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WorksheetsUnit 1 assessment prep
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?
Molecule
Atom
Compound
Ion
Which of the following best describes the octet rule?
Atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outer shell.
Atoms are most stable when they have eight protons in their nucleus.
Atoms are most stable when they have eight neutrons in their nucleus.
Atoms are most stable when they have eight atoms in a molecule.
Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?
High specific heat
Cohesion
Polarity
Low density
Explain why water is considered a polar molecule.
Because it has a high specific heat.
Because it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end.
Because it is a good solvent.
Because it has a low density.
Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
Both ionic and covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
Both ionic and covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.
Given the following Lewis dot structure for a carbon atom, how many covalent bonds can it form?
2
3
4
5
Predict the outcome of mixing hydrochloric acid (HCl) 1.5-3.5 with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 14 in terms of pH.
The solution will become more acidic.
The solution will become more basic.
The solution will become neutral.
The solution will become a buffer.
Analyze the role of hydrolysis in the breakdown of polymers.
Hydrolysis involves the removal of water to break down polymers.
Hydrolysis involves the addition of water to break down polymers.
Hydrolysis involves the removal of oxygen to break down polymers.
Hydrolysis involves the addition of oxygen to break down polymers.
Evaluate the impact of electronegativity differences on the type of bond formed between two atoms.
If the difference is large, an ionic bond is likely to form.
If the difference is small, an ionic bond is likely to form.
If the difference is large, a covalent bond is likely to form.
If the difference is small, a metallic bond is likely to form.
Which elements are commonly found in macromolecules?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Carbon, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon
Carbon, Hydrogen, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon
Carbon, Hydrogen, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon
How many protons does Helium have?
4
4.0026
2
1
What is an isotope?
A charged atom
An atom with different amounts of neutrons
An atom with different amounts of protons
A neutral atom
Identify the atomic mass
79
Au
Gold
196.967
What is the nuclear symbol for the atom shown in the image?
4Be
4He
2He
2Be
What does the nucleus of an atom contain?
Electrons & Neutrons
Protons & Neutrons
Neutrinos & Positrons
an atom with atomic number 6 would have how many protons
6
12
3
cannot be determined
Electrons are:
Positive
Neutral
Negative
What is the charge of a neutron?
+1
0
-1
It depends on the atom
What is the Valency of Calcium?
5
4
1
2
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
Hydrogen bond
______________ electrons are found in the outermost energy level of an atom.
neutral
valence
purple
proton
Ions have the same number of protons but different number of _________________
neutrons
electrons
protons
toes
Anions
Gain electrons, has an overall positive charge
Lose electrons, has an overall positive charge
Lose electrons, has an overall negative charge
Gain electrons, has an overall negative charge
A chemical rule of thumb that reflects the theory that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.
octet rule
atomic rule
thumb rule
Hydrogen being an exception to the octet rule, needs _____ electrons in its outer energy level to be stable.
4
6
8
2
Covalent Bonds are between...
a metal and a metal
a metal and a non-metal
a nonmetal and a nonmetal
How many electrons are shared in each bonding line?
1
2
3
4
H2O is a ________ molecule.
polar
nonpolar
ionic
metallic
The universal solvent, (a) , is comprise of two (b) atoms that have partial (c) charges and one (d) atom that has a partial (e) charge.
water
hydrogen
positive
oxygen
negative
What property of water makes it the 'universal solvent'?
it is a polar molecule
it is an ionic compound
it contains hydrogen bonds
it steals electrons from other atoms
Large bodies of water do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. Why?
Water is a solvent.
Water has a high specific heat
Water acts as a buffer.
Water is non-polar.
Pure water has a pH of 7. Pure water _______.
is a base
is a neutral substance
could be either an acid or a base
is an acid
What pH is the strongest base?
1
7
4
14
Acids have more what?
OH ions
OH- ions
H+ ions
All of the above
Scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
Hydrogen Bond
pH Scale
Acid
Base
A solution with a pH more than 7. (High OH- concentration)
Acid
Buffer
Hydrogen Bond
Base
What are polymers made up of?
Monomers
Molecules
Proteins
Atoms
The breaking down of polymers into monomers involves:
Condensation reactions
Polymerization
Hydrolysis
Sublimation
How strongly an atom attracts electrons is called....................
Ionization energy
Electronegativity
Electricity
Nuclear force
When two atoms meet, they will pull on each other's valence electrons. This is called electronegativity. Some pull harder than others. This electron tug of war can result in an electronegativity difference. The value of this difference can tell us the type of bond it creates. Match each bond with it's range in differences.
0-0.4
Nonpolar Covalent
0.5-1.9
Polar Covalent
2.0+
Ionic
A greater (a) means a greater (b) between the (c) and the (d) of electrons and a higher (e) value.
nuclear charge
attractive force
nucleus
bonded pair
electronegativity
What is the correct Lewis Dot Structure for ammonia NH3
Which is the correct molecular structure for carbon dioxide?
Connects monomers to form a polymer
Dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
Produces water as a by-product
Dehydration synthesis
Hydolysis
The following figure is illustrating
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
The following figure is illustrating
Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
Macromolecules are made of repeating subunits called
monomers
monosaccharides
polymers
polysaccharides
A water strider can skate along the top of a pond because....
covalent bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)
hydrogen bonds result in water cohesion (surface tension)
water striders have adapted to become lighter than water
low surface tension of water
The attraction that causes water and other liquids to form drops on thin films is called ________________. This is also water’s ability to be attraction to other water molecules.
adhesion
capillary action
cohesion
surface tension
Which properties of water are helpful for aquatic organisms? (3)
Ice is less dense than liquid water so forms an insulating layer on ponds and polar seas/oceans
Having a high specific heat capacity stops the temperature of ponds, lakes, and oceans fluctuating too much over a short period of time
High latent heat of vaporization means ponds, lakes, seas, and oceans don't lose too much water on extremely hot days
Hydrogen bonds make it easier for fish to swim
Being a polar molecule allows electric eels to become charged up quicker
Which of these contains steps in the right order?
Ask a question, state your hypothesis, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
Ask a question, research, state your hypothesis, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, make a conclusion, experiment, analyze
Should experiments be repeated over and over to see if the results are the same each time?
yes
no
The variable that is being measured or observed is called the _______________. Hint: this is the variable that is the result or effect
independent variable
dependent variable
control variable
What is a constant/control in an experiment?
Things that do not change in a experiment. It's the variable that stays the same. You can have many variables stay the same.
It's the variables that the scientist changes in the experiment
It's the variables that are being measured in an experiment
If I floss more, then I will have fewer cavities. What is the independent variable?
Number of cavities
Amount of flossing
Type of floss used
Amount of brushing
If I put on a higher factor sunscreen, then I will burn less. What is the dependent variable?
Severity of sunburn
Factor of sunscreen
Time spent in the sun
Weather conditions
Joe tells Gabby his theory about why sea turtles nest on the beach instead of in the ocean. He says, “The turtle eggs would sink to the bottom of the ocean, and the baby turtle would drown. I know this because my uncle is a fisherman, and he told me this information. Gabby tells Joe that his theory is not scientific. Why does Joe’s idea not meet the requirements to be a scientific theory?
Joe’s idea is already a scientific law.
Joe’s idea is not supported by scientific evidence.
Joe’s idea is a good guess that can be tested by experiments.
Joe and his uncle are not scientists.
In 1897, Joseph Thomson discovered that atoms contained electrons. He proposed a change in the atomic theory of that time, and the theory was modified because of his discovery. Since Thomson’s discovery, atomic theory has been further modified. What is the best explanation for why scientific theories are modified?
Theories more than ten years old are usually out of date.
Scientists want to prove that the work of other scientists is wrong.
New evidence that supports a change prompts scientists to modify earlier theories.
So much information is available today that it is harder to focus research and disprove theories.
What is the difference between Hypothesis and theory?
Theory is an educated guess, a hypothesis is true data.
A Hypothesis is an assumption based on a thesis and proven data.
A hypotheis is an assumption that can be tested. A theory is a principle formed used to explain data.
Descriptive data that includes sights, sounds, and smells.
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
A scientific theory is:
supported by facts
widely accepted
tested over and over again
a believable notion & 100% true
A collection of ideas and beliefs that sound like science but not supported by evidence, such as astrology, is known as...
Pseudoscience
Fact
Theory
Law
Which one the following is NOT a branch of science, but a pseudoscience because it is not testable, repeatable and measurable.
A. Astronomy: study of physical objects and processes
B. Physics: the study of properties of matter and energy
C. Biology: the study of living organisms
Feng Shui - A Chinese method of arranging objects and living spaces in a certain way to ensure a happy and harmonious life
