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Unit 1: Ecosystem Stability

Total questions: 231

Worksheet time: 4hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A pilot fish usually follows behind sharks to pick up food scraps that they leave behind. The fish gets food and the shark is unaffected. This is an example of:

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Decomposition

2.
A clownfish uses a sea anenome as a safe place to live. While living there, the clownfish lures in food for the anenome. This is an example of what type of relationship?
a)
Predator-Prey
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Parasitism
3.
When predator numbers decrease, prey numbers ____________ because fewer of them are being consumed.
a)
decrease
b)
increase
c)
stay the same
d)
divide in half
4.

A mongoose eating ticks off a warthog, or a starling eating ticks off a cow are examples of what type of symbiotic relationship?

a)

Cooperation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

5.

A feeding relationship where one organism hunts and one is hunted, such as a Lynx hunting a snowshoe hare, is known as:

a)

Commensalism

b)

Decomposistion

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predator-Prey

6.

The maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain:

a)

Prey

b)

Decomposer

c)

Carrying Capacity

d)

Commensalist

7.

An organism that helps to recycle nutrients within an ecosystem by eating dead or decaying organisms, such as a mushroom, is a:

a)

Predator

b)

Autotroph

c)

Producer

d)

Decomposer

8.

In the relationship between the Giant Trevally and the seabird, the seabird is the:

a)

Predator

b)

Decomposer

c)

Prey

d)

Autotroph

9.

A general term for a relationship that describes a close interaction between two different species is known as what?

a)

Biodiversity

b)

Symbiosis

c)

Predation

d)

Emigration

10.
A mosquito feeds off of the blood of different organisms. This usually causes discomfort to the organism and sometimes disease and death. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism
b)
Decomposition
c)
Commensalism
d)
Mutualism
11.

When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant. This is known as a relationship in which both organisms involved benefit, called:

a)

Predator-Prey

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Decomposition

12.

A relationship between two organisms where one benefits while the other is harmed is known as what?

a)

Decomposition

b)

Consummerism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Parasitism

13.

Another word for a plant that makes its own food using energy from sunlight…

a)

photosynthesis

b)

producer

c)

heterotroph

d)

carnivore

e)

herbivore

14.
What makes Fungi so unique when it comes to trophic levels?  
a)
They are producers so they can be high or low 
b)
They are consumers of only plants
c)
They are consumers of all types of organisms because they decompose 
d)
They are consumers of only the primary trophic level
15.

Which term describes this statement: All the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area

a)

Mutualism

b)

Community

c)

Commensalism

d)

Predator/Prey

16.

Organisms of two species using the same limited resource and having a negative impact on one another, such as hyenas and lions both hunting zebra, represent what type of relationship?

a)

commensalism

b)

predator-prey

c)

mutualism

d)

competition

17.

A symbiotic relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is unaffected, such as ants living in a tree, or birds nesting in a tree, is known as:

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

community

18.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a)

A 'host' is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest

b)

Interactions between two or more species are called interspecific interactions

c)

Many apparent commensalistic relationships actually turn out to be slightly mutualistic or slightly parasitic when we look at them more closely.

d)

There is Always a clear division between symbiotic relationships.

19.

The Brown-headed Cowbird is a _________ parasite, meaning that it lays its eggs in nests of other species. The foster parents then unknowingly raise the young cowbirds, usually at the expense of their own offspring.

a)

host

b)

decomposing

c)

brood

d)

mutual

20.

Type of relationship: A wolf eating a rabbit.

a)

Predator/prey

b)

Parasite/host

c)

Producer/consumer

d)

Competitors

21.

Type of relationship: cow eating grass.

a)

Predator/prey

b)

Parasite/host

c)

Producer/consumer

d)

Competitors

22.

In a predator-prey relationship, when the population of the predator increases, the population of the prey will ____________.

a)

Increase

b)

Remain Stable

c)

Decrease

d)

Change unpredictably

23.

A honeybee and flower relationship in which the flower provides nectar for the honey and the honey can help pollinate other flowers is an example of ________________.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

24.

An organism that obtains energy from consuming the bodies of other organisms is known as a:

a)

Mutualist

b)

Autotroph

c)

Producer

d)

Heterotroph

25.
______________ occurs when more than one individual or population tries to use the same limited resource.
a)
Niche
b)
Predator-prey
c)
Availability
d)
Competition
26.
A group of particular organisms that belong to the same species that live in the same habitat is known as a:
a)
Population
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Biome
27.

Which of the following is true about competition?

a)

Controls population size

b)

Ensures everyone eats

c)

Keeps everyone happy

d)

Is only between 2 males

28.

Wasps often lay their eggs just inside the eggs of butterflies. The wasp larva (baby wasps) are able to get lots of nutrients and protection from the butterfly/caterpillar egg while its developing. After the caterpillar is born, the wasps continue lurking in the flesh of the caterpillar, soaking up more nutrients and drinking its blood. The wasp larva must keep its host alive, so it avoids damaging the vital organs.

What type of symbiosis is being described?

a)

predator/prey

b)

competition

c)

commensalism

d)

parasitism

29.

The animal in an ecological relationship that results in another animal being hunted, killed, and eaten…

a)

autotroph

b)

habitat

c)

predator

d)

herbivore

e)

producer

30.

The non-living part of the natural environment where an animal, plant or other organism lives…

a)

niche

b)

habitat

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

e)

biosphere

31.

This is the job or role of a specific organism within its habitat...

a)

producer

b)

prey

c)

carnivore

d)

niche

e)

photosynthesis

32.

The name of the process that producers use to make their own food…

a)

respiration

b)

commensalism

c)

food chains

d)

photosynthesis

e)

symbiosis

33.

This is transferred between organisms in a food chain and is represented by arrows…

a)

nutrients

b)

photosynthesis

c)

niche

d)

energy

e)

food web

34.

Another word for a plant or other producer that makes its own food using energy from sunlight…

a)

photosynthesis

b)

autotroph

c)

consumer

d)

carnivore

e)

herbivore

35.

What is the term used to describe ALL of the populations of ALL the species of living organisms within a particular habitat?

a)

savanna

b)

wildlife

c)

community

d)

habitat

e)

ecosystem

36.

Where does the energy come from initially for this food chain to work?

a)

Plants

b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
37.

What is the relationship shown?

a)

Predation

b)

Commensalism

c)

Competition

d)

Parasitism

e)

Mutualism

38.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
autotroph
b)
producer
c)
heterotroph
d)
mutualist
39.
An organism that lives by breaking apart dead organic matter into simpler parts is...
a)
scavenger
b)
consumer
c)
decomposer
d)
carnivore
40.
In this image, the grass is the ______________.
a)
Primary Consumer
b)
Secondary Consumer
c)
Heterotroph
d)
Producer
41.
The primary consumer in this food chain is the ____________.
a)
Frog
b)
Eagle
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Python
42.
Which of the animals in this food web is a secondary consumer?
a)
Hawk
b)
Lizard
c)
Mouse
d)
Snake
43.
Which animal is a tertiary consumer?
a)
Jackal
b)
Wild Cat
c)
Lion
d)
Owl
44.
The smallest part of the ecosystem is always the ____________.
a)
Primary Producers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Primary Consumers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
45.
The largest part of an ecosystem is always the ________________.
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Primary Producers
c)
Quarternary Consumers
d)
Secondary Consumers
46.

Organisms who are members of the same species in an ecosystem.

a)

Organism

b)

Population

c)

Organ

d)

Community

47.

Group of populations in an area.

a)

Organism

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Community

d)

Biosphere

48.

A biological community that includes various species and their physical environment (Biotic and Abiotic Factors).

a)

Organism

b)

Community

c)

Biosphere

d)

Ecosystem

49.
Andrea is on the grils cross country tream. She is heading out for a run when she comes across 20 Canadian geese.  What level of organization is this group of Canadian geese?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
biome
50.
Abby is walking to school with her best friend Jaylyn. They begin talking about everything they see including the ash trees, grass, weeds, ants, and people. They also notice how cold it is, how there are several large puffy clouds out, and how the sun is just starting to come up.  What level of organization are they discussing?
a)
community
b)
ecosystem
c)
biome
d)
biosphere
51.

The diagram shows part of an aquatic food web for a stable lake ecosystem in Connecticut. What is the source of energy for the algae?

a)

waves

b)

sunlight

c)

bacteria

d)

rotifers, water fleas and tadpoles

52.

For the food chain shown, which of the following changes would have the most severe consequences?

a)

a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing a drought

b)

the poaching of predatory hawks by game hunters

c)

the introduction of a second predator that eats field mice

d)

a parasitic infestation that reduces the cricket population

53.
What might happen if you remove a primary consumer from the ecosystem?
a)

There would be more food for secondary consumers.

b)

The number of primary consumers would increase.

c)

The number of plants would increase.

d)

The number of secondary consumers would increase.

54.

All energy on Earth ultimately comes from what source? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Water
Sun
Consumers
Oxygen
55.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
56.
An organism that uses sunlight to create its own food is known as a:
a)
Producer
b)
Heterotroph
c)
Consumer
d)
Decomposer
57.
Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?
a)
Hawk
b)
Spider
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Shrew
58.

Which of the following is a food chain in the food web?

a)

Rabbit, mountain lion, fox

b)

Grass, grasshopper, frog, snake, hawk

c)

Grass, caterpillar, robin, mountain lion

d)

Tree, deer, mountain lion, fox

59.

Which of the following is defined as a consumer that must get its food from a different source than itself?

a)

Producer

b)

Heterotroph

c)

Autotroph

d)

Homotroph

60.

What is the purpose of a decomposer?

a)

To break down dead materials and waste from consumers

b)

Eat living organisms

c)

Perform photosynthesis to make carbohydrates

d)

Make carbohydrates using chemical energy.

61.

A food web is a single linear path showing the flow of energy from one organism to another. It is not an interconnected relationship diagram of organisms in a community.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

62.
Question Image

Match the following:

a)

Producer/Autotroph

1.

Plant

b)

Secondary Consumer

2.

Bird

c)

Tertiary Consumer

3.

Snake

d)

Top Predator

4.

Owl

e)

Herbivore

5.

Grasshopper

63.
In a food web, arrows point at:
a)
who gets energy.
b)
who gets eaten.
64.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a ecosystem.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
65.
What percentage of energy is passed on to each trophic level?
a)
10%
b)
50%
c)
90%
d)
100%
66.

Why is some energy not passed on to the next trophic level?

a)

The organisms at each level use about 90% of the available energy to live.

b)

The statement is NOT true. All energy IS passed from one trophic level to the next.

c)

The organisms at each level use about 10% of the available energy to live.

d)

Most energy is absorbed by the soil instead.

67.

Only 10% of the energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next. 90% is lost as heat due to cellular respiration or waste.

a)

Tertiary Consumer

b)

Biotic Factor

c)

Abiotic Factor

d)

10% Rule

68.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
69.

Which is a SECONDARY CONSUMER in this food web?

a)

Snake

b)

Mouse

c)

Grass

d)

Wildflowers

70.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
71.

Using the food web pictured, how many trophic levels does this energy pyramid have ?

a)

5

b)

6

c)

3

d)

4

72.
What does the arrow in a food chain or food web mean?
a)
A series of steps in which organisms transfer (move) energy by eating and being eaten.
b)
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms.
c)
Shows what eats what and consists of many food chains in an ecosystem
d)

The transfer (movement) of energy in one direction.

73.

What is the correct order of trophic levels that we see in a food chain, food web, or energy pyramid?

a)

producers --> primary consumers --> secondary consumers --> tertiary consumers

b)

tertiary consumers --> secondary consumers --> primary consumers --> producers

c)

primary consumers --> producers --> secondary consumers --> tertiary consumers

74.

A (a)   is a model representing the many interconnected feeding relationships and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms

75.

The image depicts a (a)   .

76.

The image depicts a (a)   .

77.

This image depicts a (a)   .

78.

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms.

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

79.
An organism that can make its own food is called?
a)
Consumer
b)
Producer
c)
Decomposer
d)
Herbivore
80.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
81.
How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
50%
d)
100%
82.
Cannot make its own food
a)
heterotroph
b)
autotroph
c)
producer
d)
decomposer
83.

If only 10% of the energy in the pyramid is available as you move from one trophic level to the next, what happens to the other 90%?

a)

Passed on to decomposers

b)

Metabolized and "lost" as heat energy and waste

c)

Assembled into tissues of producers permanently

d)

False statement - 100% of the energy is available

84.
A decomposer?
a)

breaks down dead plants or animals and breaks down to put nutrients in the soil

b)
Eats plants or other animals for food
c)
Makes its own food
d)
Machine that gathers trash
85.

Match the following.

a)

Producer

1.

Makes its own food

b)

Consumer

2.

Consume other organisms for food

c)

Decomposer

3.

Breaks down dead organisms into nutrients

86.

The level in an Ecological pyramid that includes all the organisms that share the same place in a food chain.

a)

Trophic Levels

b)

Toxic Levels

c)

KeKe Levels

d)

Environmental Systems

87.

Matter is passed up the ecological pyramid in a similar way to energy but recycled by decomposers and detritivores. This Biomass pyramid roughly follows the 10% rule as well.

a)

Flow of energy

b)

Flow of matter

c)

Ecological Hysteria

d)

Producers

88.

What are "apex predators?"

a)

primary consumers

b)

top predators

c)

producers

89.

homeostasis (in an ecosystem)

a)

The number of different species in an area

b)

An environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing

c)

ecosystem has to maintain stable condition in order for all organisms to survive

d)

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

90.

keystone species

a)

a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

b)

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

c)

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

d)

a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

91.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

92.

One of the defining ​​ characteristics of a ​ (a)   species is that it fills a critical ​ (b)   role that no other ​ (c)   can. Without them, the entire ​ (d)   would radically change-or cease to ​ (e)   altogether.

Choose from the below words
keystone
ecological
species
ecosystem
exist
93.

Place the energy in the correct order from the bottom of the pyramid to the top.

a)

100 kg, 10000 kg, 1 kg

b)

1 kg, 10 kg, 100 kg, 1000 kg

c)

1000 kg, 100 kg, 10 kg, 1 kg

d)

10 kg, 100 kg, 1000 kg, 1 kg

94.
diagram that shows the energy available to each trophic level in an ecosystem; 10% is passed on to upper levels, the rest is lost as heat
a)
succession 
b)
cellular respiration
c)
energy pyramid
d)
biochemical cycle
95.

What process converts nitrogen gas into a biologically useful (fixed) form?

a)

Respiration

b)

Assimilation

c)

Denitrification

d)

Nitrogen fixation

96.

Which organisms play the largest role in converting nitrogen into various usable forms and back to a gas form?

a)

rabbits

b)

bacteria

c)

plants

d)

worms

97.

How do animals get nitrogen to make important biological molecules?

a)

Breathe it in through the air

b)

Fix it from nitrogen gas

c)

Consume other organisms

d)

Assimilate it through the soil

98.

Which of the following cannot fix nitrogen?

a)

lightning

b)

fertilizer production

c)

combustion

d)

rain

99.

Which of the following is not a possible process that results in ammonification?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

decomposition

c)

nitrogen fixation

d)

fertilizer production

100.

Carbon moves between which two reservoirs through the process of diffusion?

a)

atmosphere & biosphere

b)

atmosphere & lithosphere

c)

lithosphere & biosphere

d)

hydrosphere & atmosphere

101.

What happens to carbon during the process of photosynthesis?

a)

CO2 is released by plants

b)

CO2 is taken up by plants

c)

organic carbon is taken up through plant roots

d)

carbon is lost through heat

102.

All the gases surrounding Earth are known collectively as the...

a)

hydrosphere

b)

biosphere

c)

atmosphere

d)

lithosphere

103.

The process of breathing in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide into the air (or water) is...

a)

Assimilation

b)

Decomposition

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Respiration

104.

Which of the following best describes weathering and erosion?

a)

when it rains on rocks

b)

decay of dead organisms

c)

break down of rocks that wash into the water

d)

when a volcano erupts

105.

Which of the following best describes the Greenhouse Effect?

a)

when solar radiation reflects off the atmosphere

b)

heat is retained in Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases

c)

plants grow better when a greenhouse is filled with CO2

d)

when solar radiation hits Earth's surface directly

106.

Which gas is most abundant in the atmosphere?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

methane

c)

nitrous oxide

d)

nitrogen gas

107.

Which of the following does NOT release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

a)

volcanic activity

b)

respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

fossil fuel combustion

108.

The most abundant Greenhouse Gas in the atmosphere is...

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

nitrogen gas

c)

nitrate

d)

oxygen

109.

The process of making nitrites and nitrates is...

a)

denitrification

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

nitrification

d)

ammonification

110.

What does denitrification do?

a)

converts fixed nitrogen into nitrogen gas

b)

converts nitrogen gas into fixed nitrogen

c)

makes nitrates

d)

makes ammonia

111.

Which of the following is not a form of fixed nitrogen?

a)

ammonia

b)

nitrogen gas

c)

nitrate

d)

nitrite

112.

Which of the following best describes the movement of nitrogen between reservoirs in the process of assimilation?

a)

from the soil into plants

b)

from the air into plants

c)

from the air into soil

d)

from soil into animals

113.

The process that releases carbon and nitrogen into the soil through decay is...

a)

erosion

b)

photosynthesis

c)

decomposition

d)

assimilation

114.

Which of the following would not be included in the hydrosphere?

a)

ocean

b)

trees

c)

surface water

d)

groundwater

115.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
116.

How does carbon in a grass plant get into a lion?

a)

The lion eats an antelope that ate the grass

b)

Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion.

c)

The lion absorbs the carbon given off by transpiration

d)

The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant

117.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
118.
The average temperature of the surface of Earth has increased approximately 1°C in the past century. Which reason best explains this increase in temperature?
a)
lower levels of ozone in the atmosphere
b)
lower levels of nitrogen in the atmosphere
c)
higher levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
d)
higher levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
119.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
120.

Which describes the relationship between plants and animals in the carbon cycle?

a)

Plants produce and release oxygen that animals need

b)

Plants produce and release carbon dioxide that animals need

c)

Animals produce and release oxygen that plants need

d)

Animals produce oxygen that plants turn into carbon dioxide

121.
Organisms that need nitrogen to survive
a)
only plants
b)
only animals
c)
only bacteria
d)
all living organisms
122.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
123.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
124.

features of environment that are alive or were once alive

a)

biotic

b)

abiotic

c)

inbiotic

d)

biography

125.

How nitrogen is "fixed" into useable form for plants

a)

only through action of bacteria

b)

only through lightning

c)

through action of bacteria & lightning

d)

through photosynthesis

126.

What part of the carbon cycle is represented by A?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

decomposition

c)

combustion

d)

cellular respiration

127.

What part of the carbon cycle is represented by cow releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

decomposition

c)

respiration

d)

combustion

128.

What part of the carbon cycle is represented by C?

a)

combustion

b)

decomposition

c)

cellular respiration

d)

photosynthesis

129.

What part of the carbon cycle is represented by factories burning fossil fuels?

a)

combustion

b)

cellular respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

decomposition

130.
What is a decomposer?
a)
Organism that makes its own energy
b)
Organism that breaks down dead organisms
c)
Organism that eats other organisms for food & energy
131.

Which of the following organisms is a producer?

a)

grass

b)

rabbit

c)

fox

d)

snake

132.

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?

a)

grass

b)

rabbit

c)

fox

d)

snake

133.

Which of the following organisms is a herbivore?

a)

grass

b)

rabbit

c)

fox

d)

snake

134.
A frog eats a fly. The frog and fly are demonstrating ________.
a)
mutualism
b)
competition
c)
predator/prey
d)
parasitism
135.
Identify the correct food chain that demonstrates the energy flow of this food web
a)
Plant > Caterpillar > Bluebird > Eagle
b)
Plant > Lizard > Snail
c)
Plant >Lizard > Snail >Eagle
d)
Eagle >Lizard>Caterpillar>Plant
136.

In this food web, the lion is a _________________

a)

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Tertiary Consumer

137.

In this food web, the skunk is a ________________________

a)

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Tertiary Consumer

138.

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

a)

the same species in a general location

b)

the number of different species in a given area

c)

the number of animal species in a given area

d)

the number of plant species in a given area

139.

A species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately is known as

a)

threatened species

b)

endemic species

c)

keystone species

d)

endangered species

140.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


Invasive carp are fast-growing, aggressive, and adaptable fish that are outcompeting native fish species for food and habitat in much of the mid-section of the United States.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

141.
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a)
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b)
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c)
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d)
d. Recreational hunting
142.
Why are invasive species such a problem in their new ecosystem?
a)
a. The new ecosystem isn�t adapted to their presence
b)
b. The new ecosystem is probably weaker than the native one
c)
c. They have mutations making them more adapted to the new ecosystem
d)
d. They cause mutations in the native species
143.
Scientists think people have directly caused the extinction of some species through ______________.
a)
habitat destruction
b)
poaching
c)
pollution
d)
All of these
144.
How can humans best help an endangered species avoid extinction?
a)
they can feed the animals
b)
they can put the animals in a zoo
c)
they can protect the animal’s habitat
d)
they can take the animal to new habitats
145.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


Humans produce an excessive amount of artificial light which can interfere with natural cycles of light/dark in an environment and can confuse animals.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

146.

How is the current decline in biodiversity different from the previous mass extinctions that Earth has experienced?

a)

It is happening much more slowly

b)

This time it is not really happening

c)

It is made worse by an asteroid hitting Earth

d)

This is being caused by humans

147.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which humans are destroying habitats?

a)

Gathering rain water to use to water crops

b)

Clearing out prairies to grow a single crop

c)

Cutting trees to use as toilet paper

d)

Building a shopping mall with a large parking lot

148.

The excessive use of species that have economic value is known as

a)

pollution

b)

habitat destruction

c)

over - exploitation

d)

climate change

149.

What is an invasive species?

a)

An organism that is new to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

b)

An organism that is native to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

c)

An organism that is new to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

d)

An organism that is native to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

150.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


The zebra mussel is outcompeting native species and causing damage in the Missouri River.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

151.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


As more people are added to the Earth, more resources are required to meet their needs.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

152.
Humans are causing extiction in which ways?
a)
By over hunting animals for food or products.
b)
By destroying the natural habitat of species.
c)
By polluting the environments of the world.
d)
All of the above.
153.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


The albatross are dying from eating plastic items that look like food.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

154.

Which applies to this environmental problem:


Shark fin soup is consumed by millions of people in South East Asia.

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Population Growth

e)

Over-exploitation

155.
Which of these describes a species that has become extinct?
a)
fewer members of the species are dying than being born
b)
more members of the species are dying than being born
c)
very few members of a species are alive
d)
all members of a species have died
156.

The hottest spots for species diversity are close to the _____________.

a)

Coast

b)

Florida

c)

Equator

d)

Poles

157.

True or False: Human beings are wiping out species much faster than nature creates them, causing what scientists call a "6th extinction"

a)

true

b)

false

158.

If a scientist in New Zealand was studying how a group of herbivores interacted with a group of omnivores, and all of their abiotic surroundings, what level of ecology would she be studying? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Community
Population
Species
Ecosystem
Biome
159.

If there are 100 KJ of energy available at the secondary consumer level, how many KJ of energy are available at the producer level?

(a)  

160.

In this energy pyramid, which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants? (a)  

Choose from the below words
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Secondary Consumer
161.

Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Then, the honey guide birds eat as well.

(a)  

162.

Vines grow on a tree. The vines get light but the tree is not affected. What kind of relationship is this?

(a)  

163.

The fox in this food web would be considered a: (a)  

Choose from the below words
Tertiary Consumer
Producer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
164.

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

a)

Grasses and ants

b)

Ants and grasshoppers

c)

Grasshoppers and Texas Cottonmouths

d)

Texas cottonmouths and red shouldered hawks

165.

Match the following

a)

Decomposer

1.

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

b)

Predator

2.

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

c)

Producer

3.

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

d)

Consumer

4.

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; heterotroph

e)

Parasite

5.

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism

166.
What is missing from this food chain?
Grass > Grasshopper > Bird > Snake
a)
Producer
b)
Primary Consumer
c)
Secondary Consumer
d)
Decomposer
167.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
168.
Which of the following leads to a decrease in biodiversity?
a)
protection of ecosystems
b)
pollution control
c)
selective cutting
d)
introduction of exotic or invasive species
169.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
170.
Why do living things need nitrogen?
a)

To get energy

b)

To make amino acids

c)

To make proteins

d)

To make carbohydrates

171.
What happens during the process of nitrogen-fixation?
a)
Nitrogen compounds turn into free nitrogen
b)
Free nitrogen turns into nitrogen compounds
172.
What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?
a)

bacteria

b)

fungi

c)

rain

d)

plants

173.

How has the invasion of pythons affected the everglades ecosystem in terms of species numbers?

a)

The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.

b)

The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.

c)

The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.

d)

The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

174.

Select the decomposer(s).

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
175.

Select the secondary consumer(s).

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
176.

Select the primary consumer(s).

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
177.
All the organisms of the same species that live in the same area are called a ______.
a)
Group
b)
Population
c)
Herd
d)
Cluster
178.
The lion is the natural predator of the zebra. If the zebra population drops, the lion population will most likely
a)
drop
b)
thrive
c)
be unaffected
d)
decrease, then increase exponentially
179.

A partial food web is shown above.

Which of the following will most likely occur if the grouse population decreases?

a)

The butterfly population will increase.

b)

The red-tailed hawk population will increase.

c)

Emigration of grizzly bears and deer will increase.

d)

Competition between grizzly bears and deer will increase.

180.
Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?
a)
Hawk
b)
Spider
c)
Grasshopper
d)
Shrew
181.
Which of the following is a herbivore?
a)
cricket
b)
frog
c)
hawk
d)
shrew
182.
How many carnivores are shown in this food web?
a)
6
b)
4
c)
5
d)
3
183.
Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?
a)
There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
b)
There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
c)
There would be a decrease in the mice population.
d)
There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.
184.
How much energy is passed on to the next trophic level?
a)
100%
b)
10%
c)
1%
d)
0%
185.

If there are 100 KJ of energy available at the secondary consumer level, how many KJ of energy are available at the producer level?

a)

10 KJ

b)

1,000 KJ

c)

10,000 KJ

d)

1 KJ

186.
Plants receive 4500 cal from the sun. How many calories will a primary consumer receive?
a)
4500
b)
4.5
c)
45
d)
450
187.

1. Why is it unusual for a large number of organisms to be present at the top of an ecological pyramid?





a)

A. Animals at the top of the pyramid are the largest.

b)

B. Animals at the top have shorter lives.

c)

C. The amount of energy available by the time the top of the pyramid is reached is not enough to sustain many individuals.

d)

D. Humans are most interested in hunting animals occupying the top level of the ecological pyramid.

188.

Reorder the following from sun to tertiary consumer

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
189.

Match the following

a)

1.

Food Web

b)

2.

Food Chain

c)

3.

FLOW OF ENERGY

190.

Carbon ​ (a)   is a greenhouse gas. That means that it traps ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
dioxide
heat
monoxide
cold
191.

Label the following Carbon cycle.

a)sunlight
b)photosynthesis
c)animals breathing (respiration)
d)fossil fuels
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
192.

Label the following Carbon cycle.

a)dead animals
b)factory emmisions
1
2
1)
2)
193.

The amount of energy the producers in this energy pyramid provide the primary consumer is 54,000 joules. Based on this model, how much of the energy was provided to secondary consumers?

a)

53,460 J

b)

5,400 J

c)

540 J

d)

54 J

194.

Part of a hydrothermal vent food web is represented in the diagram. Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this food web?

a)

Chemosynthetic bacteria and amphipods

b)

Zooplankton and mussels

c)

Ratfish and octopuses

d)

Galatheid crabs and zoarcid fish

195.

Which type of organisms produce the most amount of energy?

a)

Producers

(plants)

b)

Primary Consumers

(grass hopper)

c)

Secondary Consumers

(spider)

d)

Tertiary

Consumer

(bird)

196.

What percent of energy is gained between each tropic level on the energy pyramid?


Type answer as _ _%

(a)  

197.

Developers bulldozed a forest to build a new subdivision. How does this effect the atmosphere?

a)

Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere

b)

An increase in animal respiration would increase the release of carbon dioxide in the area

c)

More sugars and starches would be available for animals in the area

d)

There would be no change in the atmosphere

198.

Which of these organisms would be placed at the top of an energy pyramid?

a)

Racoon

b)

Eastern mud turtle

c)

American Alligator

d)

Southern leopard frog

199.

Label the biological levels of organization.

a)organism
b)population
c)community
d)ecosystem
1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
200.

Our bodies have levels of organization that build upon each other. Our ​ (a)   make up tissues, ​ (b)   make up organs, and organs make up ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
cells
tissues
organ systems
organism
201.

Deer consume many different kinds of vegetation. Coyotes are known to eat deer. When a coyote dies, bacteria help break down the dead animal. What role do bacteria play in this environment?

a)

Producer

b)

Decomposer

c)

Photosynthesizer

d)

Consumer

202.

Look at the food web diagram.

Based on the diagram, which would be a reasonable flow of energy in the ecosystem.

a)

Sun ---> plant seeds ---> deer

b)

Plant seeds ---> field mouse ---> robin

c)

Eagle ---> deer ---> plant seeds

d)

Grass ---> deer ---> mountain lion

203.

Select the secondary consumer.

A
B
C
204.

Which level of organization is a community of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things that interact with each other?

a)

Population

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Community

d)

Biosphere

205.

A student makes a model to represent the levels of biological organization, as shown.

If the top of the pyramid represents the basic unit of life, how should each section be labeled?

a)organism
b)cell
c)tissue
d)organ
e)organ system
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
206.

A table with four organisms and their primary role in an ecosystem is shown.

Based on the table, which trophic pyramid is correct?

a)

b)

c)

d)

207.

Match the following levels of classification to their definitions:

a)

1 individual

1.

Organism

b)

All the same species

2.

Population

c)

All the different living things

3.

Community

d)

All the biotic and abiotic things

4.

Ecosystem

208.

In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?

a)

Producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Top Predator

209.

Name that ecological level!

a)

Biome

1.

A grassland.

b)

Bioshpere

2.

All of Earth.

c)

Population

3.

A school of clownfish in an anemone.

d)

Community

4.

All of the living things in Lake Ida.

e)

Organism

5.

Shamu the whale.

210.

Drag each vocabulary word UNDER the picture that best describes it.

a)

Organism

b)

Population

c)

Community

d)

Ecosystem

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
211.

Match the following

a)

feeds only other animals

1.

carnivore

b)

feeds only on plants

2.

herbivore

c)

feeds on both plants and animals

3.

omnivore

d)

feeds on dead organisms

4.

decomposer

e)

feeds itself

5.

producer

212.

Match the following organism with an example

a)

Grasses

1.

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

2.

Eats producers

c)

Secondary Consumer

3.

Eats herbivores

d)

Decomposer

4.

Fungi

213.

Match the following consumers and producers?

a)

producer

1.

make its own food through the sun

b)

decomposers

2.

gets energy/nutrients from dead matter

c)

carnivore

3.

gets energy from eating meat

d)

omnivore

4.

gets energy from eating meat and vegetation

e)

herbvivore

5.

gets energy from eating vegetation

214.

Match the following

a)

eats only plants

1.

herbivore

b)

eats only dead, decaying organisms

2.

scavenger

c)

eats other animals

3.

carnivore

d)

gets nutrients from breaking down the remains of other organisms

4.

decomposer

e)

eats both plants and animals

5.

omnivore

215.

Match the following

a)

Beneficial bacteria in our gut

1.

Mutualism

b)

Bacterial infection in an open wound

2.

Parasitism

c)

Bacteria on our skin

3.

Commensalism

d)

Different bacteria filling in any open space first

4.

Competition

e)

Shellfish feading on bacteria through filtration

5.

Predation

216.

Match the relationship to its example

a)

Mutualism

1.

The oxpecker gets a free ride on the zebra's back, the zebra gets bugs removed

b)

Commensalism

2.

Tree fogs use plants as projection at no expense to the plant

c)

Parasitism

3.

A mosquito feeds off of your blood. You are left with an itchy bug bite

d)

Competition

4.

The long horned rams fight for breeding territory

e)

Predation

5.

A shark consumes a swordfish for energy

217.

Match the following types of relationships to their descriptions:

a)

Both organisms are harmed by fighting over a resource

1.

Competition

b)

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

2.

Parasitism

c)

One organism benefits while the other remains neutral

3.

Commensalism

d)

Both organisms benefit (help each other)

4.

Mutualism

218.

Match the following types of relationships to their descriptions:

a)

Both organisms are harmed by fighting over a resource

1.

Competition

b)

One organism benefits at the expense of the other

2.

Parasitism

c)

One organism benefits while the other remains neutral

3.

Commensalism

d)

Both organisms benefit (help each other)

4.

Mutualism

219.

The arrows in a food chain or web represents (a)   .

Choose from the below words
They point to the organism that is
It shows how sunlight flows within
They show what direction the energy
They represent how water is transfe
220.

Name that ecological level!

a)

Biome

1.

A grassland.

b)

Bioshpere

2.

All of Earth.

c)

Population

3.

A school of clownfish in an anemone.

d)

Community

4.

All of the living things in Lake Ida.

e)

Organism

5.

Shamu the whale.

221.

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming FROM them in a food web?

a)

More than one organism may eat them.

b)

They may eat more than one other organism.

c)

This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

222.

The pearlfish receives protection from predators by living inside a sea cucumber. The sea cucumber is not affected during this interaction. This ecological relationship is known as -

a)

predator-prey because the pearlfish is prey to the sea cucumber

b)

mutualism because only the pearlfish benefits in this ecological relationship

c)

parasitism because the pearlfish causes harm to the host sea cucumber

d)

commensalism because only the pearlfish benefits while the sea cucumber is not affected

e)

competition because the sea cucumber and pearlfish often fight for living space

223.

The study of the relationships of organisms and their environment

a)

Ecology

b)

Population

c)

Biosphere

224.

Any living factor in an organism

a)

Biosphere

b)

Biotic Factor

c)

Abiotic Factor

225.

Any non living factors in an organisms environment

a)

Biotic factor

b)

Abiotic factor

c)

Ecology

226.

When some bacteria convert fixed nitrogen back to nitrogen gas

a)

Nitrogen Fixation

b)

Denitrification

c)

Detrivore

227.

An organism that eats dead matter and returns the nutrients to the soil

a)

Detrivore

b)

Denitrification

c)

Trophic Level

228.

The process of capturing nitrogen and converting it to form usable to plants

a)

Dentrification

b)

Detrivore

c)

Nitrogen fixation

229.

Makes its own food from sunlight

a)

Autotroph

b)

Heterotroph

c)

Carnivore

230.

Reorder the Trophic Levels beginning with the level that holds the MOST energy.

a)

Producer

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Tertiary Consumer

e)

Quaternary Consumer

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
231.

FOOD WEBS show the network of ____ ____ in an ecosystem.

a)

birth rates

b)

mass starvation

c)

feeding relationships

d)

overgrazing effects

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