these terms are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars

what does this term mean?

BCE

what does this term mean?

CE

These are the 'three-age system" which is the periodization of human prehistory into three consecutive time periods, named for their respective predominant tool-making technologies.

was a broad prehistoric period during which its material was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

lasted roughly 3.3 million years

this is a Greek word that means "old"

this is a Greek word that means "stone"

The earliest subdivision on the paleolithic period or old stone age. It spans the time from around 3.3 million years ago when the first evidence for stone tool production.

the second subdivision of the paleolithic or old stone age, broadly spanned from 300,000 to 30,000 years ago

the third and last subdivision of the paleolithic or old stone age between 50,000 to 10,000 years ago

the second subdivision of the paleolithic or old stone age, broadly spanned from 300,000 to 30,000 years ago

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

widely regarded as the first ever human invention, used these tools for many things, including hacking, pounding and cutting during hunting.

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

was also one of the most vital paleolithic age inventions as, without it ,humans would have struggled to stay warm, or cook food.

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

improved accuracy and efficiency in terms of hunting, as humans were able to kill outside of their throwing range.

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

made this by joining together a group of fibers or strands to make a stronger structure

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

its invention came about by accident, early human accidentally created a fermented mixture of water and fruit in sunlight.

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

allowed humans to take alight with them as they travelled, was also used to aid visibility and for decorative purposes

important inventions of the paleolithic period:

a weapon that was used to propel blunt objects, like stones, or lead at opponents across a battlefield.

the period of time between the paleolithic age and neolithic age. The exact beginning of this part of the Stone Age varies from region to region, but it generally correlates with the warming of the climate in Northern Europe.

the Greek term that means "middle"

the Greek term that means "stone"

Is this a characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?

People transitioned from using large chipped stone stools to using smaller chipped stoned tools (microliths)

Is this a characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?

People transitioned from hunting large herd animals in groups to more hunter-gatherer lifestyle

Is this a characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?

dogs were domesticated

Is this a characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?

towards the beginning of the Mesolithic Age, people began growing crops and practicing animal husbandry, which is the controlled cultivation, management, and production of domestic animals.

Is this a characteristic of the Mesolithic Age?

in certain areas of the world, a range of cutlery was made

a Greek term for the word "new"

a Greek term for the word "stone"

a Greek term for the word "new"

this last period in the Stone age is when farming was first invented, its most prominent characteristic was the use of polished or ground stone tools.

key features of the Neolithic Period

people resided in small communities or tribes consisting of multiple different families. On the while, Neolithic societies were fairly simple and egalitarian (a society based on the idea that all people are equal and deserve equal rights)

key features of the Neolithic Period

the domestication of large animals, such as cows, happened in around 8000 BCE and whilst it was good for the advancement of farming, it also resulted in a huge increase. Being able to own livestock gave way for competition between households and also allowed people to inherit wealth

key features of the Neolithic Period

the household was still regarded as the center of life, and families tended to be economically independent. They had the power to organize and order a workforce of human laborers.

key features of the Neolithic Period

people began building much more permanent shelters in the form of mud-brick houses that were coated with plaster, it was actually the growth of agriculture that made permanent housing possible as with farming, people could stay in one place for a sustained period of time

key features of the Neolithic Period

one of the potential benefits of the development of farming technology was the opportunity to produce food supplies in excess of the immediate needs of the community. This excess, or surplus, could then be stored for later use or traded in exchange for other goods.

key features of the Neolithic Period

after agriculture took off, people's diets consisted of a limited package of cultivated cereal grains, plants, and domesticated animals and animal products. This diet would then have been supplemented by hunting and gathering to varying degrees depending on the area

[50,000 BC estimated] first evidence of the systematic use of stone age technology in the Philippines

[23,000 BC] many of these tools recovered in caves (such as Tabon in Palawan) were made from chert, a hard and dense sedimentary rock commonly found in the nearby riverbeds.

are usually fashioned as cutting tools and weapons in prehistoric times. The share edges of cherts do not blunt easily making them perfect for such purposes, this made chert the preferred material of our ancestors.

To determine the date of an artifact, the surrounding layer of the earth is tested (stratigraphic process) or Radiocarbon can be tested from a living object found near the artifact.

All living things contain a radioactive isotope of Carbon called ???

the most widely known theory of the prehistoric peopling of the Philippines is that of H. O. Beyer, founder of the Anthropology Department of UP

Modern theories of the peopling of the Philippines islands are interpreted against the wider backdrop of the migrations of the people of this theory

first proposed by anthropologist Felipe Landa Jocano of UP, he's theory hold that there were no clear discrete waves of migration, early inhabitants of Southeast Asia were of the same ethnic group with similar culture, and but through a gradual process over time driven by environmental factosr, differentiated themselves from one another.

Wave Migration Theory:

a cave-man type who was similar to Peking Man, Java man, and other Asian Homo erectus of 250,000 years ago

Wave Migration Theory:

the aboriginal pygmy group who arrived between 30,000 to 25,000 years ago via land bridges. Good at hunting, fishing and food gathering, they used spears and small flint stones weapons

Wave Migration Theory:

the seafaring tool-using group who arrived about 6,000 to 5,000 years ago and were the first immigrants to each the Philippines by sea

Wave Migration Theory:

the seafaring more civilized were believed to have come more than 2,000 years ago. They were brown skinned, straight black hair, medium height, and have flat noses. Brought the Iron age culture and engaged in pottery, weaving, jewelry making and metal smelting, and introduced the irrigation system in rice planting.

Dr. Henry Otley Beyer's Wave Migration Theory is not supported by any concrete archeological or historical evidence, and it is now even less likely as time has gone on.

The Core Population Theory

Jocano further believes that the present Filipinos are products of the long process of cultural evolution and movement of people.

these are the other prominent anthropologists that agreed with Jocano's theory

fragments were believed to be the earliest human remains known in the Philippines dating back to 16,500 years ago

fragments were believed to be the earliest human remains known in the Philippines dating back to 16,500 years ago until a metatarsal from the ??? discovered in 2007

considered the earliest skull cap of modern humans found in the Philippines, and is thought to have belonged to a young female

the earliest evidence of human remains showing archaic
characteristics of the mandible and teeth.

a bone from the lower leg, was found during the re-excavation of the Tabon Cave complex by the National Museum of the Philippines

dubbed as the country's cradle of civilization

in 2007, a team of archeologists led by UP Diliman Professor Dt. Armand Salvador Mijares discovered the earliest human remains known in the Philippines in Callao Cave

The discovery of the callao man

while digging in the area, they discovered a foot bone that turned out to be a metatarsal bone from the ???

in 2019, after the discovery of 12 new specimens and based on the apparent presence of both modern-humanlike and primitive Australopithecus-like features, they reassigned the remains (and other hominin findings from the cave) to a new species ???

In 2013, a team of local and international researchers led by Dr. Thomas Ingicco from the Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle (France) unearthed an almost complete skeleton of ???

Similar to modern-day elephants, stegodons
were likely good swimmers, as their fossils are
frequently encountered on Asian islands

Another, more contemporary theory based on
the study of the evolution of languages
between approximately 10,000 to 6,000 B.C.

widely accepted hypothesis today, was first proposed by Prof. Peter Bellwood

"Nusantao" derived from the
Austronesian root words “nusa” - south
and “tao” - man or people.