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Unit 3 - Cellular Energetic

Total questions: 133

Worksheet time: 2hrs 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In the basic, what enter inside a plants during photosythesis?

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Sunlight

d)

Hydrogen

e)

Darkness

2.

In normal circumstances, where can one find the stomata of a plant?

a)

Front side of a leaf

b)

Back side of a leaf.

3.

tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange

(a)  

4.

What two things allow water to rise above the roots?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Hydrophobic

5.

What is the output of photosythesis

a)

Oxygen

b)

Glucose

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Lipids

6.

Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called

a)

thylakoids.

b)

pigments.

c)

chloroplasts.

d)

glucose.

7.

Between which parts of the ATP molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?

a)

between two of the phosphorous molecules

b)

between the adenosine and the phosphorous molecules

c)

between the adenosine and the ribose

d)

between the ribose and the phosphorous molecules

8.

Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing

a)

high-energy sugars

b)

chlorophyll a

c)

sunlight

d)

chlorophyll b

9.

The stroma is the region outside the

a)

chloroplasts.

b)

plant cells.

c)

mitochondria.

d)

thylakoids.

10.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into

a)

high-energy sugars and proteins.

b)

oxygen and high-energy sugars.

c)

oxygen and carbon.

d)

ATP and oxygen.

11.

What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?

a)

adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

b)

adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group

c)

stroma, grana, and chlorophyll

d)

NADH, NADPH, and FADH2

12.

Energy is released from ATP when

a)

a phosphate group is added.

b)

adenine bonds to ribose.

c)

ATP is exposed to sunlight.

d)

a phosphate group is removed.

13.

What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight?

a)

A chemical reaction turns chlorophyll into high energy carbohydrates.

b)

Energy from fat molecules is released.

c)

The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized.

d)

The chlorophyll molecule is broken into two parts.

14.

Which structure in the figure above represents a single thylakoid?

a)

Structure A

b)

Structure B

c)

Structure C

d)

Structure D

15.

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant's production of high-energy sugars?

a)

More sugars will be produced.

b)

The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.

c)

No sugars will be produced.

d)

Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.

16.

Which chemical is an electron carrier molecule?

a)

NADP+

b)

H2O

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

oxygen

17.

What gas is released by plants during photosynthesis? (Select all that apply)

a)

Water

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Hydrogen

e)

Water

18.

The Light Dependent Reactions obtain energy from _________, and the Light Independent Reactions obtain energy from ___________.

a)

ADP & NADP+/Sunlight (solar energy)

b)

Sunlight (solar energy)/ATP & NADPH

c)

ATP & NADPH/Sunlight (solar energy)

d)

Sunlight (solar energy)/ADP & NADP+

19.

The interior fluid filled space of a chloroplast where the light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) take place:

a)

Granum

b)

Thylakoids

c)
Stroma
d)

Outer membrane

20.

The individual disks in a chloroplast where the light dependent reactions occur:

a)

Outer membrane

b)
Grana
c)
Stroma
d)

Thylakoid

21.
What is the function of NADPH and ATP?
a)

They absorb and store sunlight/solar energy.

b)

They are energy carriers that provide energy for the light dependent reactions.

c)

They are light reflecting pigments that give plants color.

d)

They are energy carriers that provide energy for the light independent reactions.

22.

Plants store the energy created during the Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions) of photosynthesis in the bonds of:

a)

ATP

b)

NADPH

c)

Glucose (sugars)

d)

Proteins

e)

Oxygen

23.
What is the main purpose of the light dependent reactions?
a)

To create high energy molecules that will be used in the Calvin Cycle

b)

To capture solar energy and produce water

c)

To convert carbon dioxide to stored energy in glucose

d)

To use the energy in high energy molecules to produce oxygen

24.

Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?

a)

CO2 + Light + H2O --> O2 + C6H12O6

b)

CO2 + C6H12O6 + H2O --> O2 + Light

c)

O2 + Light + H2O --> CO2 + C6H12O6

d)

CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light + C6H12O6

25.

What are the two products of the light dependent reactions that are needed for the Calvin Cycle?

a)

NADP+ and NADPH

b)

ATP and ADP

c)

NADPH and Oxygen

d)

NADPH and Glucose

e)

NADPH and ATP

26.

Select all the reactants (inputs) in the overall Photosynthesis chemical reaction:

a)

Water

b)

Sunlight/Solar Energy

c)

Oxygen

d)

Carbon Dioxide

e)

Glucose (Sugar/food)

27.

Select all the products of the overall Photosynthesis chemical reactions:

a)

Water

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Sunlight/Solar Energy

e)

Glucose (Sugar/food)

28.

What are the products (outputs) of the Light Dependent Reactions: (select all that apply)

a)

ADP

b)

Oxygen

c)

ATP

d)

NADPH

e)

NADP+

29.

What are the reactants (inputs) of the Light Dependent Reactions: (select all that apply)

a)

ADP + P

b)

Sunlight/Solar Energy

c)

ATP

d)

NADPH

e)

NADP+

30.

What are the reactants (inputs) of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions)?

a)

NADPH

b)

O2

c)

CO2

d)

H2O

e)

ATP

31.

What are the products (outputs) of the Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions)?

a)

NADPH

b)

ADP + P

c)

NADP+

d)

Glucose

e)

ATP

32.
Which of these conditions would decrease the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?
a)

A week of short summer storms with heavy rainfall.

b)

A change in daylight hours from 12 hours to 8 hours.

c)

A change in temperature from 110o to 75o.

d)

All of these

33.

Photosynthesis is:

a)

The process in which heterotrophic organisms use sunlight/solar energy to produce sugars with stored energy.

b)

The process in which energy stored in the bonds of food (glucose) is converted to ATP.

c)

The process in which ADP and a Phosphate are converted to ATP.

d)

The process in which autotrophic organisms use sunlight/solar energy to produce sugars with stored energy.

34.

Where do the light-dependent reactions of Photosynthesis occur? 

a)

Thylakoid membrane

b)

Stroma

c)

Chlorophyll

d)

Mitochondria

35.

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Central Vacuole

d)

Cell Membrane

e)

Ribosome

36.


Study the diagram. Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Water Vapor

c)

Oxygen

d)

The gasses would be equal

37.
Plants with the largest amount of which pigment will be best suited for growing conditions where light has a green hue.
a)
Chlorophyll A
b)
Chlorophyll B
c)
Carotenoids
d)
A combination of all 3
38.

Plants obtain CO2 and expel O2 through the process of:

a)

Osmosis

b)

Simple Diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

e)

Protein pumps

39.
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably ________.
a)

NADPH

b)
carbon dioxide
c)

water vapor

d)
glucose
e)

oxygen

40.

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars (rate of photosynthesis)?

a)
Sugar production will likely increase.
b)
Sugars will not be produced.
c)

Sugar production will likely decrease.

d)
Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.
41.
How would the concentration of CO2 in water affect photosynthesis?
a)
The higher the CO2, the greater the rate
b)
The higher the CO2, the lower the rate
c)
CO2 concentration doesn't affect photosynthesis
d)

A greater rate of photosynthesis causes higher CO2 concentrations 

42.

Autotrophs are organisms that obtain energy from: (select all that apply).

a)

Consuming other organisms

b)

Decomposing decaying organisms

c)

Chemicals

d)

Sunlight

e)

None of these

43.

Main products of the Calvin Cycle

a)

Oxygen, NADP+, ADP

b)

Glucose, CO2, ADP

c)

ADP, NADP+, Glucose

d)

ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

44.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Grana

c)

Inner membrane of chloroplast

d)

Stroma

45.

5 carbon sugar that combines with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle

a)

3-PGA

b)

G3P

c)

RuBP

d)

Glucose

46.

Which of the following is true of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

carbon dioxide and energy (ATP and NADPH) are used to make organic compounds

b)

energy is absorbed from sunlight and converted to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH

c)

Occurs in the thylakoid

d)

Occurs in the cytoplasm

47.

Increasing carbon dioxide can increase photosynthesis, but only to a maximum rate because

a)

There are not enough RuBP molecules

b)

Oxygen cannot leave fast enough

c)

Large amounts of CO2 cannot fit in the chloroplast

d)

Calvin cycle can only go as fast as the light reactions

48.

Temperatures that are too high can slow photosynthesis because

a)

stomata stay open

b)

enzymes are ruined

c)

there is not enough CO2

d)

there is too much water

49.
In the Calvin Cycle, ________ and ________ from the light dependent reactions convert PGA into G3P
a)
O2, ATP
b)
CO2, H2
c)
ADP, NADPH
d)
NADPH, ATP
50.
In order to efficiently create 1 glucose molecule, the Calvin Cycle must occur how many times?
a)
3
b)
6
c)
1
d)
12
51.
The 5-Carbon molecules that the Calvin Cycle starts and ends with, is called _____________.
a)
PGA
b)
G3P
c)
RuBP
d)
RuDp
52.
After 12 G3P molecules are created, 10 are used to regenerate _________, while the other 2 are used to create __________.
a)
RuBP, C6H12O6
b)
Glucose, CO2
c)
ATP, Glucose
d)
Glucose, RUBP
53.
The CO2 used in the Calvin Cycle originates from ___________.
a)
The light phase
b)
The breakdown of the remaining G3P's
c)
Diffusion through the stoma
d)
Lumen of the Thylakoid
54.
True or False: The Calvin Cycle returns ADP and NADP to the light dependent phase.
a)
True
b)
False
55.
The enzyme responsible for Carbon Fixation in C3 Photosynthesis is
a)
RuBisCo
b)
PEP Carboxylase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
Pyruvate DeHydrogenase
56.
The first molecule formed after CO2 is added to the Calvin Cycle is:
a)
RuBP
b)
G3P
c)

PGA

d)

Rubisco

57.
The molecule that comes out of the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose, and polymers like cellulose is:
a)
RuBP
b)
GP3
c)
3-PG
d)
G3P
58.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
59.
Which is not a phase of the Calvin Cycle?
a)
Carbon Fixation
b)
Reduction
c)
Regeneration of RuBP
d)
Regeneration of Oxaloacetate
60.

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Stroma

b)

Thylakoids

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

61.

What is the second stage of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Carbon fixation

b)

Reduction

c)

Regeneration of RUBP

d)

Secondary

62.

What is the first stage of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Carbon fixation

b)

Reduction

c)

Regeneration of RUBP

d)

Primary

63.

Main products of the Calvin Cycle

a)

Oxygen, NADP+, ADP

b)

Glucose, CO2, ADP

c)

ADP, NADP+, Glucose

d)

ATP, NADPH, Oxygen

64.

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Grana

c)

Inner membrane of chloroplast

d)

Stroma

65.

5 carbon sugar that combines with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle

a)

3-PGA

b)

G3P

c)

RuBP

d)

Glucose

66.

Which of the following is true of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

carbon dioxide and energy (ATP and NADPH) are used to make organic compounds

b)

energy is absorbed from sunlight and converted to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH

c)

Occurs in the thylakoid

d)

Occurs in the cytoplasm

67.

Increasing carbon dioxide can increase photosynthesis, but only to a maximum rate because

a)

There are not enough RuBP molecules

b)

Oxygen cannot leave fast enough

c)

Large amounts of CO2 cannot fit in the chloroplast

d)

Calvin cycle can only go as fast as the light reactions

68.

Temperatures that are too high can slow photosynthesis because

a)

stomata stay open

b)

enzymes are ruined

c)

there is not enough CO2

d)

there is too much water

69.
In the Calvin Cycle, ________ and ________ from the light dependent reactions convert PGA into G3P
a)
O2, ATP
b)
CO2, H2
c)
ADP, NADPH
d)
NADPH, ATP
70.
In order to efficiently create 1 glucose molecule, the Calvin Cycle must occur how many times?
a)
3
b)
6
c)
1
d)
12
71.
The 5-Carbon molecules that the Calvin Cycle starts and ends with, is called _____________.
a)
PGA
b)
G3P
c)
RuBP
d)
RuDp
72.
After 12 G3P molecules are created, 10 are used to regenerate _________, while the other 2 are used to create __________.
a)
RuBP, C6H12O6
b)
Glucose, CO2
c)
ATP, Glucose
d)
Glucose, RUBP
73.
The CO2 used in the Calvin Cycle originates from ___________.
a)
The light phase
b)
The breakdown of the remaining G3P's
c)
Diffusion through the stoma
d)
Lumen of the Thylakoid
74.
True or False: The Calvin Cycle returns ADP and NADP to the light dependent phase.
a)
True
b)
False
75.
The enzyme responsible for Carbon Fixation in C3 Photosynthesis is
a)
RuBisCo
b)
PEP Carboxylase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
Pyruvate DeHydrogenase
76.
The first molecule formed after CO2 is added to the Calvin Cycle is:
a)
RuBP
b)
G3P
c)

PGA

d)

Rubisco

77.
The molecule that comes out of the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose, and polymers like cellulose is:
a)
RuBP
b)
GP3
c)
3-PG
d)
G3P
78.
Which of the following molecules is not needed for the Calvin Cycle?
a)
CO2
b)
ATP
c)
NADPH
d)
H2O
79.
Which is not a phase of the Calvin Cycle?
a)
Carbon Fixation
b)
Reduction
c)
Regeneration of RuBP
d)
Regeneration of Oxaloacetate
80.

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Stroma

b)

Thylakoids

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

81.

What is the second stage of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Carbon fixation

b)

Reduction

c)

Regeneration of RUBP

d)

Secondary

82.

What is the first stage of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Carbon fixation

b)

Reduction

c)

Regeneration of RUBP

d)

Primary

83.
What is the name of the 1st step of cellular respiration?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Kreb's Cycle
c)
ETC
d)
Anaerobic respiration
84.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
85.
This process releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
light-independent reaction
c)
cellular respiration
d)
light-dependent reaction
86.
Glucose is broken down during which process
a)
Krebs cycle
b)
Calvin cycle
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Photosynthesis
87.
Which is not a waste product of cellular respiration?
a)
Water
b)
Heat
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Oxygen
88.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
89.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
90.
The energy in ATP is stored 
a)
in the bond between the second and third phosphate
b)
in the bond between the first and second phosphate
c)
in the bond between the adenosine and the first phosphate
d)
I like turtles
91.

Which of the following is a reactant of cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Water

d)

ATP

92.

Which of the following is a reactant of cellular respiration

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Water

c)

Oxygen

d)

ATP

93.

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Radiant Energy

94.

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

a)

Radiant Energy

b)

Oxygen

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

95.

Which statement is true regarding cellular respiration?

a)

The reactants of cellular respiration are identical to the reactants of photosynthesis.

b)

The reactants of cellular respiration are obtained from the products of photosynthesis.

c)

The products of cellular respiration are the same as the products of photosynthesis

d)

Cellular respiration only occurs in autotrophs, photosynthesis occurs only in heterotrophs.

96.

A decrease in the amount of oxygen available will....

a)

not have an effect on the amount of energy produced during cellular respiration

b)

decrease the amount of glucose produced during cellular respiration

c)

cause the amount of water produced during cellular respiration to increase

d)

decrease the amount of energy produced during cellular respiration

97.

BONUS - You are running in a long-distance marthon race. Your body cannot keep up producing ATP in the mitochondria with oxygen. because you are NOT able to breath in enough oxygen to keep up with the rate of ATP use. Explain why your body is still are able to produce ATP.

4 lines
98.

Which is a product of glycolysis?

a)

2 molecules of pyruvic acid

b)

1 molecule of glucose

c)

CO2

d)

oxygen

99.

How many ATP molecules are synthesized from 4 ADP molecules?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

1

100.

Where does the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis go next?

a)

the Calvin Cycle

b)

the electron transport chain

c)

the Krebs Cycle

d)

back through the glycolysis process

101.

Glycolysis is the ________ stage of cellular respiration.

a)

Second

b)

First

c)

Third

d)

Forth

102.

Glycolysis requires oxygen

a)

True

b)

False

103.

Which of these is broken down into pyruvic acid?

a)

Glucose

b)

G3P

c)

3PG

104.

After the NAD+ receives electrons, what does it change to?

a)

ATP

b)

NADH

c)

ADP

105.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into how many molecules of pyruvic acid?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

1

106.

Glycolysis has a net gain of how many ATP molecules?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

107.

How many ATP molecules are required to start glycolysis?

a)

Four

b)

Three

c)

Two

d)

One

108.

Finish the phrase: “As the bonds in glucose are _______ and rearranged, energy is __________.”

a)

broken, released

b)

built, trapped

c)

broken, trapped

d)

built, released

109.

Glycolysis has the potential to produce lots of energy very quickly.

a)

True

b)

False

110.

The "fuel" for the Kreb's cycle is

a)

CO2

b)

H2O

c)

GTP

d)

Acetyl-CoA

111.

How many redox reactions does the cycle involves for a single turn?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

112.

The enzyme needed to catalyze Citrate into Isocitrate

a)

Citrate synthase

b)

Aconitase

c)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

d)

Isocitrate synthase

113.

These are formed during the cycle which carries electrons and hydrogen ions to the Electron Transport Chain.

a)

CO2 and H2O

b)

NAD+ and FAD

c)

NADH and FADH

d)

GTP and CO2

114.

Succinyl CoA contains how many carbons?

a)

2

b)

6

c)

5

d)

4

115.

Which of the following intermediates is not a C4 species?

a)

Fumarate

b)

Citrate

c)

Malate

d)

Oxaloacetate

116.

How many FADH2 are formed during two turn of the Krebs cycle?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

0

117.

How many steps are there in a Citric Acid Cycle?

a)

6

b)

8

c)

9

d)

10

118.

The 2 intermediates involved in the reaction governed by the enzyme Malate dehydrogenase.

a)

Malate and Fumarate

b)

Malate and Succinate

c)

Malate and Acetyl-CoA

d)

Malate and Oxaloacetate

119.

The 2 intermediates involved in the reaction governed by the enzyme Succinyl CoA synthetase.

a)

Succinyl CoA and Succinate

b)

Succinate and Fumarate

c)

Succinyl CoA and Ketoglutarate

d)

Succinyl Coa and Fumarate

120.

NADH is in its what form?

a)

Oxidized form

b)

Reduced form

121.

FAD forming into FADH2 is a type of what reaction?

a)

Oxidation

b)

Reduction

c)

Hydration

d)

Decarboxylation

122.

The chemical reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle take place in

a)

Inner mitochondrial membrane

b)

Outer mitochondrial membrane

c)

Mitochondrial matrix

d)

Intermembrane space of mitochondria

123.

The starting point of the Kreb's Cycle

a)

Acetyl CoA and Citrate

b)

Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA

c)

Acetyl CoA and Isocitrate

d)

Acetyl CoA and CO2

124.

The products of a single turn of Citric Acid Cycle.

a)

(1) CO2, (3) NADH, (1) FADH2, (1) GTP

b)

(2) CO2, (1) NADH, (3) FADH2, (1) GTP

c)

(4) CO2, (3) NADH, (1) FADH2, (1) GTP

d)

(2) CO2, (3) NADH, (1) FADH2, (1) GTP

125.

In the electron transport chain, Oxygen acts as...

a)

a carrier of electrons, passing electrons down the chain

b)

a reducing agent

c)

the final electron acceptor

d)

a coenzyme

126.

When protons are pumped outside the matrix, across the inner membrane...

a)

water is made

b)

a concentration gradient of H+ ions (protons) is created

c)

NADH gets reduced

d)

CO2 is produced

127.

The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport chain initially belonged to

a)

NADH

b)

FADH2

c)

ATP

d)

Oxygen

e)

NADH and FADH2

128.

The movement of protons (H+ ions) through ATP synthase occurs from the...

a)

matrix to the intermembrane space

b)

matrix to cytoplasm

c)

intermembrane space to the matrix

d)

intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

e)

cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

129.

True or False: Water is produced as a byproduct during this stage of cell respiration.

a)

True

b)

False

130.

The process that enables ATP synthase to function is...

a)

endocytosis

b)

active transport

c)

pinocytosis

d)

osmosis

e)

diffusion

131.

Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host.

Which of the following observations best supports the model?

a)

 

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms both acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.

b)

 

Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.

c)

 

Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.

d)

 

Chloroplasts are separated from other subcellular compartments by semipermeable membranes.

132.

Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host.

Which of the following observations best supports the model?

a)

 

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms both acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.

b)

 

Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.

c)

 

Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.

d)

 

Chloroplasts are separated from other subcellular compartments by semipermeable membranes.

133.

A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants.

Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?

a)

 

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.

b)

 

Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere.

c)

 

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants.

d)

 

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms.

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