Standard x-ray machines produce about _____ µGya/mAs at 70 kVp measured at 100 cm SID.

X-ray intensity increases in direct proportion to increases in __________.

Quantity refers to:

If the distance from the source to the image (SID) is reduced by half, how is the x-ray

intensity at the image affected?

If filter thickness is _______, then x-ray intensity is ______.

A 10% increase in kVp has _______ effect on x-ray intensity than/as a 10% increase in mAs.

If the quantity of electrons hitting the target is doubled, the x-ray intensity is _________.

If a technologist changes the technique from 70 kVp @ 200 mAs to 70 kVp @ 400 mAs, the

x-ray intensity will _______.

If the intensity of a 70 kVp exposure at 20 mAs is 1.0 mGy_a, what would it be at 5 mAs?

If an exposure is 0.5 mGy_a at an SID of 40 inches, what would the exposure be at an SID of 60 inches?

X-ray intensity is proportional to _______.

The penetrability of an x-ray beam is called x-ray _________.

An x-ray beam that could pass through dense tissue would have high _________.

A low-quality beam would also have low _______.

Beam energy is affected by _________.

The half-value layer (HVL) of an x-ray beam is a measurement of beam _________.

Image contrast is affected by ________.

The two primary forms of x-ray interaction in the diagnostic range are _____________ .

An incident x-ray interacts with an atom without ionization during ______________ .

An outer-shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized during _________.

Which x-ray interaction involves the ejection of the K-shell electron?

The scattered x-ray from a Compton interaction usually retains _________ of the energy of the

incident photon.

Compton scatter is directed at ________ angle from the incident beam.

As kVp ________, the probability of photoelectric absorption ________.

In __________, there is complete absorption of the incident x-ray photon.

_______________ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear

medicine P.E.T. imaging.

Only at energies above 10 MeV can _________ take place.

When the mass density of the absorber is _________ , it results in ________ Compton

scatter.

K-shell binding energy increases with increasing _________.

Which has the greatest mass density?

Differential absorption in diagnostic imaging is primarily caused by _________.

Because of differential absorption, about _____% of the incident beam from the x-ray tube

contributes to the finished image.

Differential absorption is dependent on all of the following, except _____________.

Attenuation is caused by __________.

Barium is a good contrast agent because of its ___________.

The use of contrast agents increases the amount of ___________.

A negative contrast agent is _____.

Modern day computers use ________ to store information.

Computer hardware, categorized by its operation, includes all of the following, except __________.

The _______________ controls data transfer between the main memory and the input and

output hardware.

A CD, DVD, hard drive, flash drive, or cloud-based is used to __________.

The _______ represents zero or one.

Radio waves, light, and x-rays are all examples of ___________ energy.

In the included animation, what is the x-ray interaction shown?

In the included animation, what is the x-ray interaction shown?

In the included animation, what is the x-ray interaction shown? (It's a slow animation, so be sure to watch it all!)

In the included animation, what is the x-ray interaction shown?

What does the attached animation show?

What interactions of x-rays with matter cause ionization?

What interaction of x-ray with matter contributes the most to occupational radiation exposure?

Which x-ray interaction with matter occurs with x-ray energies below 10 keV?

A 70 keV x-ray ionizes an atom of barium by ejecting an O-shell electron with 12 keV of kinetic energy. If the O-shell electron has a binding energy of 0.04 keV, what is the energy of the scattered x-ray?

Ionizing radiation is capable of removing _______ from atoms as it passes through the matter.

The biggest source of man-made ionizing radiation exposure to the public is ___________.

What does ALARA mean?

FIltration is used to __________.

Aluminum has an atomic number of 13. How many protons does it have?

If the wavelength of a beam of electromagnetic radiation increases by a factor of 2, then its frequency must ________.

The reduction of radiation intensity due to scattering and absorption is called __________.

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its __________.

Photons tend to interact with matter _________ their wavelength.

Photons with the highest frequencies have the _______________.

The three main parts of the x-ray imaging system are the _______, _______, and ____________.

The autotransformer has ______ winding(s).

Thermionic emission at the filament determines the __________ across the x-ray tube during an exposure.

A step-down transformer is located in the ________ circuit.

If an exposure is made at 48 inches SID with 6 mAs, what mAs should be used to maintain IR exposure if the distance is increased to 72 inches to reduce magnification?

Because of the line focus principal, the effective focal spot size decreases with decreasing _____________.

What is the formula for heat units for a 3Φ, 6p x-ray machine?

kVp can also be referred to as:

mAs/mA can also be referred to with:

The x-ray beam changes as it travels through the patient by a process called:

The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of radiation and the person receiving it. This describes the:

Choose all of the following statements that are accurate pertaining to the role of kVp in radiographic image production (choose 3):

If SID is doubled, what may be said about receptor exposure?

If SID is reduced by one half, what must be done to mAs to maintain a constant receptor exposure?

The use of filtration:

Higher kVp increases the energy of the x-ray beam and will increase beam attenuation

______ is a process whereby some of the x-ray beam will be absorbed as well as pass through the anatomic part.

mAs directly control:

The x-ray emission spectrum consists of:

Which of the following are the two most common x-ray interactions in imaging?

What happens when you double mAs?

True or false: Bremsstrahlung is one of the five basic interactions with matter.

With Compton scattering, what happens to the scattered x-ray photon?

Which contributes the most to image fog?

During IP erasure, the IP is:

Film screen conventional radiography is ___________, CR (PSP) technology is ___________.

The europium activator with barium fluorohalide in the PSP enables:

True or false: The transistor is the most important development in the era of modern computing.

True or false: A computer’s CPU consists of a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU).

kVp controls

True or false: Fat has a higher atomic number than bone.

What is created as a result of a photoelectric interaction?

Laser beam diameter in CR readers is principally influential on:

What stimulates the phosphors in CR/PSP?

When kVp is increase, x-ray photon quantity:

Which of the following will increase x-ray quantity?

According to the 15/50% rule, a 15% increase in _______ should be accompanied by a 50% reduction in ______ to maintain the same receptor exposure.

True or false: An aluminum filter decreases the intensity of all energies of the x-ray beam.

Skin dose can be reduced primarily by:

Beam hardening occurs as a result of:

The four principal characteristics of medical images are:

A scanner takes an ____________photograph and turns it into a ____________ image.

True or false: A stored program has instructions stored in the computer's memory.

True or false: Radiographic images are processed by computer using batch processing.

At an x-ray photon energy of _____, pair production can occur.

_____________is an interaction between high-energy x-rays and the nucleus. The x-ray is absorbed by the nucleus, and a nuclear fragment is emitted.

True or false: Radiolucent matter easily stops x-ray transmission.

Increasing kVp increases:

As a beam passes through an absorber, the intensity is reduced due to:

True or false: In high kVp techniques for chest x-ray imaging, contrast is most dependent on patient body habitus/mass density.

True or false: Barium is more highly visible in radiographic imaging examinations than iodine based contrast media due to differences in contrast media concentration.

What technical factor would be best to image soft tissue because it promotes photoelectric effect in soft tissue?

True or false: Air contrast studies of the large bowel take advantage of differences in mass density for optimal imaging.

Approximately 25% of PSP latent image signal is lost after _____ hours.

Added filtration + inherent filtration =

Inherent filtration in an x-ray tube is approximately:

How much total filtration is required in an x-ray imaging system?