumes that both parents have the genotype Gg. Based on the law of segregation, what is the expected ratio of offspring genotypes?

One of the laws Mendel established is the law of independent assortment. Assume that a parent has the genotype Aabb and that this parent produces gametes. Which of the following illustrates the letter or letters that could be present in one of these gametes according to the law of independent assortment?

One of the laws of heredity that Mendel developed was the law of segregation. What does this law state?

In her biology class, Natasha has been asked to complete a strand of DNA with the appropriate nucleotides. If half of the strand is A-T-C-C-G-A-T-C, what would she write for the other half?

Scientists have developed transgenic crops that use genes from other organisms to produce substances that protect them from damage by insect pests or frost. Which type of biotechnology is involved in the production of such crops?

Kaila wanted to model different types of mutations by using written sentences. She wrote the sentence that appears below on the board to model the original DNA sequence. In this model sentence, each letter represents a DNA base, and each word represents a three-base code that, after being transcribed into RNA, will code for amino acids used to build proteins. THE CAR WAS NEW AND RED. Which of the following could Kaila write on the board to best model an insertion mutation?