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Worksheets2600 exam 2 review
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 52mins
What is the primary effect of exercise on ventilation?
Decreased tidal volume
Increased tidal volume
Decreased alveolar ventilation
No change in breathing patterns
During strenuous exercise, alveolar ventilation can increase up to:
10 L/min
50 L/min
80 L/min
120 L/min
What is the relationship between exercise intensity and alveolar ventilation?
Exponential increase
Linear increase
No correlation
Inverse relationship
What is the primary function of ventilation-perfusion matching during exercise?
Prevents oxygen from reaching the alveoli
Ensures efficient gas exchange
Increases carbon dioxide retention
Reduces blood flow to the muscles
Which of the following best describes the initial change in ventilation at the start of exercise?
Abrupt increase
Gradual increase
No change
Abrupt decrease
The aerobic energy system primarily relies on:
Carbohydrates only
Oxygen
Lactic acid
ATP stored in muscles
What happens when exercise intensity exceeds 60-70% of VO2 max?
PaO2 levels drop drastically
No significant changes in PaO2 or PaCO2
pH increases
Blood flow to muscles decreases
What is a key physiological adaptation of aerobic training?
Decreased VO2 max
Increased cardiovascular efficiency
Increased anaerobic threshold
Decreased oxygen utilization
Which factor is most responsible for improved endurance with training?
Higher lactic acid production
Increased capillary density
Reduced hemoglobin levels
Decreased alveolar ventilation
What metabolic change occurs during very high-intensity exercise?
Increase in blood pH
Decrease in PaCO2
Stabilization of lactate production
Increased oxygen saturation
What is the primary determinant of cardiac output?
Heart rate and stroke volume
Respiratory rate
VO2 max
Blood pressure
How does cardiac output change during exercise?
Increases slightly
Decreases
Remains constant
Can increase up to eight-fold
Which adaptation occurs in muscle capillaries with endurance training?
Decreased density
No change
Increased density
Increased resistance
Blood flow during exercise is redirected from:
The muscles to the brain
The heart to the digestive organs
Inactive organs to active muscles
The lungs to the kidneys
What is the primary role of pulmonary arterial pressure during exercise?
Reducing blood pressure
Ensuring adequate oxygen transport
Preventing hyperventilation
Decreasing cardiac output
What does the 6 MWT primarily assess?
Maximum strength
Functional capacity
VO2 max
Resting metabolic rate
Which is a key advantage of CPET over 6MWT?
Measures functional capacity
Simpler to administer
Measures only heart rate
Provides more detailed physiological data
A CPET test is useful in diagnosing:
Only cardiac issues
Only respiratory issues
Both cardiac and pulmonary limitations
Strength and endurance
What is the primary clinical application of the CPET?
Evaluating anaerobic strength
Measuring peak VO2 for diagnosis
Identifying nutritional deficiencies
Assessing resting heart rate
Which parameter is most indicative of exercise capacity?
Peak VO2
Blood pressure
Maximum heart rate
Respiratory rate
What is the primary effect of aerobic training on the heart?
Increased stroke volume
Decreased stroke volume
Increased resting heart rate
Reduced cardiac output
What is a key function of thermoregulation during exercise?
Prevents muscle fatigue
Maintains oxygen saturation
Regulates body temperature
Increases lactic acid clearance
What is the primary goal of pulmonary rehabilitation?
Improve respiratory function
Increase lactic acid levels
Reduce cardiac output
Prevent weight gain
Which of the following is a common medication used in pulmonary rehab?
Insulin
Bronchodilators
Antihistamines
Beta blockers
What happens to heart rate with endurance training?
Increases at rest
Decreases at rest
Remains unchanged
Becomes unstable
What happens to oxygen diffusion capacity during intense exercise?
Decreased due to high CO2 levels
Remains the same
Stops after reaching threshold
Increases up to three-fold
What happens to PaO2 and PaCO2 levels at moderate exercise intensities?
Large fluctuations occur
No significant changes occur
PaCO2 levels rise significantly
PaO2 drops sharply
During very intense exercise, which of the following occurs?
Increased blood pH
Declining PaCO2 levels
Increased alveolar dead space
Decreased alveolar ventilation
What occurs when exercise surpasses 40% of VO2 max?
Oxygen extraction decreases
Cardiac output decreases
Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference increases
Capillary recruitment decreases
Which condition might affect oxygen diffusion during exercise?
Polycythemia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Increased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen
Increased atmospheric pressure
How does blood pressure respond to aerobic exercise?
Systolic pressure increases, diastolic pressure remains stable
Both systolic and diastolic pressure decrease
No change in either pressure
Both pressures increase significantly
Which of the following is responsible for the redistribution of blood during exercise?
Vasodilation in active muscles
Vasoconstriction in muscles
Increased sympathetic nerve activity to inactive muscles
Decreased heart rate
What is an essential component of successful pulmonary rehab?
One-time participation
Personalized treatment plans
Minimal patient education
Rigid, uniform programs
What is the primary goal of pulmonary function assessments in rehabilitation?
Predict hospitalization risk
Identify muscle weakness
Assess pain levels
Measure emotional well-being
What is a limitation of the 6MWT?
Requires specialized equipment
Only applicable to athletes
Measures only maximal performance
Cannot differentiate cardiac and pulmonary conditions
Which factor is considered when interpreting CPET results?
Age and gender
Blood type
Skin tone
Ethnic background
How does the body maintain temperature homeostasis during exercise?
Increasing stroke volume
Reducing ventilation
Vasodilation and sweating
Decreasing cardiac output
Which factor significantly influences individual exercise performance?
PCWP
ABG levels
Muscle capillary density
Peripheral nerve conduction
What happens to metabolic demand during prolonged exercise?
Remains the same
Increases, requiring higher oxygen uptake
Decreases due to lactate accumulation
Is independent of oxygen consumption
Which of the following are benefits of moderate exercise? Select all that apply.
Reduced stress, anxiety and depression
Reduced weight
Decreased bone density
Improved sleep quality
Which of the following can produce vasodilation of working muscles? Select all that apply.
Adenosine triphosphate
Aldosterone
Acetylcholine
Lactic acid
What is the formula for calculating the maximum heart rate?
220 - age in years
250 - (age in years x 2)
250 - (age in years + 20)
220 - (age in years x 1.5)
How does the Frank Starling curve affect stroke volume during exercise?
The increased sympathetic stimulation causes the heart to be faster with smaller stroke volumes
The Frank-Starling curve is only activated when the heart rate reaches 90% of the maximum targeted rate
The increased venous return causes cardiac chambers to increase in size and thus contract with more force
The Frank-Starling law only affects heart rate, not stroke volume
What changes in arterial blood gases would be expected to occur during very heavy exercise?
PaO2 would decline
PaCO2 would decline
pH would decline
none of the above
What is the term for the point at which the energy pathways that produce lactic acid start to operate?
Aerobic threshold
Anaerobic threshold
Cardiovascular threshold
Isometric threshold
A 60-year-old male patient is undergoing a CPET to assess his exercise tolerance. Using the standard formula, what is his estimated maximum heart rate?
150 bpm
160 bpm
140 bpm
130 bpm
A 55-year-old female patient with COPD is enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. After 6 weeks, her 6MWT distance improves from 250 meters to 375 meters. What does this improvement suggest?
Decreased oxygen utilization
Worsening exercise tolerance
Increased ventilatory efficiency
Increased blood CO2 retention
A 45-year-old long distance runner reports shortness of breath and dizziness during intense training sessions. Further assessments reveal a decrease in PaO2 during exercise. What is the most likely cause?
Alveolar hyperventilation
Exercise-induced hypoxemia
Pulmonary fibrosis
Decreased alveolar ventilation
A 50-year-old patient undergoes an exercise stress test. As exercise intensity increases, his cardiac output increases linearly. Which physiological changes primarily contribute to this increase?
Increased stroke volume and heart rate
Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
Reduced oxygen consumption
Decreased alveolar ventilation
A 38-year-old recreational cyclist notices that beyond a certain intensity, her breathing rate increases disproportionately compared to workload. This occurs around 75% of her VO2 max. What physiological process is most likely responsible?
Onset of anaerobic metabolism
Decreased tidal volume
Reduced muscle oxygen demand
Decreased alveolar ventilation
