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WorksheetsBJU Physical Science Chapter 3
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
What is J. J. Thomson’s atomic model called?
the nuclear model
the plum pudding model
the quantum-mechanical model
the Saturnian model
Which of the following observations did not lead Rutherford to believe that most of the atom’s mass and positive charges were densely packed into a very small space?
Some alpha particles bounced off the foil at sharp angles.
Some alpha particles emitted photons as they fell back into their original energy levels.
Some alpha particles were deflected at varying angles as they passed through the gold foil.
Most alpha particles passed through the gold foil undeflected.
The Bohr model suggests that electrons move
in a flat ring around a massive, positively charged center.
only in distinct, spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
randomly about the nucleus.
rapidly throughout a uniform, positively charged matrix.
Aristotle first called particles atomos, from which we get our word atom.
True
False
John Dalton proposed that atoms are hard spheres of different sizes and masses.
True
False
Scientists currently hold to the quantum-mechanical model because it is able to precisely pinpoint the locations of an atom’s electrons.
True
False
The __________ is about 1836 times the mass of an electron. The slightly more massive __________ is about 1838 times the mass of an electron.
cation; anion
proton; neutron
anion; cation
electron; positron
neutron; proton
Carbon-14 is different from carbon-12 in that it has a different number of __________.
molecules
protons
neutrons
electrons
all the above
Which of the following is a weighted average?
atomic mass
atomic number
mass number
none of the above
Democritus suggested that matter
could be subdivided an unlimited number of times.
existed in the form of very small, indivisible particles.
was continuous.
was made of hard spherical atoms surrounded by heat envelopes.
The law of electrostatic charges states that
opposite electric charges attract each other.
like electric charges repel each other.
both A and B are true.
neither A nor B is true.
J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of the __________.
atom
electron
neutron
proton
Experiments involving __________ led to the discovery of the nucleus.
alpha particles and gold foil
the chemical reactions of gases
Crookes tubes and cathode rays
the emission spectrum
X-ray diffraction
Which of the following is not a reason that the Bohr model is still in widespread use today?
It is fairly simple and easy to understand.
It remains useful for showing how chemical bonding works.
It is still the most workable model to date.
It represents energy levels in a way that is easier to visualize than more recent models.
Potassium-39 and potassium-41 always have the same number of __________.
electrons
neutrons
protons
all the above
Which of the following is not a way that an ion can be formed?
An atom can gain extra electrons.
An atom can lose electrons.
An atom can lose a neutron.
All the above lead to ion formation.
Which of the following represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron?
Na⁻
Na⁺
₁₁²²Na
₂₃¹¹Na
Which of the following is not typically represented with whole numbers?
atomic mass
atomic number
mass number
All the above are represented with whole numbers.
John Dalton thought that atoms are indivisible and cannot be destroyed.
True
False
Most of an atom consists of empty space.
True
False
Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.
True
False
Current atomic models show that electrons travel in distinct, spherical orbits around the nucleus.
True
False
The quantum-mechanical model is the primary model used by scientists today.
True
False
An anion has a negative charge because it has lost an electron.
True
False
Who believed that electrons move through spherical regions located a fixed distance from the nucleus?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
J. J. Thomson
Who first suggested that elements are made of atoms and that the atoms of an element are all alike?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
John Dalton
Who thought of indivisible "atomos"?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
J. J. Thomson
Who developed the nuclear model?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
J. J. Thomson
Who developed the plum pudding model?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
J. J. Thomson
Who developed the Saturnian model?
Democritus
Ernest Rutherford
Hantaro Nagaoka
J. J. Thomson
Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus and has no electrical charge?
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Positron
Which subatomic particle has a charge of +1?
Neutron
Electron
Proton
Photon
Which subatomic particle is the most massive of the three: proton, electron, or neutron?
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Positron
Which subatomic particle is the smallest of the three: proton, electron, or neutron?
Proton
Electron
Neutron
Positron
What is the unique number of protons in the atoms of an element called?
Mass number
Atomic number
Isotope
Ion
Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called what?
Ions
Isotopes
Molecules
Compounds
An ion that has more protons than electrons is called a(n) what?
Anion
Cation
Neutron
Electron
What is the atomic number and mass number of a chromium atom with twenty-four protons, twenty-eight neutrons, and twenty-four electrons?
Atomic number: 24; Mass number: 52
Atomic number: 28; Mass number: 52
Atomic number: 24; Mass number: 48
Atomic number: 28; Mass number: 48
One isotope of phosphorus has fifteen protons and eighteen neutrons. What is the name of this isotope?
phosphorus-33
phosphorus-30
phosphorus-32
phosphorus-31
Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the neutral copper isotope 65_29Cu.
twenty-nine protons, thirty-six neutrons, and twenty-nine electrons
twenty-nine protons, thirty-five neutrons, and twenty-nine electrons
twenty-eight protons, thirty-six neutrons, and twenty-eight electrons
thirty protons, thirty-six neutrons, and thirty electrons
What does the 2– indicate in the oxygen ion O^2-.
This oxygen has gained two electrons and has a negative 2 charge.
This oxygen has lost two electrons and has a positive 2 charge.
This oxygen has gained two protons and has a positive 2 charge.
This oxygen has lost two protons and has a negative 2 charge.
Boron has two stable isotopes: boron-10 and boron-11. Boron’s atomic mass is 10.81 u. Which isotope of boron is more common?
boron-11
boron-10
both isotopes are equally common
neither isotope is common
The atom is mostly large empty space with a small, dense nucleus at the center
Dalton
Thomson
Rutherford
Bohr
Who proposed the theory that atoms orbit the nucleus in specific orbits.
Bohr
Democritus
Rutherford
Chadwick
