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ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the Enlightenment?

a)

A period of scientific discoveries

b)

A movement that applied scientific principles to society and government

c)

A religious revolution

d)

A political uprising

2.

What inspired Enlightenment thinkers?

a)

Monarchies

b)

The Renaissance and Reformation

c)

Science and its goal of understanding the laws of nature

d)

Religious beliefs

3.

Who believed that people are inherently selfish and that governments are created to make decisions for society?

a)

John Locke

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Adam Smith

d)

Thomas Hobbes

4.

Who argued that the basis of government was a social contract and that people have the right to overthrow a government that fails to protect their natural rights?

a)

Baron de Montesquieu

b)

Adam Smith

c)

John Locke

d)

Thomas Hobbes

5.

Who argued for a three-part system of government with a separation of powers?

a)

Baron de Montesquieu

b)

Adam Smith

c)

John Locke

d)

Thomas Hobbes

6.

Who believed that people are corrupted by society and argued for a political system based on the will of the people?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Adam Smith

c)

John Locke

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

7.
Which quote best demonstrates what would happen if people lived in a state of nature?
a)
"Without government, our lives would be nasty, brutish, and short!"
b)
"To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them"
c)
"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
d)
"Strengthen the female mind by enlarging it, and there will be an end to blind obedience."
8.

During which years was the Enlightenment occurring in the world?

a)

1701 - 1788

b)

1776 - 1865

c)

1715 - 1789

d)

1987 - 2017

9.
The Enlightenment is
a)
a time of rebirth
b)
a time when science ruled
c)
a time with people used reason and logic to explain the world
d)
a time when technology ruled
10.
Enlightenment philosophers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
11.
The concept of individualism was most central to the political ideas of
a)
A) Thomas Hobbes 
b)
B) Immanuel Kant 
c)
C) John Locke 
d)
D) Montesquieu 
12.
John Locke's central political value was
a)
A) the protection of individual rights
b)
B) designing governments around biblical teachings
c)
C) ensuring an equal distribution of wealth
d)
D) the empowerment of the majority of people
13.
A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was
a)
A) a desire to improve society
b)
B) faith in traditional religious beliefs
c)
C) support for democratic forms of government
d)
D) a belief in the inherent goodness of humanity
14.
___________________ believed that without government, people would fight each other all the time.
a)
A. Locke
b)
B. Hobbes
c)
C. Montesquieu
d)
D. Smith
15.
Locke believed that a government's power came from its ___________________.
a)
A. army
b)
B. power
c)
C. people
d)
D. science
16.
American's used _________________'s idea of separation of powers to write the US Constitution. 
a)
A. Montesquieu
b)
B. Hobbes
c)
C. Rousseau
d)
D. Voltaire
17.
Enlightenment thinkers and theories inspired
a)
A. the French Revolution
b)
B. the American Revolution
c)
C. other revolutions of the 1800s
d)
D. all of the above
18.
What is the French word for philosopher?
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
19.
You are born with _________________ that can't be taken away; life, liberty, property
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
20.
The belief that government should be split into three branches to prevent one person or group from becoming corrupt.
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
21.
Related to the idea of separation of powers; each branch of government must have approval from other branches in order to do certain functions.
a)
A. philosophe
b)
B. natural rights
c)
C. separation of power
d)
D. checks and balances
22.

The power of the human mind to think and understand in a logical way

a)

reason

b)

philosophies

c)

natural rights

d)

contract

23.

A right, such as life and liberty, that a person is born wth

a)

divine right

b)

philosophes

c)

natural rights

d)

contract

24.

An agreement between rulers and the people to cooperate for mutual social benefits in pursuit of a better society

a)

divine right

b)

free enterprise

c)

laissez-faire

d)

social contract

25.

Separation of Powers

a)

Separating the ruler from the military.

b)

Dividing powers equally among organizations

c)

Dividing powers equally among three people

d)

Dividing powers equally among three branches of government.

26.

A person(s) who had unlimited authority and almost no legal limit.

a)

A Monk

b)

Absolute Monarch

c)

A Philosophe

d)

A Salon Manager

27.

Enlightenment thinker who viewed humanity in a negative way and believed people were naturally wicked.

a)

John Locke

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Thomas Hobbes

28.

Enlightenment thinker who believed in the natural rights of "Life, Liberty, and the right to Property".

a)

Montesquieu

b)

John Locke

c)

Rousseau

29.

Thomas Jefferson was greatly influenced by "John Locke" and took his ideas to write the ____.

a)

Song "America's Most Wanted"

b)

The Eagle Code

c)

The Declaration of Independence

d)

The Magna Carta

30.

WHAT IS THOMAS HOBBES KNOWN FOR?

a)

MAGNA CARTA

b)

MAYFLOWER COMPACT

c)

SOCIAL CONTRACT

d)

NONE OF THESE

31.

WHAT IS "STATE OF NATURE"?

a)

EVERYONE HAS A RIGHT TO EVERYTHING. PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS AT WAR WITH EACH OTHER.

b)

AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND GOVERNMENT FOR PROTECTION OF RIGHTS.

c)

NATURAL RIGHTS YOU ARE BORN WITH.

d)

ALL OF THESE

32.

WHAT ARE THE NATURAL RIGHTS JOHN LOCKE SAID ALL PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH?

(CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

LIFE

b)

LIBERTY

c)

WEALTH

d)

PROPERTY

33.
Enlightened thinkers based their philosophical beliefs on what two things?
a)
power and privilege
b)
money and fame
c)
good looks and charm
d)
reason and logic
34.
Which amendment gives us freedom of speech , religion and press?
a)
First
b)
Second
c)
Third
d)
Fourth
35.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed people had natural rights of life, liberty, and property.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
36.

How did Hobbes view human nature?

a)

We are inquisitive and industrious.

b)

We are naturally selfish and quick to fight.

c)

We are naturally ignorant

d)

We are naturally kind and helpful to others

37.
Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that people have the right to abolish their government and create a new one?
a)
Montesquire
b)
Locke
c)
Voltaire
d)
Rousseau
38.

The rights of life, liberty, and property are called:

a)

Unalienable Rights

b)

Essential Rights

c)

Natural Rights

d)

Original Rights

39.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed to limit government, that it should be divided into separate branches that shared power.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
40.
Enlightenment philosophers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
Locke believed that a government's power came from its ___________________.
a)
A. army
b)
B. power
c)
C. people
d)
D. science
42.

Why did Thomas Hobbes believe humans needed government?

a)

Humans needed government to protect their natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

b)

Humans needed government to keep politics and religion separated.

c)

Humans needed government because they were naturally primitive and violent.

d)

Humans needed government, so they could rule.

43.

Which one of the following is NOT one of John Locke’s ideas?  

a)

The people were sovereign and possessed the right to self-government.

b)

The people were naturally primitive and violent, so they needed government control.

c)

The people gave their consent to government to protect their natural rights.

d)

People's natural rights included life, liberty, and property.

44.

According to Montesquieu, what was the best form of government? 

a)

The best government shielded humans from their own primitive and violent nature.

b)

The best government protected the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

c)

The best government separated powers into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

45.

What were Jean Jacques Rousseau’s ideas about government?

a)

Rousseau wrote government was a social contract between the rulers and the people.

b)

Rousseau stressed equality for all people.

c)

Both of these answers are correct.

46.

In the Spirit of the Laws, Baron de Montesquieu argued

a)

that the government that governs least governs best.

b)

in favor of the separation of the powers government into three branchs: executive, legislative and judicial.

c)

that Christianity was responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire.

47.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

a)

Social Contract

b)

Absolutism

c)

Three branches of government

d)

Influenced by Hobbes

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