After Roman armies abandoned the area that is today England, Germanic groups known as Angles and Saxons Settled there. In time, they became the ________.

The ______ were the strongest Germanic Group

They settled what is now _____ and Western _______.

Martel's first move was to halt the spread of ______ into Europe. By the early 700s, Muslims from North Africa had conquered Spain and entered France.

In 732, Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the battle of ______.

After Pepin died in 768, his son _______ became king of the Franks

His conquests won Charles the name of ________, or Charles the Great.

In 800, Charlemagne came to Rome and defended the Pope against unruly Roman nobles. The pope placed a crown on Charlemagne's head and declared him the new _________.

Charlemagne relied on local officials called counts ______ to help him govern. They ran local affairs and raised armies for Charlemagne.

In the 800s and 900s, waves of invaders swept across Europe. ______ from North Africa raided France and Italy.

______, _______, and ________ are all part of modern Scandinavia.

The Viking people, known as _______ or "North Men," lived in villages near the fjords.

In the 700s and 800s, the ______ left their crowded homeland and carried out raids along Europe's coasts.

In 936, Duke _______ of saxony was elected king of Germany, His territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire.

Elected pope in 1073, ______ declared that only the pope had the power to appoint high ranking Church Officials.

_________ was based on ties of loyalty and duty among members of the nobility.

Many lower-ranking vassals were known as ______. They were armed warriors who fought on horseback.

Every castle had two parts. The first was a ______, or steep-sided hill. The second part was the ____, an open space next to the first one.

During the Middle Ages, the vast number of Europeans were peasants living and working in manors. There were two groups of peasants-____ and ____.

An _________, or trainee, learned a trade from a master artisan who provided room and board but no wages.

King Alfred of Wessex, later known as Alfred the Great, united the Anglo Saxons and halted the Viking advance. The kingdom that Alfred united became known as "________," or England.

In the fall of 1066, William and his army of Norman Knights landed in England, they defeated Harold and his foot soldiers at the battle of _______.

From 1154 to 1189, _______ ruled England as well as most of Wales, and Ireland. He was also a feudal lord in France and Scotland.

The courts created a body of ______, or law that was the same throughout the whole kingdom.

______ decided if people should be accused of crime.

______ decide whether people a person was innocent or guilty.

_______ helped strengthen the idea that all people, regardless of rank, have rights, and that the power of government should be limited.

Edward I, king of England in the late 1200s, increased the authority of his council. This group of Lords, such as leaders, knights, and townspeople became known as ______.

Parliament came to be divided into two groups- an _____ house and ___ house.

In 843, Charlamagne's Empire was split into three parts. The western part became the kingdom of ______.

In 1095, the pope asked Europe's nobles to begin a ______, or holy war against the Muslim Turks.

He urged them to capture _____ and free the Holy Land, where Jesus had lived, From the Muslims.

Church leaders, wealthy merchants, and nobles supported the building of large churches called _______.

Early medieval churches were ______, a style that combined the features of Roman and Byzantine buildings.

______ churches were taller and had more space than Romanasque churches.

Two of the first medieval universities were in bologna, _____, and Paris, ______.

Universities also were founded in England at ______ and _______.

By 1100, a new way of thinking called ______ was changing the study of theology.

The first scholastic thinker was ______, who served as archbishop of Canterbury in England from 1093 to 1109.

One popular type of vernacular literature was ______.

A second important type of vernacular literature was the ______.

Two well-known orders of friars were the _______ and the _________.

Medieval Christians also took part in church rituals called _____________.

Despite its power, the church had to deal with _____ or ideas that conflicted with church teaching.

In 1233, the pope set up a church court called the ______. I's task was to question and deal with people accused of heresy.

The __________, as the disease was known, was probably bubonic plague.

The Christians drove out the Muslims in a struggle called the ________ or "reconquest"

The _______ tried and tortured thousands of people who were accused of being disloyal to the Catholic Church in Spain.

_______: Military leaders who rule local territories.

________: Taught that people could escape suffering by following its teachings.

________: A word that people today sometimes call porcelain

______: Moveable tents that the Mongols lived in

_______: Genghis khan meaning.

_______: Yuan meaning.

_______: Ming Meaning.

One of the most famous European travelers to reach china.

A large area of palaces and government buildings.

This was where the emperor and his family lived.

China Eventually became more unified. In A.D. 581, a Chinese general named ________ declared himself emperor

A system of water ways connected China's two great rivers, the _________ (Yellow River) and the ___________ (Yangtze River).

During the late A.D. 600s, Empress _______ ruled China. She was the only woman in Chinese history to rule the country on her own.

As trade increased, Chinese cities became wealthy. ________, the Tang capital, grew to be the world's largest city.

The ___________examinations begun by Han rulers were based on Confucian principles. The exams helped provide China's government with well educate, talented officials.

After years of decline, the ______ reopened and thrived. Caravans traveled along it, carrying goods from China to other parts of Asia.

The earliest known printed book dates from about A.D. 868. It is a Buddhist book called the ________.

In the A.D. 1000s, a Chinese typewriter named ________ solved this printing problem by inventing movable type.

In A.D. 1024, during the ______ dynasty, the Chinese began to print the world's first paper money as a way to benefit traders.

________ was another Chinese invention created during the Tang dynasty. It was used in explosives and weapons, such as the fire lance.

_________ was one of the most popular poets of the Tang dynasty. Known for leading a carefree life, he wrote poems about nature.

________, the dominant nomadic group in central Asia. They became the first Non-Chinese people to rule all Chia.

In A.D. 1258, the Mongols captured the Muslim city of ________.

Today, the modern city of ________ is located on the site of the former Mongol captain.

For some of those years, Marco Polo ruled the Chinese city of ________. When he returned to Italy, he wrote a book about his adventures.

As emperor, Zhu took the name of Hong Wu, or the "_______"

Ming emperors built a large fleet of ships to sail to other countries. The Ships, known as ________, usually traveled along the coast of China.

Between A.D. 1405 and A.D. 1433, Ming emperors sent the Chinses fleet on ________ overseas voyages.

In A.D 1514, ships from the European country of _______ arrived off the coast of southern China.

The Portuguese wanted to trade with China and the Chinese to ________.

As law and order collapsed, a people--the _______- from the north prepared to invade a weakened China. Like the Chinese, they had been conquered by the Mongols.

In A.D. 1644, they set up a new dynasty called the _______ dynasty.

In A.D. 1260, the grandson of Ghengis Khan, ________, became the new Mongol ruler.

After the fall of the Tang, military leaders ruled China. Then in A.D. 960, one of the generals became emperor and founded the _______ dynasty.

Europe then entered a new aera called the _______ Ages, or medieval times. This was a 1,000 year period between ancient and modern times.

After Roman armies abandoned the area that is today England, Germanic groups known as Angles and Saxons settle there. In time, they became the _______ Saxons.

Charles Martel's first move as to halt the spread of ______ into Europe.

In 732, Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the Battle of _______.

His conquests won Charles the name of _______, or Charles the Great.

The pope placed a crown on Charlemagne's head and declared him the new _________ Emperor.

In the 800s and 900s, waves of invaders swept across Europe. __________ from North Africa raided France and Italy.

_______, ________, and ________ are all part of modern Scandinavia.

In the 700s and 800s, the _______ left their crowded homeland and carried out raids along Europe's coasts.

In 936, Duke _________ of Saxony was elected king of Germany. His territory became known as the Holy Roman Empire.

Many lower-ranking vassals were known as _______. They were armed warriors who fought on horseback.

During the Middle Ages, the vast number of Europeans were peasants living and working on manors. There were two groups of peasants--- _______ and _______.

In the fall of 1066, William and his army of Norman knights landed in England. They defeated Harold and his foot soldiers at the Battle of _______.

From 1154 to 1189, _______ ruled England as well as most Wales, and Ireland. He was also a feudal lord in France and Scotland.

The courts created a body of ________ law, or law that was the same throughout the whole kingdom.

________ helped strengthen the idea that all people, regardless of rank, have rights, and that the power of government should be limited.

Edward I, king of England in the late 1200s, increased the authority of his council. This group of lords, church leaders, knights, and townspeople became known as _________.

In 843, Charlemagne's empire was split into three parts. The Western part became the kingdom of _______.

The pope urged Europe's nobles to capture ________ and free the Holy Land, where Jesus had lived, from the Muslims.

Church leaders, wealthy merchants, and nobles supported the building of large churches called ________.

Early medieval churches were ________, a style that combined the features of Roman and Byzantine buildings.

Two of the first medieval universities were in Bologna, ______, and Paris, _________.

By 1100, a new way of thinking called ________ was changing the study of theology.

The first scholastic thinker was _______, who served as archbishop of Canterbury in England from 1093 to 1109.

Two well-known orders of friars were the ______ and the ______.

Medieval Christians also took part in Church rituals called ________.

In 1233, the pope set up a church called the _______. Its task was to question and deal with people accused of heresy.

The _______ Death, as the disease was known, was probably bubonic Plague

The ________ tried and tortured thousands of people who were accused of being disloyal to the Catholic Church in Spain.