During the nineteenth century, biologists knew that South America and Africa contained similar fossils. These fossils let them believe that a temporary land bridge between South America and Africa allowed ancient species to move between both continents. In the twentieth century, evidence showed that South America and Africa were once part of the same larger continent and that there were no land bridges between them. How should biologists respond to the new geological findings?

Elements on the periodic table are arranged into vertical columns called groups. Which of the following is true of the elements in a group?

When formulating a new recipe, food scientists take detailed notes of their procedures and record carefully measured amounts of the ingredients. Different scientists will then follow the steps in the recipe and compare the final products. Why is it important for other food scientists to review new recipes before they are sold to the public?

A group of scientists has been asked to conduct a study on how an oil spill will affect the surrounding sea life. The scientists decide that the best way to complete the study is to create a model. Which of the following is the most likely reason that the scientists will use a model instead of creating an actual oil spill study?

Atomic theory, which describes the atoms that make up matter, has been explored for centuries. Scientists in ancient Greece first proposed that matter was made of units called atoms. For many years, scientists thought atoms were solid and could not be divided. Then, in the nineteenth century, scientists began to discover the particles that make up atoms. Modern techniques have allowed scientists to split atoms into increasingly smaller particles. Which of the following statements about theories is supported by the history of the atomic theory?

Allison and Heather are going to conduct an experiment to see whether salt affects the growth of plants. They assemble five groups of identical plants and give the plants in each group water with a different salt concentration. What is the outcome variable (dependent variable) for their experiment?

The graph below shows which wavelengths, in nanometers (nm), and corresponding colors of light are absorbed by the plant molecule chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll a is one of the molecules that plants use for photosynthesis.

Which of the following would be an accurate analysis of the information shown?

In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon. Video coverage showing the astronaut walking on the surface of the Moon gives the impression that he was bouncing while he walked. What is the reason for this?

According to the Law of Universal Gravitation, which satellite would experience the least amount of gravitational attraction to the Earth?

John left his home and walked 3 blocks to his school, as shown in the accompanying graph.

What is one possible interpretation of the section in the graph from point B to point C?

Dominique and her sister are practicing their basketball skills at the park. If both Dominique and her sister both throw their basketballs at the same time and they hit each other, what would happen to their basketballs?

Refer to the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum diagram.

According to the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum diagram, what type of radiation has a larger wavelength than those found in the visible light spectrum?

When solar radiation crosses space and moves toward Earth, it consists of many types of radiation. Together, these radiation types are known as the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following properties differentiates among the different types of radiation found in the electromagnetic spectrum?

As Charlotte watches her popcorn pop in the microwave, she wonders why she can’t see the energy that is heating up the kernels. Why can’t she see the microwaves that are creating the heat?

Brady notices that when he places a straw in a glass of water, the image of the straw in water and the image of the straw outside of the water do not match up. What is the reason for the difference in how the straw looks above and below the water?

In science class, you listen to the sound of a tuning fork after it is hit against a cork. When you place the tuning fork to one end of a piece of wood and your ear to the other, you notice that the sound becomes high pitched. What happened to the sound waves as they went through the wood?

Sound waves need a medium to move through in order to keep moving. Through which of the following would sound travel the slowest?

The government is exploring many new green technologies in order to produce energy. One example is the wind turbine. As the wind passes by, the blades move which turns a generator and produces energy. What energy transformation is taking place in the wind turbine?

Harry uses a pulley to put up a bucket of water from a well. Which of the following energy transformations also occurs as the bucket rises from the bottom of the well?

Refer to the diagram of a roller coaster to help you answer this question.

Ryan and his family are visiting a theme park and he wants to ride a roller coaster. At which point in the diagram would he expect to have the greatest amount of potential energy?

Jesse is walking on the sand at the beach one summer day. If heat is not flowing between her feet and the sand, which of the following must be true?

On a hot summer day in Florida, Sarah was having a picnic with her family. She took a glass, which had been sitting in the Sun, and filled it with ice cubes from a cooler. Then she added lemonade from a thermos jug. Which of the following describes one direction in which heat will flow?

Jeffery brings a book from an air-conditioned apartment to a balcony on a hot summer day. How will the cool book interact with the outside air?

Katie's teacher has given her a sample that contains a mixture of salt, sand, and iron filings. She is instructed to separate the mixture into the three individual components. What would be the best physical property to focus on for the first step in separating the mixture?

Jamal is combining salt with water in order to determine its solubility. He notices that after adding ten spoonsful of salt, no more will dissolve into the water. Which statement best explains his observation?

Mario uses a hot plate to heat a beaker of 50mL of water. He used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the water. The water in the beaker began to boil when it reached the temperature of 100°C. If Mario completes the same experiment with 25mL of water, what would happen to the boiling point?

Gabriel is testing the properties of four brands of golf balls. He places them in graduated cylinders containing 100 milliliters (mL) of water and determines that each ball has a volume of 20 cubic centimeters (cm3). He places the balls on a balance and finds that each has a different mass measured in grams (g). The properties of the golf balls are shown in the chart below.

Gabriel uses the numbers in the chart to find the density of the golf balls. Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3. Which ball will float? (D= m/V.)

Latrice is given an unknown substance and is asked to identify it based on its properties. She measures its mass as 237.6 g. The cube's length, width, and height are 3 cm each. What is the unknown substance? (D= m/V.)

Terry sees an old rusty swing set at the park. He knows that rust is formed when iron (Fe) combines with oxygen (O) in the atmosphere to form iron oxide (FeO). How would you classify iron oxide?

Before today's science class, Jose thought that salt was something that he uses to season his French fries. What is the scientific definition of "a salt"?

Which of the following correctly describes a property of an atom?

Reference your periodic table to help you answer the following question. Which of the following elements would you expect to have chemical properties similar to Fluorine (F)?

Four siblings did chores during the weekend. Ling cooked eggs. Gabe raked leaves. Chris sewed buttons. Briana dried laundry. Which of these involved a chemical change?

Anthony’s homework assignment is to demonstrate that an orange has already undergone a chemical change. Which of the following should he bring to class to best demonstrate a chemical change?

Carlos stomps a soda can flat and throws it away. Which of the following statements BEST describes the change made in the soda can?

Which best describes why we can find aquatic fossils in rock high up in mountain ranges?

What kind of plate boundary is found where Indian plate and Eurasian plate occur?

Tt is what type of alleles?

Which of the following is an example of Homozygous recessive alleles?