He outlines four stages of cognitive development that children progress from birth to adulthood

He quote Evert time we teach a child something we keep him from inventing it himself

His theory emphasizes that children are not just passive recipients of knowledge but rather active explorers who construct their understanding through interaction with their environment

He is the proponent of Cognitive Development

birth to 2 years

Understands world through senses and actions

Understands world through language and mental images

Understands world through logical thinking and categories

Understands world hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning

he is the proponents of Social Constructivism

he developed a learning theory that emphasizes the crucial role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development

he said the posits knowledge is not passively received but actively build by individuals through social experiences and collaboration with others

is a learning theory that emphasizes the crucial role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development

the appropriation by the learners of the language and culture of a community

when a more capable individual interprets a learner's behavior helping them to modify that behavior into a representation with identical meaning

the phenomenon of talking out loud to ourselves learner's private speech

the cognitive level at which the learner is able to solve problems with the teacher's supervision or in collaboration with more capable peers

a British psychologist who introduced the concept of schema

known for his work on memory and how it is influenced by prior knowledge and experiences

he propose that our understanding of the world is shaped by mental frameworks

a core concept in cognitive science, describes how individuals organize, interpret and store information in their minds

proponents of Social Learning Theory

proposes that people learn through observing others, a process known as observational or modeling

he emphasizes that learning occur without direct reinforcement or punishment, suggesting a cognitive component where individuals form mental representations

he emphasizes that learning occur simply by watching others' behavior, attitudes and the consequence of those behaviors rather than solely through direct experience

theory that proposes that people learn through observing others, a process known as observational learning or modeling

stimuli focus

as a teacher we have to grab and keep the attention of the learner

rehearse encode

learners need to be able to remember and retain the knowledge for future use

practice feedback

ability to re-use what we have learned

reward reinforce

motivation to re-use that we've learned and can require reinforcement

also known as the enhanced basic education act of 2013 and K-12 Act

an act enhancing the Philippine basic education system by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education

an act institutionalizing the kindergarten education into the basic education system and appropriating funds

policy on the medium of instruction for kindergarten to Grad3 3 effective SY 2025-2026

to bridge the gap in the implementation and use of the Mother Tongue as medium of instruction

moves to discontinue the use of mother tongue as medium of instruction from kindergarten to the 1st 3 yrs of elementary

guidelines for the conduct of elections of the PTA at the school level and their federations

refers to the standardized system of writing within a language encompassing rules for spelling, punctuation and grammar

rules may vary between languages and evolve over time

conventions are often codified in dictionaries and style guides

rules of speech sounds, how phonemes are used

study of the sound systems of language

aspects of language related to the distinctive feature and reception of sounds language

rules of word structure how morphemes used

rules of sentence structure

part of the grammar that establish all the rules that preside the arrangement of words in a sentence

provides basic rules so we can create sentences

it helps to use the language proper way

rules of relating to the meaning of language

rules that occur within social situations

this principle emphasizes building new knowledge from what learners already know

teaching starts with familiar concepts or experiences

language and learning and academic content go hand in hand

teaching the mother tongue supports not only language skills but also mastery of academic concepts

teaching should promote HOTS such as analysis, evaluation, and synthesis beyond rote memorization

learning is most effective when students explore, experiment and discover concepts by themselves rather than passively receiving them

this principle focuses on engaging learners physically , mentally and emotionally

teaching should balance meaningful communication with correct language use

while learners should be encouraged to express ideas freely they also need to learn the correct forms, grammar and vocabulary

this principle recognizes that skills and knowledge acquired in the mother tongue can transfer to learning additional languages

learner's emotional and cultural connections to their language play a crucial role in motivation and identify formation