NEW
Font size
S
M
L
XL
WorksheetsBasic Genetics Review
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
In eukaryotes, nuclear division that results in cells with half the DNA of the original cell is called
a)
fission
b)
mitosis
c)
meiosis
d)
budding
e)
nuclear revision
2.
The modern interpretation of Mendel’s law of segregation recognizes that
a)
Mendel did not understand DNA
b)
homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis and end up in different gametes
c)
a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) will always produce 3 individuals with the dominant phenotype and 1 with the recessive phenotype
d)
different genes occur on different chromosomes
e)
dominant and recessive alleles cannot be on the same chromosome
3.
Mendel’s dihybrid experiments revealed that
a)
alleles for one trait segregated into gametes independently from the alleles for another trait
b)
crossing two hybrids produces a random assortment of offspring
c)
it is possible to produce hybrid plants
d)
alleles are on chromosomes
e)
some genes are linked on the same chromosome
4.
What is the probability that a child will have an autosomal recessive genetic disorder if both parents are carriers? (Use a Punnett square to test)
a)
0
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
5.
In a cross between a heterozygous individual and a homozygous recessive individual, what is the probability that the offspring will be homozygous recessive?
a)
no chance!
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
6.
In snapdragons, genotype RR produces red flowers, rr produces white flowers, but Rr has pink flowers. This is an example of
a)
blending inheritance
b)
codominance
c)
mutation
d)
incomplete dominance
e)
continuous variation
7.
When two nonidentical alleles (for example, A and B in human blood types) are both fully expressed in heterozygotes, that trait is said to have
a)
epistasis
b)
pleiotropy
c)
codominance
d)
incomplete dominance
e)
sex-linkage
8.
This term refers to chromosomes that are the same in males and females, in contrast to the sex chromosomes.
a)
sister chromatids
b)
centrosomes
c)
X chromosomes
d)
autosomes
e)
dominant chromosomes
9.
Why is the sex of a child said to be determined by the father?
a)
Because the female gamete (ovum) is non-mobile
b)
Because the genes for sex determination are on the X chromosome
c)
Because the mother donates an X chromosome, while the father donates an X or a Y
d)
Because the genes for sex determination are on the Y chromosome
e)
Because males are dominant
10.
What is the probability that a male will have a sex-linked recessive disorder if his mother was carrier for the disorder?
a)
0
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
11.
In the absence of the SRY gene, which of the following occurs?
a)
The individual is sterile (unable to reproduce)
b)
The embryo develops as a male.
c)
The embryo develops as a female.
d)
The individual develops testes
e)
The embryo does not develop
12.
This diagnostic technique provides a way of detecting abnormal chromosomal numbers or structures.
a)
test cross
b)
dihybrid cross
c)
PCR
d)
reverse meiosis
e)
karyotyping
13.
This term refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
a)
locus
b)
centromere
c)
chromatid
d)
allele
e)
karyotype
14.
This refers to the loss of some portion of a chromosome, usually causing serious or lethal disorders.
a)
inversion
b)
insertion
c)
deletion
d)
translocation
e)
subtraction
15.
This term refers to single traits, such as eye color or body size, that are governed by more than one gene.
a)
pleiotropy
b)
epistasis
c)
polygenic
d)
polyploidy
e)
autosomal
16.
In cell biology and genetics, what is meant by the term 'nondisjunction'?
a)
Failure of cells to divide
b)
Inheritance patterns different than predicted by Mendel
c)
When a recessive allele is dominant
d)
When a pair of chromosomes fail to separate properly
e)
When the offspring have a different phenotype than predicted by a Punnett square
17.
In eukaryotes, chromosomes consist of
a)
DNA only
b)
DNA plus histones
c)
DNA and/or RNA
d)
two different genes
e)
hundreds of copies of a single gene
18.
Gametes (sex cells) have one copy of each chromosome (i.e., one set), which is half the number of chromosomes in most cells of the body. In terms of chromosome number, gametes are
a)
haploid
b)
diploid
c)
triploid
d)
tetraploid
e)
none of these
19.
A pair of chromosomes that have a similar shape and code for all of the same traits are said to be
a)
homozygous
b)
homologous
c)
heterozygous
d)
heterotrophic
e)
alleles
20.
Homologous chromosomes separate during this stage of meiosis:
a)
telophase I
b)
telophase II
c)
prophase II
d)
anaphase I
e)
anaphase II
21.
DNA is built from two parallel strands of repeating units or “building blocks” called
a)
phosphate groups
b)
nucleotides
c)
allozymes
d)
nucleosomes
e)
amino acids
22.
What forms the rungs of a DNA “ladder”?
a)
The sugar, deoxyribose
b)
A phosphate group
c)
A pair of nitrogenous bases
d)
A sugar-phosphate pair
e)
histone proteins
23.
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
a)
It builds a new molecule of DNA using one strand as a template
b)
It unzips the DNA molecule, so the template can be read
c)
It makes an RNA copy of DNA for gene expression
d)
It builds nucleotides from sugars, phosphate groups, and bases
e)
It bundles DNA into chromosomes
24.
What is meant by “semiconservative” replication?
a)
Cells recycle (conserve) nucleotides from old DNA molecules to make new DNA
b)
Cells recycle (conserve) nucleotides from old RNA molecules to make new DNA
c)
To save resources, cells only copy the parts of DNA that have been used in the life of the cell
d)
After being used to make a new DNA molecule, the original DNA molecule reforms
e)
Each new DNA double helix contains one old strand and one new strand
25.
What does PCR stand for?
a)
Principle Components Research
b)
Polymerase Copy Reaction
c)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
d)
Polypeptide Chain Response
e)
Preliminary Cell Replication
26.
Choose the complementary strand for this template strand of DNA: ACG CAT GTG
a)
TGC GTA CAC
b)
CAT ACG TGT
c)
ACG CAT GTG
d)
GTG TAC GCA
e)
RNA
27.
In a DNA double helix, ______ _______ bonds connect each nucleotide along a single strand, while ______ _______ bonds connect the two strands together.
a)
weak covalent; strong hydrogen
b)
strong hydrogen; weak covalent
c)
strong covalent; weak hydrogen
d)
weak hydrogen; strong covalent
e)
weak covalent; weak hydrogen
28.
Which of the following is the best description of PCR?
a)
an artificial way to correct mutations in a gene
b)
a quick method of sequencing the nucleotides in a DNA molecule
c)
a genetic disorder preventing the proper function of DNA polymerase.
d)
an artificial way to edit the genome of an organism
e)
fast, artificial DNA replication
29.
The process by which DNA is used to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA is called
a)
transcription
b)
translation
c)
polymerization
d)
RNA replication
e)
semiconservative replication
30.
A key difference between DNA and RNA is that RNA
a)
is single-stranded
b)
uses uracil in place of thymine
c)
uses ribose in place of deoxyribose
d)
all of the choices are true
e)
none of the choices are true
31.
What term is used for the expressed regions in an RNA transcript that are retained after non-coding regions are removed?
a)
introns
b)
exons
c)
uracils
d)
mutations
e)
promoters
32.
In eukaryotes, RNA is modified before it leaves the nucleus as a mature mRNA molecule. Specifically, non-coding regions are spliced out of the RNA. These non-coding regions are called
a)
exons
b)
introns
c)
uracils
d)
UTRs
e)
promoters
33.
The process by which one gene can encode many different proteins, depending on which exons are removed and which are left in the mature mRNA, is due to
a)
gene expression
b)
post-transcriptional modifications
c)
gene emoting
d)
alternative genetics
e)
exonification
34.
The process by which mRNA is used to synthesize protein is called
a)
transcription
b)
translation
c)
polymerization
d)
RNA replication
e)
semiconservative replication
35.
These cytoplasmic structures help translate information from the language of mRNA (nitrogenous bases) to the language of proteins (amino acids).
a)
ribosomes
b)
cytoskeleton
c)
mitochondria
d)
codons
e)
DNA polymerase
36.
The molecules responsible for delivering amino acids to mRNA during protein synthesis are called
a)
ribosomes
b)
ligase
c)
uracil
d)
rRNA
e)
tRNA
37.
The three-nucleotide region of mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called a(n)
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
exon
d)
codon
e)
anticodon
38.
Nearly every organism on Earth uses the same genetic code. Therefore, the code is said to be.
a)
redundant
b)
unambiguous
c)
ambiguous
d)
universal
e)
dispersal
39.
The ultimate source of new alleles in populations is
a)
genetic drift
b)
gene flow
c)
inheritance
d)
mutation
e)
natural selection
40.
This biological process probably evolved as a mechanism to increase genetic variation in populations; moreover, this process provides an adaptive advantage for populations in an ever-changing environment.
a)
sexual reproduction
b)
mitosis
c)
DNA replication
d)
asexual reproduction
e)
gene expression
Reset
