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Greek Estimates

Total questions: 22

Worksheet time: 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What was the key observation Eratosthenes used to measure the Earth's circumference?

a)

The angle of the Sun's rays at noon in Alexandria

b)

The length of the shadow cast by the Great Pyramid

c)

The difference in star positions between Alexandria and Syene

d)

The time it took for the Sun to set in different locations

2.

How did Eratosthenes calculate the Earth's circumference using the angle of the Sun's rays?

a)

By measuring the distance between two cities and using the angle to calculate the circumference

b)

By using the angle to calculate the Earth's radius directly

c)

By deriving the angle of the shadow in Syene using math

d)

By using the angle to determine the Earth's diameter

3.

What assumption did Eratosthenes make about the Earth to calculate its circumference?

a)

The Earth is a perfect sphere

b)

The Earth is flat

c)

The Earth is an oblate spheroid

d)

The Earth is a cube

4.

Aristarchus used the concept of similar triangles to estimate the distance to the Moon. What was one of the key observations he made?

a)

The angle between the Earth, Moon, and Sun during a specific lunar phase

b)

The length of the shadow of the Earth on the Moon during a lunar eclipse

c)

The time it takes for the Moon to orbit the Earth

d)

The brightness of the Moon compared to the Sun

5.

How did Aristarchus use the concept of similar triangles to estimate the distance to the Sun?

a)

By comparing the surface area of the Earth to the diameter of the Sun

b)

By comparing the distance to the Moon with the distance to the Sun

c)

By measuring the angle of the Sun's rays at different times of the day

d)

By using the angle of the Earth's shadow during the Winter Solstice

6.

Which option is closest to the ratio that Aristarchus found for the distances to the Sun and Moon?

a)

1:1000

b)

1:200

c)

1:400

d)

1:10

7.

What method did Aristarchus use to estimate the distances to the Sun and Moon?

a)

Trigonometric parallax

b)

Pythagorean Theorem

c)

Similar triangles

d)

Law of cosines

8.

Eratosthenes' method relied on the assumption that the Sun's rays are:

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent

c)

Parallel

9.

Eratosthenes measured the distance between Alexandria and Syene to be approximately:

a)

500 km

b)

800 km

c)

1000 km

d)

1200 km

10.

What aspect of the animation shown here played a key role in Aristachus' method for finding the distances to the Sun and Moon?

a)

The speed at which the Moon eclipses the Sun

b)

The speed at which the Sun eclipses the Moon

c)

The phase of the Moon during an eclipse

d)

The relative size of the Sun and Moon in the sky

11.

Aristarchus' method for determining the distance to the Moon involved observing:

a)

A solar eclipse

b)

A lunar eclipse

c)

A quarter-moon phase

d)

A solar flare

12.

Aristarchus' estimation of the Sun's size compared to the Earth's was very roughly:

a)

10 times larger

b)

500 times larger

c)

100 times larger

d)

20 times larger

13.

Which ancient city was directly under the Sun at noon during the summer solstice, according to Eratosthenes?

a)

Athens

b)

Alexandria

c)

Syene

d)

Rome

14.

Rank the following lengths from smallest on the left to largest on the right:

a)

Diameter of the Moon

b)

Circumference of the Earth

c)

Distance to the Moon

d)

Diameter of the Sun

e)

Distance to the Sun

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
15.

On the summer solstice at high noon, Erastothenes knew that a stick in Syene cast a shadow at an angle of ​ (a)   degrees. He also knew that at the same time ​ (b)   km away in Alexandria another stick would cast a shadow with an angle of about ​ (c)   degrees. All of these were instrumental observations that he used to measure Earth's ​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
0
800
7.2
40,000
circumference
weight
distance from the Sun
16.

Use 4 of the given options to label the diagram that Aristarchus used to find relative distances to the Sun/Moon.

17.

Categorize the elements relevant to the given methodologies:

Categorize the following

solar eclipse

similar triangles

lunar eclipse

phases of the Moon

circumference

arc length

parallel sun rays

angle of stick's shadow

trig/geometry

specific times of the year

other planets

shadows

assumed Earth was flat

Erastothenes' Method
Aristarchus' Method
Both Methodologies
Neither Methodology
18.

Erastothenes found that the circumference of the Earth was approximately (a)   kilometers.

19.

If the angle from one edge of the Moon to the other were to ​ (a)   ​it would indicate the Moon's ​ (b)   were doubled.

Choose from the below words
not change
double
halve
diameter
distance
surface area
20.

Every year, little by little, the Moon drifts away from Earth. This means the angle between its edges would​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
not change
increase
decrease
grow at first and then shrink
shrink at first and then grow
21.

Express the ratio of the distances to the Sun and Moon in terms of the ratio of their radii.

22.

Aristarchus used observations of ​ (a)   , simple trigonometry, and estimates of the size of Earth's ​ (b)   to estimate the distances to the Sun, Moon and their ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
eclipses
solar flares
surface areas
diameters
shadow
mountains
rotation axis