How does presentation influence how we think about the world?

What factors influence the impressions we form of other people?

How do beliefs create reality?

How does culture influence social cognition?

Aimee drives her son to soccer practice three times a week. The route to the soccer pitch is so familiar that Aimee primarily relies on _______________ to get there.

Ben had never been to the local diner for lunch but once inside the restaurant, he ordered a hamburger and fries. Ben made this decision based on

Professor Ray is hiring a student for a research position and has decided to select the person based on an interview rather than the candidates' university transcripts or their resumes. Professor Ray seems to be relying on

After being asked to give three examples of assertive behaviour, students were then asked to describe their behaviour. Those who included assertiveness were using a(n)

Mental shortcuts used to make decisions and form judgments are known as

After a national story about a child abduction, Jada was reluctant to allow her children to play outside unsupervised. Jada's judgment was influenced by

Courtney was afraid to fly but had no hesitation about driving 450 miles to avoid flying. Courtney is probably being influenced by

When assigning camp roommates, Juan ignores the application information and relies on his personal meetings with the campers. Juan is using

People exposed to words related to high performance scored higher on a subsequent word puzzle than those exposed to neutral words. This demonstrates the concept of

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the availability heuristic?

Jayne has just seen a gory horror movie. Now she is afraid to walk past a dark alley on her way home. It seems that the movie activated a(n)

Rafael believes that all artists are creative, messy and poor. This is an example of a(n)

In the English language, we generally read from left to right. This rule about processing information is a(n)

A(n) ____________ is a script for well-known situations.

According to the textbook, a stereotype is an example of a(n)

Information can influence the availability heuristic in all of the following ways, EXCEPT

When an event is assumed as more likely to occur based on the extent that instances of the event are easily recalled is an example of

Most people think you are more likely to die from shark attack than from falling parts from an airplane, even though in the US, thirty (30) times more people die from being hit by a falling airplane piece than a shark attack. This error is explained through

When we judge something by comparing it to a prototype and deciding based on that comparison whether it fits that model or not, we are using

Because he was young, a non-smoker, and physically fit, the doctor diagnosed the man as suffering from stress and over exertion with chest pains rather than a heart attack. This error in judgment was most likely explained by

When we ignore the statistical frequency of an event, we tend to commit a

On the first day of class, many students assumed the well-dressed man in the front of the classroom was the teacher. This error would be explained by

Lynda excels in math, is on the Dean's list and is highly organized. When Michael first met Lynda, he assumed that she was an engineering student, even though there are few engineering students at the university. This is an example of

Giorgio wears glasses and likes to dress in conservative business suits. When people first meet him, they are surprised to learn that he is an artist, not an accountant. They are using

The saying “If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck” is a good example of

Even though Beth knew that only 2% of the students in class receive an A, she was confident that she would earn an A. This is an example of

When asked to make an estimate, one tends to choose a number similar to the reference point, an example of

When we rely on an initial reference point in determining our estimate we are utilizing

Research shows that those who won the Olympic bronze medal were happier than those who won the silver medal. One explanation for this would be

Ramone had six of the Lucky Seven Lotto numbers and talked about his misfortune for weeks. Ramone's tendency to think “if only” represents

Sometimes described as a “shoulda-woulda-coulda” moment, experiencing regret because you can imagine another scenario is an example of

Corina missed her flight by minutes and was much more upset than Michala, who missed her flight by over an hour. Corina’s distress can be explained by

________ thinking is the tendency to image alternative outcomes to various events.

When told that the Mississippi River was 100 miles long, students' estimates of its true length were shorter than the students who told it was 1,000 miles long. This is an example of

Using counter-factual thinking to reduce negative feelings after a negative event, one should

______________ is/are mental shortcuts that are used to form judgments and make decisions.

In which common shortcut do we rely on our instinct rather than objective information?

Recall the research where participants first drank lemonade sweetened with sugar (which increases blood sugar) or lemonade sweetened with sugar substitute, then had to make decisions. What did the researchers learn about blood sugar and use of heuristics?

______________ refers to mental structures that organize our knowledge about the world.

Lawrence's mother had a traumatic experience flying on Air Canada because of engine problems. Even though Lawrence knows that Air Canada has a strong safety record and no one else he knows has ever had problems with them, he refuses to fly with them. Why?

Research on priming suggests that if you were a Little League soccer coach, before a big game, you should

Jon is a pharmaceutical representative on his first day on the job. He is looking for a Dr. Smith, who he has been told is taking a lunch break in a room down the hall. He enters the room and finds it filled with four people. Using the representativeness heuristic, which of the following people would Jon be most likely to think is the doctor?

A(n) ____________ is the numerical frequency at which something occurs.

The _______________ heuristic starts with someone relying on an initial point to make an estimate, but then fail to move away from that point.

Malekai is asked to estimate whether he sleeps for more or less than 30 hours per week while Rhonda is asked whether she sleeps for more or less than 45 hours per week. What is likely to occur?

When you can easily imagine an alternative outcome to an event, you are engaging in

Why do you feel worse when you find out that the winning lottery ticket was sold at the same store where you usually buy your tickets than if you learn that the winning ticket was sold in another city?

According to research by Medvec and Savitsky (1997), which of the following students is likely to be the least satisfied with their grade?

According to the textbook, what is a real-world implication of counterfactual thinking?

As an “early-bird special”, the electronics store was selling a MP3 player (that is regularly $250) for $150, but only from 5am to 7am. After 7am, the price of the MP3 player was $200. Based on research on counterfactual thinking, who is likely to be LEAST satisfied with their purchase of that MP3 player?

Asking someone to imagine how a ________ event could turn out differently in the future reduces ________ feelings.

Decision making that occurs at an unconscious level and is entirely effortless and unintentional is also known as

When people use cognitive shortcuts that lead to errors in thinking about the world, they are engaging in

Gloria didn't know Mike's password to Facebook, but she tried his birthday, his apartment number, and his cell phone number and finally got it right. To solve this problem, Gloria was using

When you are talking about how people think about themselves and the social world, and in particular, how people select, interpret, and use information to make judgments about the world, you are referring to

Recent events are particularly likely to increase availability.

A type of decision-making process that occurs at an unconscious level and is entirely effortless and unintentional is known as _______.

Mental shortcuts are known as _______.

Thinking that is effortful, conscious, and intentional is known as _______ _______.

A decision-making shortcut in which we rely on our instinct instead of relying on more objective information is known as _______.

How we think about ourselves and the social world is known as _______ _______.

_______ _______ is a mental shortcut in which we make a judgment based on the ease with which we can bring something to mind.

______ are mental structures that organize our knowledge about the world and influence our interpretations about people and events.

The process by which recent experiences increase the accessibility of a given trait or concept is known as _______.

An error in availability and representativeness heuristics and in which one ignores the numerical frequency of events when estimating that likelihood is known as ______ _______.