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Worksheets2024 FINAL S2 REVIEW
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 33mins
What is a dichotomous key?
A tool used to identify organisms by choosing between two statements until the species has been identified
A diagram used to determine the probability of two parents having offspring with certain traits
A diagram that shows the inheritance of traits within a family
A map of the human genome
Three nucleotides on an mRNA form a ______.
anticodon
codon
peptide bond
phosphate group
You can drastically change the traits of a plant through just one generation of selective breeding.
true
false
Which of the following is true of asexual reproduction?
results in more variation than sexual reproduction
has a greater likelihood of passing down genetic mutations than sexual reproduction
produces organisms that are more able to adapt to environmental changes
is a slower process than sexual reproduction
Which of the following are processes involved in protein synthesis? (select all that apply)
translation
transcription
Transcription occurs in the ______.
nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria
What is translation in biology?
The process by which DNA is copied
The process of transferring information from DNA to mRNA
The process by which mRNA directs the formation of proteins
The process by which one amino acid is attached to another amino acid
What is the definition of a clone?
An organism that looks identical to another organism
Two closely related organisms
The reconstruction of a genome using gene editing
An organism that is genetically identical to another organism
What is classification in biology?
Deciding which species have the best features
Determining class systems for groups of animals
The process of sorting organisms into groups based on similar characteristics
The splitting of all species into the animal or plant kingdom
Organisms that are the most similar belong in a _______.
Family
Class
Genus
Species
During protein synthesis, each codon corresponds to a particular _______.
Sugar
Peptide bond
Amino acid
Ribosome
What is selective breeding?
Genetic engineering that can produce organisms which contain DNA from a different species
The process of changing a gene to treat a disease or genetic disorder
The technique that uses a single cell from an adult organism to grow an entirely new individual
The process where humans only allow certain animals with desired characteristics to reproduce
What does the word "differentiation" mean in cell biology?
It is the process of one cell dividing to form two cells
It is used to describe two different cells.
It is the process of cells developing specialized functions
It is the process of cells remaining identical
What is the process of a cell becoming specialized called?
Differentiation
Specialization
Adaptation
Mutation
Which molecule is arranged as a double helix?
DNA
RNA
Both DNA and RNA
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?
Adenine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA?
Phases
Microfibrils
Filaments
Nucleotides
What is the role of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
Takes a copy of DNA to the ribosome
Brings amino acids to the ribosome
Helps copy DNA onto the mRNA
Corresponds to complementary bases on tRNA
What is a codon?
An enzyme that helps copy DNA onto mRNA
A series of three nucleotides on tRNA which correspond to complementary bases on mRNA
A series of amino acids which help a cell to do its job
A series of three nucleotides which correspond to a specific amino acid
What phylum does the red fox belong to?
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Which of the following is the most specific classification of the red fox shown in the taxonomy diagram?
Eukarya
Chordata
Canidae
Vulpes vulpes
DNA cannot leave the nucleus. True or false?
True
False
Scientific names often tell/describe a characteristic of an organism. What does Lathyrus odoratus tell you about a sweet pea?
It has a lavender shade to the pea pod.
It grows near water.
It is a long-lasting plant.
It has a scent.
What is RNA?
A molecule that consists of amino acids linked together
The building block of DNA made up of a sugar, phosphate and a base
The substance that makes up cytoplasm
A molecule that plays a role in the synthesis of proteins
What is one disadvantage to selective breeding?
It can lead to inbreeding which leads to defects.
It enhances only desired traits without any drawbacks.
It is a completely natural process.
It increases genetic diversity.
What is one result of asexual reproduction?
It leads to too many cells being combined at one time.
It makes the organism more susceptible to diseases.
It can lead to extinction.
It enhances genetic diversity.
Rachel's DNA sample analysis shows 40% adenine. Which other base must also make up 40% of the sample?
cytosine
guanine
thymine
uracil
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the classification hierarchy?
bacteria
prokaryote
archaeabacteria
eukaryota
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloning?
It can produce a large number of plants in a small area.
It can lead to a longer life span for plants.
It allows for mass production of plants with desirable characteristics.
It can increase genetic diversity.
What is a stem cell?
An unspecialized cell capable of differentiating into one or more cell types.
A cell that has differentiated to become a specific cell type.
A differentiated cell that is capable of specializing.
A cell taken from the stem tissue of a plant.
Each codon corresponds to a particular what?
sugar
amino acid
peptide bond
ribosome
What is CRISPR?
An enzyme that pieces together DNA.
A transporter of gene segments from the donor to the host.
A method for editing genes.
A type of gene found in bacteria.
What is the function of a gene-editing system?
To create a circular piece of bacterial DNA
To locate specific genetic code
To produce new genetic combinations
To bind to specific sequences of DNA
Where does translation occur within a cell?
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
What is the purpose of using a vector in gene therapy?
To inject healthy cells in diseased areas
To replace a defective gene with a healthier version of the same gene
To bind to specific sequences of DNA
To produce new genetic combinations
What is a plasmid?
A method for separating DNA into fragments
A circular ring of DNA
A type of gene therapy
A DNA molecule used to carry DNA segments into host cells
What type of mutation is depicted in the diagram?
Deletion
Insertion
Substitution
Duplication
________ is an enzyme that helps the cell copy the DNA onto the mRNA.
RNA Polymerase
A protein
tRNA
mRNA
______ is a series of amino acids which help a cell to do its job.
A protein
A codon
tRNA
mRNA
RNA Polymerase
_______ brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
RNA Polymerase
A codon
mRNA
tRNA
An anticodon
______ separates DNA into different fragments by using enzymes and an electric field in an agarose gel
Recombinant DNA
Electrophoresis gel
A plasmid
Gene therapy
A vector
_____ refers to new genetic combinations produced by inserting molecules from two different species into a host organism
Recombinant DNA
Gene therapy
Cell therapy
A plasmid
A vector
______ restores the function of damaged tissues by using a vector to replace a defective gene with a healthier version of the same gene
Gene therapy
Cell therapy
Electrophoresis gel
A restriction enzyme
______ restores the function of damaged tissues by injecting healthy cells in diseased areas
Gene therapy
Cell therapy
Electrophoresis gel
A restriction enzye
