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Circulatory and Respiratory System

Total questions: 190

Worksheet time: 2hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Histology

-Has striations, that are branching uninucleate cells that interdigitate (fit together) at junctions called intercalated discs. These structural modifications allow to act as a unit

-As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation, involuntary control

-Found in the walls of the heart

a)

Cardiac muscle

b)

Skeletal muscle

c)

Smooth muscle

2.

Heart Anatomy

a)

-Cone-shaped muscular organ located medial to the lungs

-Posterior to the sternum

b)

-Within the mediastinum (central compartment of the thoracic cavity)

c)

Base: broad superior portion of heart (directed to R shoulder) [Mainly L atrium and R atrium]
Apex: narrow inferior point (directed to L hip) [Mainly L ventricle

d)

Attached inferiorly to the diaphragm

3.

Pericardium Anatomy

Composed of

a)

Fibrous Pericardium CT: double-walled sac around the heart composed of a superficial fibrous pericardium
- Protects and anchors
- Prevents overstretching

b)

Serous Pericardium: Deeper; is a thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart
- Friction reduction

c)

Parietal layer: outer layer, firmly attached to fibrous pericardium (no space between them)

d)

Pericardial cavity: between parietal and visceral layer

-Releases serous fluid, lubricant to reduce friction as the heart beats

e)

Visceral layer: inner layer, surrounds the heart

(myocardium)

4.

Serous Pericardium

Composed of

a)

Fibrous Pericardium CT: double-walled sac around the heart composed of a superficial fibrous pericardium
- Protects and anchors
- Prevents overstretching

b)

Serous Pericardium: Deeper; is a thinner, more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart
- Friction reduction

c)

Parietal layer: outer layer, firmly attached to fibrous pericardium (no space between them)

d)

Pericardial cavity: between parietal and visceral layer

-Releases serous fluid, lubricant to reduce friction as the heart beats

e)

Visceral layer: inner layer, surrounds the heart

(myocardium)

5.

Heart Wall Layers

a)

Epicardium:

visceral layer of serous pericardium
- simple squamous epithelium
- Areolar CT and Adipose CT'

b)

Myocardium:

  • Thickest layer.

  • Composed of cardiac muscle tissue (involuntary, striated, branched).

  • Responsible for pumping action of the heart.
    - Myocarditis: Inflammation of the myocardium, weak pumping & arrhythmias

c)

Endocardium

  • Thin, smooth lining of chambers and valves.

  • Continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels.

  • Reduces friction as blood flows inside the heart.
    - Endocarditis: Inflammation of the endocardium, valve destruction & emboli.

6.

Valves 1

-Contains: chordae tendinae and papillary

-Between R atrium and ventricle

Funx: prevent blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts [Deoxygenated blood]

Open: Atrial systole

Close: Ventricular systole

(Pulmonary circulation)

a)

Tricuspid valve

b)

Bicuspid valve

c)

Aortic semilunar valve

d)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

7.

Valves 2

-Contains: chordae tendineae and papillary

-Between L atrium and ventricle

Funx: prevent blood from flowing back into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts [Oxygenated blood] (flows unidirectionally)

Open: Atrial systole

Close: Ventricular systole

(Systematic circulation)

a)

Tricuspid valve

b)

Bicuspid (Mitral) valve

c)

Aortic semilunar valve

d)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

8.

Valves 3

-Made of three crescent-shaped cusps, semilunar

-Between the left ventricle and the aorta

Opens when L ventricle contracts (systole), allowing oxygenated blood to flow into the aorta and out to the body.

Closes when L ventricle relaxes (diastole), preventing backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle

(Systemic circulation)

a)

Tricuspid valve

b)

Bicuspid (Mitral) valve

c)

Aortic semilunar valve

d)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

9.

Valves

-Made of three crescent-shaped cusps, semilunar

-Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Opens when R ventricle contracts (systole), allowing deoxygenated blood to flow into the pulmonary trunk into the lungs

Closes when R ventricle relaxes (diastole), preventing backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle.

(Pulmonary circulation)

a)

Tricuspid valve

b)

Bicuspid (Mitral) valve

c)

Aortic semilunar valve

d)

Pulmonary semilunar valve

10.

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart

(poor) superior & inferior vena cava → R atrium → tricuspid valve → R ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → L atrium (rich)

a)

Systematic Circuits

b)

Pulmonary Circuits

11.

Carries oxygenated blood to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.

(rich) Pulmonary veins → L atrium → bicuspid valve → L ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta → body (use up) → Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → R Atrium (poor)

a)

Systematic Circuits

b)

Pulmonary Circuits

12.

Coronary Circulation 4

Aorta → coronary vessels

from L coronary artery

(Left)

a)

Circumflex branch

b)

Ant. interventricular artery

c)

Marginal branch

d)

Post. interventricular artery

13.

Coronary Circulation 3

Aorta → coronary vessels

from L coronary artery

a)

Circumflex branch

b)

Ant. interventricular artery

c)

Marginal branch

d)

Post. interventricular artery

14.

Coronary Circulation 2

Aorta → coronary vessels

from R coronary artery

a)

Circumflex branch

b)

Ant. interventricular artery

c)

Right Marginal branch

d)

Post. interventricular artery

15.

Coronary Circulation 5

Aorta → coronary vessels

from L coronary artery

a)

Circumflex branch

b)

Ant. interventricular artery

c)

Left Marginal branch

d)

Post. interventricular artery

16.

Coronary Circulation 27

Aorta → coronary vessels

(below IVC)

a)

Circumflex branch

b)

Ant. interventricular artery

c)

Right Marginal branch

d)

L Marginal artery

e)

Post. interventricular artery

17.

Coronary Circulation

1

a)

Right Coronary artery

b)

Left Pulmonary vein

c)

Right Pulmonary vein

d)

Posterior Left Ventricular branch

e)

Descending Aorta

18.

Coronary Circulation

6

a)

Right Coronary artery

b)

Left Pulmonary vein

c)

Right Pulmonary vein

d)

Posterior Left Ventricular branch

e)

Descending Aorta

19.

Coronary Circulation

7

a)

Right Coronary artery

b)

Left Pulmonary vein

c)

Right Pulmonary vein

d)

Posterior Left Ventricular branch

e)

Descending Aorta

20.

Coronary Circulation

8

a)

Right Coronary artery

b)

Left Pulmonary vein

c)

Right Pulmonary vein

d)

Posterior Left Ventricular branch

e)

Descending Aorta

21.

Coronary Circulation

9

a)

Right Coronary artery

b)

Left Pulmonary vein

c)

Right Pulmonary vein

d)

Posterior Left Ventricular branch

e)

Descending Aorta

22.

Coronary Circulation

14

a)

Posterior Vein Left Ventricle

b)

Inferior Vena Cava

c)

Superior Vena Cava

d)

Right Brachiocephalic vein

e)

Left Brachiocephalic vein

23.

Coronary Circulation

16

a)

Posterior Vein Left Ventricle

b)

Inferior Vena Cava

c)

Superior Vena Cava

d)

Right Brachiocephalic vein

e)

Left Brachiocephalic vein

24.

Coronary Circulation

17

a)

Posterior Vein Left Ventricle

b)

Inferior Vena Cava

c)

Superior Vena Cava

d)

Right Brachiocephalic vein

e)

Left Brachiocephalic vein

25.

Coronary Circulation

18

a)

Posterior Vein Left Ventricle

b)

Inferior Vena Cava

c)

Superior Vena Cava

d)

Right Brachiocephalic vein

e)

Left Brachiocephalic vein

26.

Coronary Circulation

19

a)

Posterior Vein Left Ventricle

b)

Inferior Vena Cava

c)

Superior Vena Cava

d)

Right Brachiocephalic vein

e)

Left Brachiocephalic vein

27.

20

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Right Pulmonary artery

c)

Left Pulmonary artery

d)

Ascending Aorta

e)

Aortic arch

28.

21

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Right Pulmonary artery

c)

Left Pulmonary artery

d)

Ascending Aorta

e)

Aortic arch

29.

29

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Right Pulmonary artery

c)

Left Pulmonary artery

d)

Ascending Aorta

e)

Aortic arch

30.

22

systematic

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Right Pulmonary artery

c)

Left Pulmonary artery

d)

Ascending Aorta

e)

Aortic arch

31.

23

systematic

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Right Pulmonary artery

c)

Left Pulmonary artery

d)

Ascending Aorta

e)

Aortic arch

32.

24

systematic

-divides into right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery

a)

Brachiocephalic trunk

b)

Left common carotid artery

c)

Left subclavian artery

d)

Left coronary artery

e)

Aortic arch

33.

25

systematic

a)

Brachiocephalic trunk

b)

Left common carotid artery

c)

Left subclavian artery

d)

Left coronary artery

e)

Aortic arch

34.

26

systematic

a)

Brachiocephalic trunk

b)

Left common carotid artery

c)

Left subclavian artery

d)

Left coronary artery

e)

Aortic arch

35.

28

a)

Brachiocephalic trunk

b)

Left common carotid artery

c)

Left subclavian artery

d)

Left coronary artery

e)

Aortic arch

36.

Coronary Veins

12

a)

Great cardiac vein

b)

Middle cardiac vein

c)

Small cardiac vein

d)

Anterior cardiac veins

e)

Coronary sinus

37.

Coronary Veins

11

(posterior)

a)

Great cardiac vein

b)

Middle cardiac vein

c)

Small cardiac vein

d)

Anterior cardiac veins

e)

Coronary sinus

38.

Coronary Veins

10

(right)

a)

Great cardiac vein

b)

Middle cardiac vein

c)

Small cardiac vein

d)

Anterior cardiac veins

e)

Coronary sinus

39.

Coronary Veins

13

(right)

a)

Great cardiac vein

b)

Middle cardiac vein

c)

Small cardiac vein

d)

Anterior cardiac veins

e)

Coronary sinus

40.

Coronary Veins

15

-Large venous channel located on the posterior surface of the heart in the coronary sulcus

-Main vein of the heart that collects most of the deoxygenated blood and waste from the myocardium.

-Drains into the right atrium

a)

Great cardiac vein

b)

Middle cardiac vein

c)

Small cardiac vein

d)

Anterior cardiac veins

e)

Coronary sinus

41.

1

-In both atriums, but abundant in the R atrium

a)

Pectinate muscle

b)

Crista terminalis

c)

Sinoatrial node

d)

Interventricular septum

e)

Anterior interventricular sulcus

42.

2

-only in R atrium

a)

Pectinate muscle

b)

Crista terminalis

c)

Sinoatrial node

d)

Interventricular septum

e)

Anterior interventricular sulcus

43.

3

-only in R atrium

-heart's natural pacemaker

a)

Pectinate muscle

b)

Crista terminalis

c)

Sinoatrial node

d)

Interventricular septum

e)

Anterior interventricular sulcus

44.

4

separates the left and right ventricles of the heart

a)

Pectinate muscle

b)

Crista terminalis

c)

Sinoatrial node

d)

Interventricular septum

e)

Anterior interventricular sulcus

45.

5

depression located on the anterior surface of the heart

-Separates the left and right ventricles of the heart

a)

Pectinate muscle

b)

Crista terminalis

c)

Sinoatrial node

d)

Interventricular septum

e)

Anterior interventricular sulcus

46.

6

-irregular muscular ridges and columns on the inner walls of the heart's ventricles

-attach to the chordae tendineae 

-only found in the ventricles

a)

Trabeculae carneae

b)

Papillary muscles

c)

Fossa ovalis

(foramen ovale)

d)

Ligamentum arteriosum

e)

Azygous vein

47.

7

-attach to the chordae tendineae 

-only found in the ventricles

-prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria

a)

Trabeculae carneae

b)

Papillary muscles

c)

Fossa ovalis

(foramen ovale)

d)

Ligamentum arteriosum

e)

Azygous vein

48.

8

-allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the lungs and enter the systemic circulation. 

  • -After birth it closes and remains as a scar-like structure. 

a)

Trabeculae carneae

b)

Papillary muscles

c)

Fossa ovalis

(foramen ovale)

d)

Ligamentum arteriosum

e)

Azygous vein

49.

9

-fibrous cord that connects the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

-temporary blood vessel that shunts blood from the fetus's lungs to the aorta

-no functional role in adults

a)

Trabeculae carneae

b)

Papillary muscles

c)

Fossa ovalis

(foramen ovale)

d)

Ligamentum arteriosum

e)

Azygous vein

50.

10

-provide an alternative pathway for blood to return to the heart in case of obstruction of the SVC or IVC

-helps to drain blood from the posterior chest wall, abdomen, and lower back. 

a)

Trabeculae carneae

b)

Papillary muscles

c)

Fossa ovalis

(foramen ovale)

d)

Ligamentum arteriosum

e)

Azygous vein

51.

11

-In R atrium

-"crux cordis"

a)

Opening of coronary sinus

b)

Valve of coronary sinus

c)

Valve of IVC

d)

Orifice of IVC

e)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

52.

12

-In R atrium

-Thebesian valve, guards opening of the coronary sinus

a)

Opening of coronary sinus

b)

Valve of coronary sinus

c)

Valve of IVC

d)

Orifice of IVC

e)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

53.

13

-In R atrium

-In fetus, the valve helps to direct blood flow from the IVC into the foramen ovale

a)

Opening of coronary sinus

b)

Valve of coronary sinus

c)

Valve of IVC

d)

Orifice of IVC

e)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

54.

14

-In R atrium

-entry point for the inferior vena cava into the heart

a)

Opening of coronary sinus

b)

Valve of coronary sinus

c)

Valve of IVC

d)

Orifice of IVC

e)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

55.

15

-coordinate electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles

-key function being the slight delay in the signal transmission.

a)

Opening of coronary sinus

b)

Valve of coronary sinus

c)

Valve of IVC

d)

Orifice of IVC

e)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

56.

16

-raised, oval-shaped border that surrounds the fossa ovalis

a)

Limbus of fossa ovalis

b)

Apex

c)

Chordae tendineae

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

Right branch of Bundle of His

57.

17

- inferior tip of the heart, formed primarily by the left ventricle

a)

Limbus of fossa ovalis

b)

Apex

c)

Chordae tendineae

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

Right branch of Bundle of His

58.

18

-connect the atrioventricular (AV) valves (mitral and tricuspid) to the papillary muscles

a)

Limbus of fossa ovalis

b)

Apex

c)

Chordae tendineae

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

Right branch of Bundle of His

59.

19

-transmit electrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles, causing them to contract in a coordinated manner

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Apex

c)

Chordae tendineae

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

Right branch of Bundle of His

60.

20

- transmits impulses from the bundle of His down the interventricular septum to the right ventricle, causing it to contract

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Apex

c)

Chordae tendineae

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

Right branch of Bundle of His

61.

21

- transmits impulses from the bundle of His down the interventricular septum to the left ventricle, causing it to contract

-give rise to Purkinje fibers

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Esophagus

c)

Trachea

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

62.

23

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Esophagus

c)

Trachea

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

63.

24

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Esophagus

c)

Trachea

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

64.

25

a)

Left branch of Bundle of His

b)

Esophagus

c)

Trachea

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

65.

26

-larger airway that branches off the windpipe (trachea) and leads to the right lung

a)

Fatty tissue

b)

Trachea cartilage

c)

Annular ligament

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

66.

27

-providing energy and heat

a)

Fatty tissue

b)

Trachea cartilage

c)

Annular ligament

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

67.

28

-rings that support and protect the trachea

a)

Fatty tissue

b)

Trachea cartilage

c)

Annular ligament

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

68.

29

-fibrous connective tissue that forms the trachea's circular

-structural integrity and allow for slight flexibility, helping to keep the airway open and prevent it from collapsing. 

a)

Fatty tissue

b)

Trachea cartilage

c)

Annular ligament

d)

Left bronchus

e)

Right bronchus

69.

Auscultation = Sounds of valve closure

What causes the "lub-dub" sound in the heart?

Lub?

1st heart sound

a)

Recoil of blood against Right AV valve (tricuspid) and Left AV valve (bicuspid) closing after the atria pump blood into the ventricles

b)

Recoil of blood against Pulmonary semilunar valve and Aortic semilunar valve closing after the ventricles contract to pump blood away from the heart

c)

Beginning of systole (contraction)

d)

Beginning of diastole (relaxation)

e)

In short: closing of AV valves during ventricular systole

70.

Auscultation = Sounds of valve closure

What causes the "lub-dub" sound in the heart?

Dub?

2nd heart sound

a)

Recoil of blood against Right AV valve (tricuspid) and Left AV valve (bicuspid) closing after the atria pump blood into the ventricles

b)

Recoil of blood against Pulmonary semilunar valve and Aortic semilunar valve closing after the ventricles contract to pump blood away from the heart

c)

Beginning of systole (contraction)

d)

Beginning of diastole (relaxation)

e)

In short: closing of semilunar valves during diastole

71.

Cardiac Cycle
-number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm). 

a)

Heart rate

b)

Systole

c)

Diastole

d)

Pulse

e)

Cycle

72.

Cardiac Cycle
contraction

-LUB

a)

Heart rate

b)

Systole

c)

Diastole

d)

Pulse

e)

Cycle

73.

Cardiac Cycle
relaxation

-DUB

a)

Heart rate

b)

Systole

c)

Diastole

d)

Pulse

e)

Cycle

74.

Cardiac Cycle
pressure wave in arteries during systole

rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them

a)

Heart rate

b)

Systole

c)

Diastole

d)

Pulse

e)

Cycle

75.

Cardiac Cycle
systole to systole

a series of pressure changes causing blood movement

-involving the diastole (relaxation and filling) and systole (contraction and ejection) of the heart chambers

a)

Heart rate

b)

Systole

c)

Diastole

d)

Pulse

e)

Cardiac Cycle

76.

Blood Pressure

a)

due to pumping of heart & flow of blood in vessels

b)

Systolic pressure: when heart contract

c)

Diastolic pressure: heart relaxing

d)

-BP greatest in aorta

-BP decreases as cross-sectional area increases

-About zero at vena cava

77.

Measuring pressure with a spygmomanomenter

a)

s

b)

s

78.

Electrical Conduction

  • Provided by autorhythmic cells (within the heart)

  • -Generate action potentials without external signals

  • These cells make up the conduction system (SA node, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers).

  • They set the heart’s basic rhythm.

    • “Self-excitable” → can depolarize spontaneously due to unstable resting membrane potential (pacemaker potential)

a)

Intrinsic stimulation

b)

Extrinsic stimulation

79.

Electrical Conduction

  • Outside the heart.

  • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hormones (HM) influence

  • They don’t create the rhythm, but they modify rate and strength of contraction:

    • Sympathetic stimulation = ↑ heart rate and force.

    • Parasympathetic stimulation (via vagus nerve) = ↓ heart rate.

    • Hormones (like epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone) → also increase rate/force

a)

Intrinsic stimulation

b)

Extrinsic stimulation

80.

ECG (EKG)

-Atrial depolarization (atria contract right after).

a)

P wave

b)

QRS complex

c)

P-Q interval

d)

S-T segment

e)

Q-T interval

81.

ECG (EKG)

-Impulse delay at AV node (SA node → AV node conduction).

Ensures atria contract before ventricles.

a)

P wave

b)

QRS complex

c)

P-Q interval

d)

S-T segment

e)

Q-T interval

82.

ECG (EKG)

Ventricular depolarization (ventricles contract right after).

Atrial repolarization happens here too, but it’s hidden by the large QRS signal

a)

P wave

b)

QRS complex

c)

P-Q interval

d)

S-T segment

e)

Q-T interval

83.

ECG (EKG)

Ventricular fibers are fully depolarized (plateau phase of action potential).

Clinical note: Elevation/depression can indicate ischemia or myocardial infarction

a)

P wave

b)

QRS complex

c)

P-Q interval

d)

S-T segment

e)

Q-T interval

84.

ECG (EKG)

Time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization.

Represents the full ventricular action potential (contraction + relaxation).

Prolonged QT can predispose to dangerous arrhythmias.

a)

P wave

b)

QRS complex

c)

P-Q interval

d)

S-T segment

e)

Q-T interval

85.

ECG (EKG)

  • 12 Leads → give different “views” of the heart’s electrical activity.

  • Records depolarization & repolarization of atria and ventricles

a)

Electrocardiogram ECG

b)

Waves

c)

Intervals

d)

Segments

e)

Q-T interval

86.

ECG (EKG)

  • actual depolarization/repolarization events

a)

Electrocardiogram ECG

b)

Waves

c)

Intervals

d)

Segments

e)

Q-T interval

87.

ECG (EKG)

  • time it takes to go from one part of conduction to another

a)

Electrocardiogram ECG

b)

Waves

c)

Intervals

d)

Segments

e)

Q-T interval

88.

ECG (EKG)

  • periods when the fibers are flat-lined at a certain state (fully depolarized or repolarized)

a)

Electrocardiogram ECG

b)

Waves

c)

Intervals

d)

Segments

e)

Q-T interval

89.

Heart Rate
60-100 BPM

Lower in “fit” individuals

a)

Normal

b)

Bradycardia

c)

Tachycardia

90.

Heart Rate
<60 BPM

a)

Normal

b)

Bradycardia

c)

Tachycardia

91.

Heart Rate
>100 BPM

a)

Normal

b)

Bradycardia

c)

Tachycardia

92.

identify the heart part

1

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Aorta

93.

identify the heart part

2

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Aorta

94.

identify the heart part

3

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Aorta

95.

identify the heart part

4

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Aorta

96.

identify the heart part

7

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Tricuspid valve

(Right AV valve)

c)

Semilunar valve

(Pulmonary)

Transports blood to the lung

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

(lung to heart)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

97.

identify the heart part

8

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Tricuspid valve

(Right AV valve)

c)

Pulmonary Semilunar valve

Transports blood to the lung

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

(lung to heart)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

98.

identify the heart part

9

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Tricuspid valve

(Right AV valve)

c)

Semilunar valve

(Pulmonary)

Transports blood to the lung

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

(lung to heart)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

99.

identify the heart part

10

a)

Pulmonary Trunk

b)

Tricuspid valve

(Right AV valve)

c)

Semilunar valve

(Pulmonary)

Transports blood to the lung

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

(lung to heart)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

100.

identify the heart part

12

a)

Superior Vena Cava

(brings poor-oxygen blood from superior part of the body to the RA of heart)

b)

Trabeculae Carneae

c)

Pectinate muscles

d)

Left Pulmonary artery

(heart to lung)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

101.

identify the heart part

13

a)

Superior Vena Cava

(brings poor-oxygen blood from superior part of the body to the RA of heart)

b)

Trabeculae Carneae

c)

Pectinate muscles

(only on atriums)

d)

Left Pulmonary artery

(heart to lung)

e)

Bicuspid valve

(Left AV valve)

102.

identify the heart part

a)

Superior Vena Cava

(brings poor-oxygen blood from superior part of the body to the RA of heart)

b)

Trabeculae Carneae

c)

Pectinate muscles

d)

Left Pulmonary artery

(heart to lung)

e)

Aortic Semilunar valve

103.

identify the heart part

1

a)

Right Atrium

(auricle)

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Inferior Vena Cava

104.

identify the heart part

2

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Inferior Vena Cava

105.

identify the heart part

3

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

(auricle)

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Inferior Vena Cava

106.

identify the heart part

4

a)

Right Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

c)

Left Atrium

d)

Left Ventricle

e)

Inferior Vena Cava

107.

identify the heart part

1

a)

Right Pulmonary artery

b)

Right Pulmonary vein

c)

Inferior Vena Cava

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

e)

Left Pulmonary artery

108.

identify the heart part

2

a)

Right Pulmonary artery

b)

Right Pulmonary vein

c)

Inferior Vena Cava

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

e)

Left Pulmonary artery

109.

identify the heart part

3

a)

Aorta

b)

Superior Vena Cava

c)

Inferior Vena Cava

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

e)

Left Pulmonary artery

110.

identify the heart part

4

a)

Aorta

b)

Superior Vena Cava

c)

Inferior Vena Cava

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

e)

Left Pulmonary artery

111.

identify the heart part

5

a)

Aorta

b)

Superior Vena Cava

c)

Inferior Vena Cava

d)

Left Pulmonary vein

e)

Left Pulmonary artery

112.

Types of blood vessels

-Have valves

-Thinner muscle layer

-Usually carry poor-oxygen blood

-Take blood TOWARD the heart

a)

Veins

b)

Arteries

c)

Capillaries

113.

Types of blood vessels

-Have NO valves

-Thicker muscle layer

-Usually carry rich-oxygen blood

-Take blood AWAY from the heart

a)

Veins

b)

Arteries

c)

Capillaries

114.

Exception

-Carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

-TOWARD the heart

a)

Pulmonary veins

b)

Pulmonary arteries

115.

Exception

-Carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lung

-AWAY from the heart

a)

Pulmonary veins

b)

Pulmonary artery

116.

Cardiac cycle

The contraction, or pumping phase

a)

Systole

b)

Diastole

117.

Cardiac cycle

The relaxation, or filling phase

a)

Systole

b)

Diastole

118.

number of beats per minute

a)

Heart rate (HR)

(pulse)

b)

Stroke volume (SV)

c)

Cardiac output (CO)

d)

Blood pressure

e)

Sphygmomanometer

119.

the amount of blood pumped in a single contraction

a)

Heart rate (HR)

(pulse)

b)

Stroke volume (SV)

c)

Cardiac output (CO)

d)

Blood pressure

e)

Sphygmomanometer

120.

volume of blood pumped into the systemic circulation per minute and depends on both the heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)

(SV x HR = CO)

a)

Heart rate (HR)

(pulse)

b)

Stroke volume (SV)

c)

Cardiac output (CO)

d)

Blood pressure

e)

Sphygmomanometer

121.

pressure of blood on the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood around your body

-Systole: blood pressure in arteries reach its max

-Diastole: blood pressure in arteries reach its min

a)

Heart rate (HR)

(pulse)

b)

Stroke volume (SV)

c)

Cardiac output (CO)

d)

Blood pressure

e)

Sphygmomanometer

122.

Used to determine blood pressure

Systolic/Diastolic

(120/80)

a)

Heart rate (HR)

(pulse)

b)

Stroke volume (SV)

c)

Cardiac output (CO)

d)

Blood pressure

e)

Sphygmomanometer

123.

Heartbeat process

Cardiac Cycle

a)

1) Electrical signal from sinoatrial node (SA) triggers contraction of atria

b)

2) Impulse delayed at atrioventricular node (AV) ventricles fill

(tricuspid and bicuspid open)

c)

3) Ventricles begin to contract upon stimulation by atrioventricular node (AV), AV closes

(tricuspid and bicuspid close)

d)

4) Ventricular excitation complete, ventricles fully contracted

(blood pass through Pulmonary and Aortic semilunar valve)

e)

5) Ventricles relax, Semilunar valves close

124.

Upper Respiratory System

1

a)

Frontal Sinus

b)

Nasal cavity

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Vestibular fold

e)

Vocal fold

125.

Upper Respiratory System

2

a)

Frontal Sinus

b)

Nasal cavity

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Vestibular fold

e)

Vocal fold

126.

Upper Respiratory System

3

a)

Frontal Sinus

b)

Nasal cavity

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Vestibular fold

e)

Vocal fold

127.

Upper Respiratory System

4

a)

Frontal Sinus

b)

Nasal cavity

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Vestibular fold

e)

Vocal fold

128.

Upper Respiratory System

5

a)

Frontal Sinus

b)

Nasal cavity

c)

Epiglottis

d)

Vestibular fold

e)

Vocal fold

129.

Upper Respiratory System

6

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Esophagus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

130.

Upper Respiratory System

7

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Esophagus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

131.

Upper Respiratory System

8

a)

Nostril

b)

Sphenoid Sinus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

132.

Upper Respiratory System

9

a)

Nostril

b)

Sphenoid Sinus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

133.

Upper Respiratory System

10

a)

Nostril

b)

Sphenoid Sinus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

134.

Upper Respiratory System

11

a)

Nostril

b)

Sphenoid Sinus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

135.

Upper Respiratory System

12

a)

Nostril

b)

Sphenoid Sinus

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Pharynx

e)

Larynx

136.

Upper Respiratory System

1

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Vestibular fold

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

137.

Upper Respiratory System

2

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Vestibular fold

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

138.

Upper Respiratory System

3

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Vestibular fold

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

139.

Upper Respiratory System

4

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Trachea

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

140.

Upper Respiratory System

5

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Trachea

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

141.

Upper Respiratory System

6

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Trachea

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

142.

Upper Respiratory System

7

a)

Thyroid Cartilage

b)

Trachea

c)

Vocal fold

d)

Cricoid Cartilage

e)

Hyoid bone

143.

Lower Respiratory System

1

a)

Superior lobe of Left Lung

b)

Inferior lobe of Left lung

c)

Superior lobe of Right lung

d)

Middle lobe of Right lung

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

144.

Lower Respiratory System

2

a)

Superior lobe of Left Lung

b)

Inferior lobe of Left lung

c)

Superior lobe of Right lung

d)

Middle lobe of Right lung

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

145.

Lower Respiratory System

3

a)

Superior lobe of Left Lung

b)

Inferior lobe of Left lung

c)

Superior lobe of Right lung

d)

Middle lobe of Right lung

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

146.

Lower Respiratory System

4

a)

Superior lobe of Left Lung

b)

Inferior lobe of Left lung

c)

Superior lobe of Right lung

d)

Middle lobe of Right lung

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

147.

Lower Respiratory System

5

a)

Heart

b)

Thyroid Cartilage

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Hyoid Bone

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

148.

Lower Respiratory System

6

a)

Heart

b)

Thyroid Cartilage

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Hyoid Bone

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

149.

Lower Respiratory System

7

a)

Heart

b)

Thyroid Cartilage

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Hyoid Bone

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

150.

Lower Respiratory System

8

a)

Heart

b)

Thyroid Cartilage

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Hyoid Bone

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

151.

Lower Respiratory System

9

a)

Heart

b)

Thyroid Cartilage

c)

Cricoid Cartilage

d)

Hyoid Bone

e)

Inferior lobe of Right lung

152.

Lower Respiratory System

1

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Pulmonary vein

d)

Pulmonary artery

e)

Bronchi (P)

Bronchus (S)

153.

Lower Respiratory System

2

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Pulmonary vein

d)

Pulmonary artery

e)

Bronchi (P)

Bronchus (S)

154.

Lower Respiratory System

3

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Pulmonary vein

d)

Pulmonary artery

e)

Bronchi (P)

Bronchus (S)

155.

Lower Respiratory System

4

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Pulmonary vein

d)

Pulmonary artery

e)

Bronchi (P)

Bronchus (S)

156.

Lower Respiratory System

5,6

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchioles

c)

Pulmonary vein

d)

Pulmonary artery

e)

Bronchi (P)

Bronchus (S)

157.

Lower Respiratory System

7

a)

Esophagus

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Superior vena cava

d)

Aorta

e)

Thyroid Gland

158.

Lower Respiratory System

8

a)

Esophagus

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Superior vena cava

d)

Aorta

e)

Thyroid Gland

159.

Lower Respiratory System

9

a)

Esophagus

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Superior vena cava

d)

Aorta

e)

Thyroid Gland

160.

Lower Respiratory System

10

a)

Esophagus

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Superior vena cava

d)

Aorta

e)

Thyroid Gland

161.

Lower Respiratory System

11

a)

Esophagus

b)

Diaphragm

c)

Superior vena cava

d)

Aorta

e)

Thyroid Gland

162.

Terms

Filters, warms, and moistens air

a)

Upper respiratory system

b)

Lower respiratory system

c)

Sinuses

d)

Nasal cavity

e)

Pharynx

163.

Terms

Exchange of gases

a)

Upper respiratory system

b)

Lower respiratory system

c)

Sinuses

d)

Nasal cavity

e)

Pharynx

164.

Terms

-Cavities in skull

-Lighten head

-Warm and moisten air

a)

Upper respiratory system

b)

Lower respiratory system

c)

Sinuses

d)

Nasal cavity

e)

Pharynx

165.

Terms

-Produces mucus

-Filters, warms, and moistens air

-Olfaction

a)

Upper respiratory system

b)

Lower respiratory system

c)

Sinuses

d)

Nasal cavity

e)

Pharynx

166.

Terms

-Passageway of air and food

a)

Upper respiratory system

b)

Lower respiratory system

c)

Sinuses

d)

Nasal cavity

e)

Pharynx

167.

Terms

-Covers larynx during swallowing

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Larynx

c)

Lungs

d)

Trachea

e)

Bronchi

168.

Terms

-Air passageway

-Prevents food and drink from entering lower respiratory system

-Produces voice

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Larynx

c)

Lungs

d)

Trachea

e)

Bronchi

169.

Terms

-Structure that contains alveoli and air passageways

-Allow exchange of oxygen and CO2 between atmosphere and blood

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Larynx

c)

Lungs

d)

Trachea

e)

Bronchi

170.

Terms

-Connects larynx with bronchi leading to each lung

-Conducts air to and from bronchi

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Larynx

c)

Lungs

d)

Trachea

e)

Bronchi

171.

Terms

-Two branches of trachea that conduct air from trachea to each lung

a)

Epiglottis

b)

Larynx

c)

Lungs

d)

Trachea

e)

Bronchi

172.

Terms

-Narrow passageways to conduct air from bronchi to alveoli

a)

Bronchioles

b)

Alveoli

c)

Respiratory muscles

d)

Intercostal muscles

e)

Diaphragm

173.

Terms

-Microscopic chambers for gas exchange

a)

Bronchioles

b)

Alveoli

c)

Respiratory muscles

d)

Intercostal muscles

e)

Diaphragm

174.

Terms

-Cause breathing

a)

Bronchioles

b)

Alveoli

c)

Respiratory muscles

d)

Intercostal muscles

e)

Diaphragm

175.

Terms

-Moves ribs during breathing

a)

Bronchioles

b)

Alveoli

c)

Respiratory muscles

d)

Intercostal muscles

e)

Diaphragm

176.

Terms

-Muscle sheet between chest and abdominal cavities with a role in breathing

a)

Bronchioles

b)

Alveoli

c)

Respiratory muscles

d)

Intercostal muscles

e)

Diaphragm

177.

Terms

-Process by which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli

a)

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

b)

Air moves into the lungs when-

c)

Air moves out of the lungs when-

d)

Negative pressure

e)

Inspiration (inhalation)

178.

Terms

-when the pressure inside the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere

a)

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

b)

Air moves into the lungs when-

c)

Air moves out of the lungs when-

d)

Negative pressure

e)

Inspiration (inhalation)

179.

Terms

-when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the air pressure in the atmosphere

a)

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

b)

Air moves into the lungs when-

c)

Air moves out of the lungs when-

d)

Negative pressure

e)

Inspiration (inhalation)

180.

Terms

-Ventilate lungs by _________ breathing, which pulls air into the lungs

a)

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

b)

Air moves into the lungs when-

c)

Air moves out of the lungs when-

d)

Negative pressure

e)

Inspiration (inhalation)

181.

Terms

-Pressure of the alveoli must become lower than the pressure in the atmosphere

-This is done by increasing the volume (size of lung)

-Lungs: expand

-Ribs: move upward and outward

-Diaphragm: flattens and moves downward

a)

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

b)

Air moves into the lungs when-

c)

Air moves out of the lungs when-

d)

Negative pressure

e)

Inspiration (inhalation)

182.

Terms

-Pressure and volume of gas have an inverse relationship

-Volume increase, Pressure decrease

-Volume decrease, Pressure increase

(when the temperature is held constant)

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Pressure before inspiration

c)

At the beginning of inspiration

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Expiration (exhalation)

183.

Terms

-The air pressure inside the lungs equals atmospheric presure

(760 mm Hg, or 1 atm at sea level)

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Pressure before inspiration

c)

At the beginning of inspiration

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Expiration (exhalation)

184.

Terms

1) Diaphragm contracts

2) Chest expands

3) Lungs are pulled outward

4) Alveolar pressure decreases

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Pressure before inspiration

c)

At the beginning of inspiration

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Expiration (exhalation)

185.

Terms

1) Diaphragm relaxes

2) Chest contracts

3) Lungs recoil inward

4) Alveolar pressure increases

(forcing air out until alveolar pressure = atmospheric pressure)

-achieved by a pressure gradient, but the gradient is reversed from that of inhalation

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Pressure before inspiration

c)

At the beginning of inspiration

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Expiration (exhalation)

186.

Terms

-most important muscle of inspiration

-Forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

-Contraction causes it to flatten

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Pressure before inspiration

c)

At the beginning of inspiration

d)

Diaphragm

e)

Expiration (exhalation)

187.

Terms

-passive process because no muscular contractions are involved

-it occurs due to elastic recoil of the chest wall and lungs

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Internal intercostals

c)

Abdominals

d)

Expiration becomes an active process-

e)

Normal expiration during rest is a-

188.

Terms

-during labored breathing and when air movement out of the lungs is impeded

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Internal intercostals

c)

Abdominals

d)

Expiration becomes an active process-

e)

Normal expiration during rest is a-

189.

Terms

-Muscles of forced expiration

a)

Boyle's Law

b)

Internal intercostals

c)

Abdominals

d)

Expiration becomes an active process-

e)

Normal expiration during rest is a-

190.

Muscles involve in inspiration

a)

Diaphragm

b)

External intercostals

c)

Accessory muscles

(some neck and chest muscles)

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