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AP Psych Unit 0: through non-experimental research

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who is known as the Father of Psychology?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

Carl Jung

d)

Ivan Pavlov

2.

What did Wilhelm Wundt combine with philosophy to create psychology?

a)

Literature

b)

Mathematics

c)

Science

d)

Art

3.

What does the term "Nature" refer to in the context of the Nature vs Nurture debate?

a)

Environmental influence

b)

Genetic influence

c)

External factors

d)

Social upbringing

4.

Which of the following is associated with "Nurture" in the Nature vs Nurture debate?

a)

Genes/inherited

b)

Genetic influence

c)

Environmental influence

d)

Biological factors

5.

Which perspective of psychology focuses on the influence of culture and social interactions?

a)

Biological

b)

Sociocultural

c)

Humanistic

d)

Evolutionary

6.

Which perspective of psychology emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and early life experiences?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Behavioral

c)

Psychodynamic

d)

Humanistic

7.

Which perspective of psychology is concerned with the physical and biological bases of behavior?

a)

Biological

b)

Cognitive

c)

Behavioral

d)

Sociocultural

8.

Which perspective of psychology focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization?

a)

Evolutionary

b)

Humanistic

c)

Cognitive

d)

Behavioral

9.

Which of the following is NOT an approach in psychology?

a)

Biological

b)

Cognitive

c)

Astrological

d)

Behavioral

10.

Which psychological approach emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and early life experiences?

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Cognitive

c)

Behavioral

d)

Evolutionary

11.

Which approach in psychology is concerned with the study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving?

a)

Cognitive

b)

Behavioral

c)

Humanistic

d)

Evolutionary

12.

Which approach focuses on how our genes affect our behavior and mental processes?

a)

A) Cognitive Perspective

b)

B) Behavioral Perspective

c)

C) Biological Perspective

d)

D) Humanistic Perspective

13.

What is cognitive neuroscience?

a)

The study of the mind (cognitive) and the study of the brain (neuroscience) combined

b)

The study of social interactions and behavior

c)

The study of physical health and fitness

d)

The study of emotional responses and feelings

14.

According to the Behavioral Perspective, where is all behavior learned from?

a)

Genetics

b)

Past experiences

c)

Environment

d)

Thoughts and feelings

15.

What is known as the "I knew it all along" phenomenon?

a)

Overconfidence

b)

Correlation

c)

Gambler's Fallacy

d)
Hindsight bias
16.

A flaw in human reasoning that means that humans tend to think they know more than they really do.

a)

Overconfidence

b)

Hindsight Bias

c)

Gambler's Fallacy

d)

Correlation

17.

Type of study where one individual or small group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

a)
Survey study
b)
Case study
c)
Longitudinal study
d)
Meta-analysis
18.

What is one limitation of a case study?

a)
Easy replication
b)
Unbiased results
c)
Limited sample size
d)

Limited generalizability (may not apply to others)

19.

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

a)
spontaneous monitoring
b)
uncontrolled watching
c)
naturalistic observation
d)
passive observation
20.

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

a)
The Hawthorne Effect is a type of placebo effect
b)
Individuals modify their behavior when they know they are being observed.
c)
The Hawthorne Effect only applies in laboratory settings
d)
Individuals do not change their behavior when observed
21.

What is one way a random sample for a survey can be obtained?

a)

Computer-generated name picker

b)
Stratified sampling
c)

Counting off 1, 2, 3, 4 & choosing all number 4s

d)

Assigning certain subjects to a control group and all others to an experimental group

22.

Which of the following is NOT a type of response bias in a survey?

a)

Wording Effect

b)

Correlation Effect

c)

Expectation Effect

d)

Social Desirability Effect

23.

Meta-analysis is a type of study that

a)

combines results from multiple studies to draw more accurate conclusions.

b)

ignores previous research findings.

c)

only considers results from one study.

d)

focuses on a single research paper.

24.

A correlation between two variables is positive when

a)

both variables increase or decrease together

b)

both variables do not change

c)
there is no relationship between the variables
d)
one variable increases while the other decreases
25.

What are the two strongest correlation coefficients?

a)
0 and 1
b)
0 and -1
c)
0 and 0
d)
+1 and -1
26.

What type of graph is used to show correlation?

a)
pie chart
b)
bar graph
c)
scatter plot
d)
line graph
27.

In a scatterplot, researchers use the ___________ of the line to determine if the relationship between the variables is positive or negative.

a)
slope
b)
standard error
c)
correlation coefficient
d)
intercept
28.

In a correlation scatterplot, the amount of scatter represents

a)
Strength of the relationship between the two variables
b)
Amount of outliers in the data
c)
Precision of the data points
d)
Time elapsed during data collection
29.

True or false: correlation and causation are the same thing.

a)
True
b)
Sometimes
c)
False
d)
Occasionally
30.

What are the only types of research studies that can show cause and effect?

a)

Experiments

b)
Case studies
c)
Observational studies
d)
Meta-analyses
31.

If a researcher wants to know how high school students feel about a later start time for the day, but he only asks high school girls, what problem does he have?

a)

Social Desirability Bias

b)

Sample Bias

c)

Random Sampling

d)

Wording Effect

32.

85% of teachers believe that they are in the top 20% for teaching effectiveness. This demonstrates which flaw in human cognition?

a)

hindsight bias

b)

overconfidence

c)

perceiving order

d)

Gambler's Fallacy

33.

Numerical data is considered

a)

quantitative.

b)

qualitative.

34.

In a research study, researchers noticed a positive correlation in the sale of ice cream and shark attacks. The sale of ice cream and number of shark attacks were the

a)

variables.

b)

random sample.

c)

bias.

d)

population.

35.

A restaurant owner wants to know how his customers enjoyed a new dish. After the customers eat the new dish, the owner visits the table and asks the customers to rank the new dish on a scale of 1-5. When he analyzes his results, he notices most of the customers gave the new dish a 1 or 2, meaning they did not like. This confused the owner because when he asked his staff the same question, they reported much higher numbers of liking the new dish. What type of bias is present in the staff's responses?

a)

Expectation Effect Bias

b)

Naturalistic Bias

c)

Sample Size Bias

d)

Wording Effect

36.

Pam wants to know what percentage of people in her city speed and run red lights. She sends a survey out to a randomly selected group of participants. When she analyzes the results, she notices that a much lower number of people reported speeding and running red lights when compared to the amount of traffic tickets that were written in her town. What type of response bias is present in the results?

a)

Wording Effect

b)

Social Desirability Bias

c)

Naturalistic Bias

d)

Random Sampling Bias

37.

Which psychological approach incorporates biology, psychology, and socio-cultural levels of analysis?

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Evolutionary

c)

Cognitive

d)

BioPsychoSocial

38.

True or false: The larger the sample size the better - as long as it is representative.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Sam wanted to know about how shoppers felt about a new store that was coming to the mall. To collect his data for his initial hypothesis, he stood outside of the Dillard's and asked shoppers who passed by him to respond to a couple of quick questions. What type of sampling did Sam conduct and would he be able to use this to draw a conclusion for his research.

a)

Random Assignment - no, there was no experiment.

b)

Random Assignment - yes, he randomly put people into two groups.

c)

Convenience Sampling - no, but it gives him a place to start his research.

d)

Convenience Sampling - yes, he can draw conclusions and publish his study based off of this alone.

40.

What correlation coefficient would most likely be represented in this scatterplot?

a)

+1.0

b)

-1.0

c)

+.80

d)

-.20