WorksheetsAPES unit 2 study
Total questions: 42
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Primary succession occurs in an area that has:
Has Soil
Has No Soil
Has Some Soil
none of these
What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?
Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil
Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage
Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community.
Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil
A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.
keystone
invasive
engineer
predator
A species that does not belong in a balanced ecosystem, comes in, and changes it (usually for the worse).
flagnship
umbrella
invasive
predator
What is the definition of a keystone species?
A species that has a large impact on its habitat
A species that is at the top of the food chain
A species that is endangered
A species that is found in Yellowstone National Park
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Cattle
Sea otter
Grass
Mosquito
A life form that is very sensitive to environmental changes in its ecosystem. They can give us early-warning messages that a habitat is suffering.
Indicator Species
Flagship Species
Predators
Ecosystem Engineers
What is the role of pioneer species in primary succession?
Pioneer species hinder the process of primary succession.
Pioneer species only appear in secondary succession.
Pioneer species help initiate and facilitate the process of primary succession.
Pioneer species have no role in primary succession.
Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?
The total number of individuals of a single animal species
The density of individuals in a hectare
The total number of different plant species
The soil depth at which burrowing insects are located
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was caused when an asteroid impacted Earth approximately 66 million years ago, near what is now the Gulf of Mexico. The indirect effects of the impact affected the entire globe. The event resulted in the extinction of nearly 75 percent of all plant and animal species on Earth, including the majority of dinosaur species.
Which of the following likely best describes why most of these species went extinct?
Direct effects from the impact
Loss of competitors
Increase in genetic diversity in most species
Rapid climate and habitat change
Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?
Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community.
A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.
Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration.
A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.
Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?
Population size of each species and area occupied by each population
Minimum population area and minimum viable population size
Ratio of r-strategists to K-strategists and life expectancy of K-strategists
Genetic variation within each species and number of species present
Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?
Decreased kernel size
Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers
Increased susceptibility on plant disease
Increased resistance to pests
Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?
Recreation and scenic areas for tourism
Timber and landscape materials
Mushroom and plant harvests
Soil stabilization and air purification
Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?
Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.
Regulating services are disrupted by flash flooding from a hurricane, which decreases available food resources.
Supporting services are disrupted by an earthquake that causes habitat destruction, which displaces plants and animals.
Cultural services are disrupted by a tornado that causes the loss of acres of forest, which reduces the amount of harvestable timber.
The many finch species of the Galápagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating.
Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galápagos Islands evolved to be specialists?
Islands have limited food resources, forcing species to feed on a small range of food items.
Climate on islands tends to be less variable than on the mainland, minimizing seasonal absences of food.
Reduced competition from other bird species allows finch species to focus on specific food resources.
Food resources on islands are more plentiful and nutrient rich than on the mainland, leading to specialist behaviors in feeding.
For which of the following reasons do small isolated islands have a greater rate of species extinction than larger, less isolated islands?
Small isolated islands are more likely to receive more migrating species.
Small isolated islands provide opportunities for a greater diversity of species.
Because of their size, small isolated islands accumulate more species by chance.
Small isolated islands have a lower availability of resources.
Small populations of animals, such as those typically found on islands, are prone to extinction because
they contain a high degree of genetic variability
they tend to have more predators
they are usually generalist species
they are more vulnerable to unpredictable events
Which of the following explanations is best supported by the data shown in the map above?
Earth’s climate has changed over geological time, and plates on Earth’s crust have shifted.
Sea level rise has led to an increased concentration of wildlife inland as the coastal areas flood.
Organisms adapt to human population growth by changing at the genetic level.
Animals migrate seasonally to mate and to find food in different habitats.
the number of different types of species in an ecosystem
richness
evenness
hot spot
biodiversity
the abundance of each species in an area is called
richness
evenness
biodiversity
random distribution
a species that exist in one area and nowhere else in the world is called
hot spot species
epistatic species
endemic species
predation species
the stability of an ecosystem depends on 2 factors
natural and human-caused disturbances
weather and climate
ecosystem resilience and resistance
independent and dependent variables
True or False: higher richness and evenness allows for more resilience
true
false
Community A has the same number of species as community B. However, in Community A 90% of the individuals belong to one species. In Community B the number of individuals are more evenly distributed between the different species. Which of the following conclusions are correct?
Community A has higher species richness than Community B.
Community B is more even than Community A
Community A is more diverse than Community B
Community B is more diverse than Community A
A population is
a group of similar species in different areas
a group of the same species in the same geographic area.
a group of several species in the same geographic area
a group of several species along with their abiotic factors in a small area.
What is the species richness for the following data collection
A: 25
B: 16
C: 12
D: 1
4
3
54
cannot be determined
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Level of biodiversity
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a natural disruption to an ecosystem?
Volcanic eruption
Hurricane
Air pollution
Earthquake
Which ecosystem is the most biodiverse?
Temperate deciduous forest
Tropical rainforest
Boreal forest
Savanna
Calculate the Simpson Index for a community with 100 individuals of species A, 50 individuals of species B, 30 individuals of species C, and 20 individuals of species D.
1.25
2.0
0.632
0.245
Explain the role of Simpson Index in measuring the diversity of a forest ecosystem.
The Simpson Index measures the diversity of a forest ecosystem by considering the age of the trees in the forest
The Simpson Index measures the diversity of a forest ecosystem by taking into account the number of different species present and their relative abundance.
The Simpson Index measures the diversity of a forest ecosystem by counting the number of trees in the forest
The Simpson Index measures the diversity of a forest ecosystem by looking at the size of the leaves on the trees
What are the main factors that can increase the Simpson Index in an ecological community?
High species richness and dominance
Low species richness and evenness
Low species richness and dominance
High species richness and evenness
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Beavers
Elephants
Kudzu vine
Sea otters
Which of the following is not an example of an invasive species?
Kudzu vine
Carp
Elephants
Fire ants
Which of the following statements is true?
Biodiversity decreases with increased sunlight
Biodiversity decreases as you move away from the equator
Biodiversity decreases as you decrease in altitude
Biodiversity increases as you go further down in the oceans
Which of the following statements is true?
Primary succession is followed by secondary succession
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists
Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity
Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity
