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WorksheetsRadiation Basics 2
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The fundamental unit of matter is the
a)
proton.
b)
neutron.
c)
electron.
d)
atom.
2.
The nucleus of an atom contains
a)
protons.
b)
neutrons.
c)
protons and neutrons.
d)
electrons.
3.
Which subatomic particle carries a negative electrical charge?
a)
A neutron
b)
A proton
c)
An electron
d)
A nucleon
4.
Which of the following statements is true of orbits or shells in the atom?
a)
Protons travel around the nucleus in well-defined shells.
b)
An atom contains innumerable shells.
c)
The energy level within each shell is the same.
d)
The orbiting shell closest to the nucleus has the highest energy level.
5.
The binding energy or binding force of an electron is
a)
determined by the distance between the neutrons and protons within the nucleus.
b)
determined by the distance between the orbiting electrons and the nucleus.
c)
weaker for electrons located in inner shells than in outer shells.
d)
determined by the atomic number.
6.
Which of the following statements is true of ionization?
a)
An atom that gains an electron will have a negative charge.
b)
An atom that loses an electron will have a negative charge.
c)
An atom that loses an electron will have a positive charge.
d)
An atom that gains an electron has a negative charge, and an atom that loses an electron has a positive charge.
7.
An ion pair results when
a)
a proton is removed from an atom.
b)
an electron is removed from an atom.
c)
a neutron is removed from an atom.
d)
two atoms share a pair of electrons.
8.
Which of the following statements is true of ionizing radiation?
a)
It is radiation that is capable of producing ions by removing or adding an electron to an atom.
b)
It is strictly an electromagnetic radiation and does not involve particles that have mass.
c)
It is strictly particulate radiation and cannot travel as waves.
d)
It can only travel at the speed of light.
9.
Cathode rays are derived from which of the following types of particulate radiation?
a)
Electrons
b)
Alpha particles
c)
Protons
d)
Neutrons
10.
Electromagnetic radiations
a)
are entirely human-made.
b)
include x-rays and visible light.
c)
are a form of particulate radiation.
d)
have mass.
11.
Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization?
a)
Radio waves
b)
Visible light
c)
Ultraviolet light
d)
X-rays
12.
Heat is a byproduct of x-ray production. Which component of the x-ray tubehead dissipates the heat created by the production of x-rays?
a)
Metal housing
b)
Insulating oil
c)
Aluminum discs
d)
Lead collimator
13.
Within the x-ray tube, electrons are generated by the
a)
tungsten filament in the cathode.
b)
tungsten filament in the anode.
c)
molybdenum cup.
d)
copper stem.
14.
The purpose of the anode is to
a)
produce electrons when heated.
b)
convert electrons into x-ray photons.
c)
absorb heat created by the production of x-rays.
d)
filter out nonpenetrating, longer-wavelength x-rays.
15.
In the dental x-ray tube, the number of electrons created is controlled by
a)
alternating current.
b)
direct current.
c)
milliamperage.
d)
kilovoltage.
16.
Thermionic emission of electrons occurs at the
a)
tungsten filament in the anode.
b)
tungsten filament in the cathode.
c)
copper stem.
d)
molybdenum cup.
17.
Approximately what percentage of the kinetic energy of the electrons is converted to x-rays at the anode?
a)
Less than 1%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
18.
The lead collimator
a)
carries away the heat produced during the production of x-rays.
b)
permits a small number of x-rays to exit from the x-ray tube.
c)
filters the longer-wavelength x-rays from the beam.
d)
restricts the size of the x-ray beam.
19.
Which of the following statements is true of characteristic radiation?
a)
It is also known as braking (bremsstrahlung) radiation.
b)
It only occurs at 70 kV and above.
c)
It is the source of the majority of x-rays that are produced.
d)
The high-speed electron passes close to the nucleus or hits the nucleus of the tungsten atom.
20.
Which form of the x-ray beam is most detrimental to the patient and operator?
a)
Primary radiation
b)
Secondary radiation
c)
Scatter radiation
d)
Useful beam
21.
Which is the most common possibility when an x-ray photon interacts with matter?
a)
No interaction
b)
Absorption or photoelectric effect
c)
Compton scatter
d)
Coherent scatter
22.
Which of the following four possibilities that can occur when an x-ray photon interacts with matter is responsible for producing densities on a dental receptor that make dental radiography possible?
a)
No interaction
b)
Absorption or photoelectric effect
c)
Compton scatter
d)
Coherent scatter
23.
Which would you adjust if you wanted to create a larger electron cloud?
a)
Milliamperage
b)
Kilovoltage
c)
Step-up transformer
d)
Step-down transformer
24.
Which would you adjust if you wanted to produce characteristic radiation?
a)
Milliamperage
b)
Kilovoltage
c)
Step-up transformer
d)
Step-down transformer
25.
Which property of x-rays allows for the image on the receptor?
a)
Fluorescence
b)
Penetrating power
c)
Focusing capability
d)
Effect on living tissue
26.
In dental radiography, the term ________ is used to describe the mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
a)
quality
b)
quantity
c)
intensity
d)
wavelength
27.
Which of the following statements is true of wavelength in reference to radiation?
a)
X-rays with shorter wavelength have less penetrating power.
b)
X-rays with longer wavelength have less penetrating power.
c)
X-rays with longer wavelength are less likely to be absorbed by matter.
d)
Milliamperage controls the wavelength and energy of the x-ray beam.
28.
______________ is a measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges.
a)
Exposure time
b)
Wavelength
c)
Voltage
d)
Ampere
29.
When the kilovoltage is increased
a)
electrons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.
b)
photons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed.
c)
electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.
d)
photons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed.
30.
When contrasted with the use of 70 kV for dental x-rays, the use of 60 kV produces
a)
more penetrating dental x-rays with longer wavelength.
b)
less penetrating dental x-rays with longer wavelength.
c)
more penetrating dental x-rays with shorter wavelength.
d)
less penetrating dental x-rays with shorter wavelength.
31.
The kVp represents
a)
the mean x-ray tube voltage.
b)
the mean filament voltage.
c)
the maximum or peak voltage of an alternating current.
d)
the maximum or peak voltage of a direct current.
32.
When kilovolt is increased, a
a)
lower energy x-ray beam with increased penetrating ability results.
b)
lower energy x-ray beam with decreased penetrating ability results.
c)
higher energy x-ray beam with increased penetrating ability results.
d)
higher energy x-ray beam with decreased penetrating ability results.
33.
When lower kilovoltage settings are used, an image with ____ will result.
a)
high contrast
b)
low contrast
c)
many shades of gray
d)
there is no change in contrast
34.
An image with “low” contrast
a)
is useful for the detection of periodontal or periapical disease and has many shades of gray.
b)
is useful for the detection and progression of dental caries and has many shades of gray.
c)
is useful for the detection of periodontal or periapical disease and has many black and white areas.
d)
is useful for the detection and progression of dental caries and has many black and white areas.
35.
Exposure time is measured in
a)
kV.
b)
milliamperage.
c)
density.
d)
impulses.
36.
The quantity of the x-rays produced is controlled by
a)
voltage.
b)
kilovoltage.
c)
kilovoltage peak.
d)
milliamperage.
37.
Milliamperage regulates the _________ of electrons produced at the cathode filament.
a)
quality
b)
quantity
c)
speed
d)
power
38.
In regard to increasing density
a)
an increase in either kV or mA will increase density.
b)
an increase in kV will increase density, but an increase in mA will not increase density.
c)
an increase in mA will increase density, but an increase in kV will not increase density.
d)
neither an increase in kV nor an increase in mA will increase density.
39.
Which of the following changes will increase x-ray beam intensity?
a)
Decreasing the kilovoltage
b)
Decreasing the milliamperage
c)
Decreasing the exposure time
d)
Decreasing the source-to-film distance
40.
According to the inverse square law, if the length of the PID is halved, the resultant beam is ___________ as intense.
a)
four times
b)
twice
c)
half
d)
one quarter
41.
Aluminum filters are used to remove _______-energy, ________ wavelength x-rays.
a)
low; longer
b)
high; longer
c)
low; shorter
d)
high; shorter
42.
Aluminum filters
a)
remove more penetrating x-rays from the beam.
b)
decrease the mean penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
c)
remove high-energy x-rays from the beam.
d)
reduce the intensity of the x-ray beam.
43.
You have been using a dental x-ray machine that has a 4-inch PID. Your new machine has an 8-inch PID. Given that all exposure factors remain the same, according to the inverse square law, the resultant beam would be ___________ as intense.
a)
four times
b)
twice
c)
half
d)
one quarter
44.
(1) As kilovoltage, milliamperage, and time increase, x-ray beam intensity decreases. (2) As distance and filtration increase, the intensity of the x-ray beam increases.
a)
Both statements are true.
b)
Both statements are false.
c)
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
d)
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
45.
You are going to take dental images on your patient. He is larger than average. What machine setting adjustment should you make prior to taking dental images?
a)
Increase kV.
b)
Increase mA.
c)
Increase impulses.
d)
You don’t need to make any adjustments.
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