WorksheetsPsychophysiological Methods in Neuroscience (Text & Quiz)
Total questions: 1
Worksheet time: 4hrs 0mins
Who was Phineas Gage?
A neuroscientist who developed psychophysiological methods
A railroad worker involved in an accident that contributed to neuroscience
A psychologist who studied mental events and behavior
A researcher who evaluated the meaning of experimental results
What part of Gage's brain was damaged in the accident?
Right frontal lobe
Left frontal lobe
Right parietal lobe
Left parietal lobe
What is psychophysiology defined as?
The study of psychological disorders
Any research in which the dependent variable is a physiological measure and the independent variable is behavioral or mental
The study of brain injuries
The study of human behavior
What are some examples of physiological measures mentioned in the text?
Blood pressure and body temperature
Blood flow or neural activity in the brain to heart rate variability and eye movements
Muscle strength and reflexes
Skin conductivity and respiratory rate
What do physiological measures help researchers understand?
Only physical health
Only mental health
Behavior, cognition, and health
Only emotional responses
Which of the following is an example of an invasive neuroscience method?
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI)
Injection of neutrally active chemicals
Noninvasive brain stimulation
Behavioral observation
What does psychophysiology primarily focus on?
Replacing physiological measures with mental events
Examining the relationship between physiology and overt behavior or mental events
Manipulating neural activity via electrical stimulation
Measuring the weight of the human brain
What is the purpose of using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) in psychophysiology research?
To manipulate neural activity via electrical stimulation
To view anatomical structures within a human
To measure the weight of the human brain
To inject neutrally active chemicals
What percentage of the body's energy does the human brain use?
10%
15%
20%
25%
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure?
Blood pressure
Neural activity directly
Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin
Heart rate
What is the term used when oxygen molecules have all been released from a hemoglobin molecule?
Oxygenated hemoglobin
Deoxygenated hemoglobin
Hemoglobin saturation
Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal
What does the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal indicate in fMRI?
Blood pressure changes
Neural activity directly
Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin
Heart rate changes
What is the relationship between temporal and spatial resolution in fMRI?
Direct relationship
Inverse relationship
No relationship
Both increase together
What does EEG measure?
Blood flow in the brain
Electrical activity in the brain
Magnetic fields in the brain
Chemical changes in the brain
What is the main advantage of EEG?
High spatial resolution
High temporal resolution
Noninvasiveness
Low cost
What is the purpose of electrocorticography (ECoG)?
To measure blood flow in the brain
To localize neural activity precisely
To measure magnetic fields in the brain
To record chemical changes in the brain
What is the primary advantage of MEG over EEG in terms of spatial resolution?
MEG has better temporal resolution.
MEG is less expensive.
MEG is less susceptible to distortions from the skull and scalp.
MEG uses fewer sensors.
What does the acronym PET stand for in medical imaging?
Positron Emission Tomography
Photon Emission Tomography
Proton Emission Tomography
Particle Emission Tomography
What is a positron?
A particle with a negative charge
A particle with no charge
A particle with a positive charge
A particle with a neutral charge
What is the main purpose of using special rooms for MEG measurements?
To increase the number of sensors used
To avoid contamination of the signal being measured
To reduce the cost of the equipment
To improve the temporal resolution
What does TMS stand for in the context of neuroscience methods?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Temporal Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial Muscle Stimulation
Temporal Muscle Stimulation
What is the effect of TMS on neurons near the scalp?
It causes muscle contraction
It causes depolarization or hyperpolarization
It measures skin conductance
It measures cardiovascular responses
What is neural plasticity?
The ability of neurons to conduct electricity
The ability of connections between neurons to change
The ability of neurons to produce muscle activity
The ability of neurons to measure skin conductance
Which of the following is NOT a method used to study the peripheral nervous system?
Skin conductance
Cardiovascular responses
Muscle activity
Positron emission tomography
Which system is responsible for controlling the sweat glands and increases in skin conductance?
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What does skin conductance allow researchers to investigate?
Heart rate variability
Electrical activity of muscles
Psychological activity
Blood pressure
Which nervous system input decreases heart rate and contractile strength?
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What is used to measure heart rate and heart rate variability?
Electromyography (EMG)
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electrooculography (EOG)
What does electromyography (EMG) measure?
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles
Skin conductance
What is often assessed using EMG electrodes placed just below the eyelid?
Eye blinks
Heart rate
Skin conductance
Blood pressure
What is pupil diameter commonly used as an index of?
Muscle strength
Mental effort
Blood pressure
Skin temperature
What should be properly defined to decide the most appropriate research method?
The available budget
The research question
The number of participants
The location of the study
Which part of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord?
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
What is deoxygenated hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin carrying oxygen.
Hemoglobin not carrying oxygen.
The oxygen-carrying portion of a red blood cell.
A change in a cell’s membrane potential.
What does depolarization refer to in a cell's membrane potential?
Making the inside of the cell more negative and decreasing the chance of an action potential.
Making the inside of the cell more positive and increasing the chance of an action potential.
The oxygen-carrying portion of a red blood cell.
Hemoglobin not carrying oxygen.
What is the oxygen-carrying portion of a red blood cell called?
Deoxygenated hemoglobin
Central nervous system
Hemoglobin
Lesions
What does hyperpolarization refer to in a cell's membrane potential?
Making the inside of the cell more positive and increasing the chance of an action potential.
Making the inside of the cell more negative and decreasing the chance of an action potential.
The oxygen-carrying portion of a red blood cell.
Hemoglobin not carrying oxygen.
What is an invasive procedure?
A procedure that involves the skin being broken or an instrument or chemical being introduced into a body cavity.
A procedure that does not involve breaking the skin or introducing instruments into body cavities.
A research method that deals with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain.
Abnormalities in the tissue of an organism usually caused by disease or trauma.
What are lesions?
The ability of synapses and neural pathways to change over time.
Abnormalities in the tissue of an organism usually caused by disease or trauma.
A research method that deals with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain.
Hemoglobin not carrying oxygen.
What is neural plasticity?
The ability of synapses and neural pathways to change over time and adapt to changes in neural process, behavior, or environment.
A research method that deals with the structure or function of the nervous system and brain.
Hemoglobin not carrying oxygen.
A change in a cell’s membrane potential, making the inside of the cell more positive.
What is a procedure that does not require the insertion of an instrument or chemical through the skin or into a body cavity?
Invasive procedure
Non-invasive procedure
Surgical procedure
Diagnostic procedure
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the stimulation of "rest and digest" activities?
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Peripheral nervous system
What is the part of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord called?
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What is a positron?
A particle with the same mass and negative charge as an electron
A particle with the same mass and positive charge as an electron
A particle with no mass and positive charge
A particle with no mass and negative charge
What does spatial resolution refer to?
The degree to which one can separate a single point in time from another
The degree to which one can separate a single object in space from another
The degree to which one can measure the intensity of light
The degree to which one can measure the speed of sound
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the stimulation of "fight or flight" activities?
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
Peripheral nervous system
What does temporal resolution refer to?
The degree to which one can separate a single point in time from another
The degree to which one can separate a single object in space from another
The degree to which one can measure the intensity of light
The degree to which one can measure the speed of sound
