Worksheets9 Semester Final
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 50mins
What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?
a. more organelles
b. a copy of DNA
c. daughter cells
d. greater surface area
Before a cell can move from the G1 or G2 stage to the next stage of the cell cycle, it must grow and
a. double in size.
b. duplicate its DNA.
c. complete interphase.
d. pass a critical checkpoint.
Which of these shows the cell cycle phases in their correct order AND correctly paired with their functions?
G1-growth, M-division, G2-DNA checkpoints, S-DNA replication
G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide, M-division
M-division, G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide
S-Interphase, G2-growth, M-division, G1-DNA replication
The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up
a. interphase.
b. telophase.
c. cytokinesis.
d. mitosis.
Molecules that control the stages of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes are similar. This fact suggests that
a. binary fission and mitosis are the same.
b. rates of cell division are uniform.
c. cells of eukaryotes rarely divide.
d. eukaryotes share a common ancestry.
Which of the following is an example of an internal factor that controls the cell cycle?
a. growth factor
b. kinase
c. cell-cell contact
d. erythropoietin
A hormone present in the blood can stimulate the growth of certain cells. The hormone is acting as a(n)
a. oncogene.
b. carcinogen.
c. daughter cell.
d. external factor.
If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor
a. are harmless.
b. remain clustered together.
c. can form more tumors.
d. create more carcinogens.
Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of
a. mitotic reproduction.
b. asexual reproduction.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. vegetative reproduction.
Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?
a. conserves chromosome number, produces genetically identical cells
b. conserves chromosome number, produces haploid cells
c. reduces chromosome number by half, produces diploid cells
d. reduces chromosome number by half, produces gametes
Which of the following cell types is haploid?
a. liver cell
b. somatic cell
c. sperm cell
d. germ cell
The fusion of haploid gametes is called
a. gametogenesis.
b. meiosis.
c. reassortment.
d. fertilization.
Which of the following statements is true of heterozygous alleles?
a. They are identical genes at the same locus on brother chromatids.
b. They are identical genes at the same locus on sister chromatids.
c. They are different forms of the same gene on homologous chromosomes.
d. They are more likely than homozygous alleles to cross over.
Mendel’s law of segregation states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and that
a. organisms donate copies to offspring in unpredictable ratios.
b. organisms donate copies to offspring in predictable ratios.
c. organisms donate only dominant alleles to offspring.
d. organisms donate recessive alleles as discrete units.
What is the G0 phase?
The phase where mitosis occurs
A non-dividing state of the cell
A phase where DNA is replicated
A phase where cells divide frequently
In a genotype for plant height, such as Tt, what does each letter represent?
a. one genome
b. one gene
c. one allele
d. one gamete
When is a recessive allele expressed in offspring?
a. when two copies are present
b. when parents have no dominant alleles
c. when the offspring is heterozygous
d. when one copy is present
Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?
a. sperm
b. ovum
c. somatic
d. germ
A recessive trait is expressed in an organism’s phenotype when
a. the recessive allele for the trait comes from the male parent.
b. the organism is heterozygous for the alleles of the trait.
c. two copies of the recessive allele for the trait are present.
d. its genotype contains at least one allele for the trait.
Compared with body cells, gametes are haploid because they contain
a. twice as many chromosomes.
b. only homologous autosomes.
c. two copies of one parent’s genes.
d. a single copy of each chromosome.
Two homozygous alleles of a gene code for
a. the same form of a trait.
b. different forms of a trait.
c. a recessive trait.
d. a dominant trait.
. Independent assortment and crossing over increase
a. number of offspring.
b. genetic linkage.
c. sex-linked traits.
d. genetic diversity.
Someone who is heterozygous for a recessive allele that causes a disorder
a. is not a carrier of the disorder.
b. will not have the disorder.
c. cannot have offspring with the disorder.
d. will get the disorder late in life
Phenotype is influenced by many factors, including the chromosome upon which a gene is located, ranges of dominance, and
a. karyotype.
b. pedigree.
c. environment.
d. phenotype.
Suppose a person is homozygous recessive for a recessive genetic disorder. This genotype means that the person
a. is a carrier for the disorder.
b. has the genetic disorder.
c. cannot pass on the gene.
d. is healthy and is not a carrier.
Sex-linked disorders appear more often in males because the Y chromosome
a. does not carry sex-linked genes.
b. affects phenotype strongly.
c. has genes only for sex determination.
d. is smaller than the X chromosome.
Down syndrome is characterized by having an extra copy of at least a portion of chromosome 21. Which of the following methods would quickly identify the disorder?
a. pedigree chart
b. karyotype
c. meiosis map
d. linkage map
Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by DNA polymerases?
a. bonding nucleotides
b. breaking peptide bonds
c. cutting DNA into fragments
d. separating nucleotide base pairs
The genetic code is shared by
a. fruit flies and pea plants.
b. eukaryotes only.
c. all organisms.
d. bacteria and yeasts.
Selective breeding, DNA testing, and genetically modifying crop plants are all applications of
a. DNA replication.
b. genetic mutations.
c. biotechnology.
d. environment-genotype interactions.
The location of specific genes
a. cannot be determined with current biological methods.
b. has only rarely been determined.
c. can be mapped to specific spots on chromosomes.
d. has been found only for humans.
Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same
a. proteins.
b. DNA copies.
c. plasmid loops.
d. genetic code.
What is a clone?
a. a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
b. a ring of bacterial DNA with foreign DNA inserted
c. a mouse that has had some of its genes "turned off"
d. a genetically engineered organism with new traits
Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?
a. genetic screening
b. gel electrophoresis
c. DNA microarrays
d. genetic engineering
Which of the following processes could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA that is large enough to study?
a. polymerase chain reaction
b. genetic engineering
c. bioinformatics
d. gel electrophoresis
In polymerase chain reaction, which of the following acts as the starting point for new DNA strands?
a. cDNA
b. plasmids
c. enzymes
d. primers
Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and
a. recombinant DNA.
b. gene knockouts.
c. DNA microarrays.
d. DNA testing.
The purpose of genetic engineering is to
a. develop safer pesticides.
b. study obesity and cancer.
c. reduce Earth’s biodiversity.
d. give organisms new traits.
Which pair of structures shares similar functions?
a. human hair and clam shell
b. rose flower and tree bark
c. chloroplasts and mitochondria
d. fish gills and human lungs
A proposed explanation for a wide range of observations and experimental results that is supported by a wide range of evidence is what we call a
a. hypothesis.
b. principle.
c. variable.
d. theory
Within a species, each individual’s DNA is contained on
a. the individual’s dominant alleles.
b. only the sex-linked chromosomes.
c. half of the organism’s genes.
d. a set number of chromosomes.
Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?
a. evolution
b. uniformitarianism
c. catastrophism
d. gradualism
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
a. natural selection
b. inheritance of acquired characteristics
c. artificial selection
d. descent without modification
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
a. fewer mutations.
b. more offspring.
c. stronger genes.
d. better traits.
Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?
a. Carolus Linnaeus
b. Charles Darwin
c. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d. Georges L.L. de Buffon
Sources of genetic variation include
a. social behaviors among animals.
b. crossing over during meiosis.
c. environmental pressures on species.
d. asexual reproduction by mitosis.
Which of the following is the best example of a population?
a. flowering plants and ferns growing in a garden
b. all cat species living in North and South America
c. all insect species living in the Amazon rain forest
d. alligators of one species living in a certain swamp
What does the biodiversity on Earth indicate about its organisms?
a. They share many common structures and functions.
b. They are adapted to live in a variety of environments.
c. They have not changed over the course of Earth’s history.
d. They cannot tolerate extreme environments.
