Font size
WorksheetsUnderstanding the Cardiac Cycle and Blood
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 49mins
What is the primary function of red blood cells in the human body?
To fight infections
To transport oxygen
To clot blood
To regulate body temperature
Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What is the main function of white blood cells?
To carry nutrients
To fight infections
To transport carbon dioxide
To maintain blood pressure
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Venules
What is the smallest type of blood vessel in the circulatory system?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
Which blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow of blood?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart starting from the right atrium?
Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, aorta, lungs
Right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, aorta, lungs
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, lungs
What is the term for the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels?
Blood viscosity
Blood pressure
Blood volume
Blood flow
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
Thyroxine
What is the average normal blood pressure reading for a healthy adult?
90/60 mmHg
120/80 mmHg
140/90 mmHg
160/100 mmHg
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and hormones?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What is the main function of the pulmonary circulation?
To supply oxygenated blood to the body
To remove waste products from the body
To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
To regulate body temperature
Which of the following is a major artery that supplies blood to the brain?
Coronary artery
Carotid artery
Femoral artery
Renal artery
What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?
To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
To supply oxygenated blood to the body
To filter blood
To store blood
Which of the following factors can increase blood pressure?
Dehydration
High salt intake
Low body weight
Regular exercise
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
To supply blood to the brain
To supply blood to the heart muscle
To carry blood to the lungs
To carry blood to the liver
Label the heart
right atrium
left atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
Label the parts of the Blood Vessel Exchange.
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Label this structure
Label and identify the blood composition
55% plasma
44% erythrocytes
1 % leukocytes
Label the heart
mitral valve
Superior Vena cava
Aorta
inferior vena cava
tricuspid valve
The events in cardiac cycle
Both atria contract, forcing blood under pressure into the ventricles.
Ventricles are bulging with blood and the increased pressure forces the
atrioventricular valves shut (giving rise to the first heart sound – lubb).
Muscle in the ventricular walls begins to contract, pressure on blood inside rises
and forces open the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Ventricular systole forces blood into the aorta (left side) and pulmonary artery
(right side). These arteries have elastic walls and begin to expand.
As the blood leaves the ventricles, the muscle starts to relax. For a fraction of
a second, blood falls backwards, catching the pockets of the semilunar valves and
making them close (the second heart sound – dubb).
match the blood component with its correct function
Makes up about 55% of blood volume
plasma
Make up about 40-45% of blood volume
Red blood cells
(erythrocytes)
Make up less than 1% of blood volume
White blood cells
(leukocytes)
Form a platform for blood coagulation
platelets
(thrombocytes)
iron-rich protein
haemoglobin
What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
To transport oxygen
To fight infections
To clot blood
To carry nutrients
Which blood component is responsible for carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What is the role of the pulmonary artery in the circulatory system?
To carry oxygenated blood to the heart
To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
To supply blood to the brain
To transport nutrients
What is the primary role of plasma in the blood?
To transport oxygen
To fight infections
To carry nutrients and hormones
To clot blood
Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for nutrient exchange with tissues?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arterioles
What is the function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?
To carry oxygenated blood to the heart
To carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
To supply blood to the brain
To transport nutrients
Diastole refers to what action?
Filling
Pumping
Systole refers to what action?
Filing
Pumping
The Vena Cava delivers blood to the heart into the.....
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
Why are the walls of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle?
The left ventricle must force blood into all the capillaries of the lungs
the left ventricle doesn't skip leg day
This is false, the walls of the right ventricle are thicker
Blood from the left ventricle is pumped throughout the entire body
The 'Lub' sound of the heart's LUB DUB? are the....
Atrioventricular valves closing
Semilunar Valves closing
Blood flowing through the Pulmonary Trunk and Aorta
Blood Flowing down into the ventricles
The 'Dub' sound of the heart's LUB DUB? are the....
Atrioventricular valves closing
Semilunar Valves closing
Blood flowing through the Pulmonary Trunk and Aorta
Blood Flowing down into the ventricles
How many chambers are there in the heart?
Two
Three
Four
Five
Why are red blood cells (Erythrocytes) biconcave discs?
To increase their surface area for gas exchange
To make them more flexible
To allow them to carry more nutrients
To enable them to move faster
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
It pumps blood to the lungs
It pumps blood to the entire body
It receives blood from the body
It receives blood from the lungs
Why are the walls of the atria much thinner than the walls of the ventricles?
Atria only receive blood
Atria pump blood to the entire body
Atria pump blood to the lungs
Atria pump blood to the ventricles
The structure of cardiac muscle is (a) and involuntary.
List, in order, all the chambers and vessels that blood passes through on one complete passage through both sides of the heart.
Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery
Right ventricle, right atrium, aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary artery
Left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary artery, right ventricle, right atrium, aorta
What happens to a) the volume and b) the pressure in the ventricles when they contract?
Volume increases, pressure decreases
Volume decreases, pressure increases
Volume increases, pressure increases
Volume decreases, pressure decreases
Why are we said to have double circulation?
Blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle
Blood circulates twice as fast
Blood is oxygenated twice
Blood is deoxygenated twice
Explain how a semilunar valve allows blood to flow through in one direction but not in the other direction.
It opens and closes based on pressure differences
It is controlled by nerve signals
It is always open
It is always closed
Cardiac rhythm is established by (a) node.
List the phases of the cardiac cycle.
Systole and diastole
Inhalation and exhalation
Contraction and relaxation
Depolarisation and repolarisation
What causes the “lubb-dupp” sound made by the heart?
Opening of the semilunar valves
Closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves
Opening of the atrioventricular valves
Blood flowing through the aorta
Explain why you can feel a pulse.
Blood flowing through veins
Blood flowing through capillaries
Blood flowing through arteries
Blood flowing through lymph vessels
Name a type of blood vessel and describe one characteristic.
Artery: Thick muscular walls
Vein: Thick muscular walls
Capillary: Thick muscular walls
Lymph vessel: Thick muscular walls
What is the primary function of the heart?
To filter blood
To pump blood throughout the body
To produce blood cells
To store blood
Cheryl trains every day by doing cross-country running, while Louis enjoys playing computer games.
Stroke volume (cm3) : Cheryl 95 Louis 72
Resting heart rate (beats/minute): Cheryl 62 Louis 72
Questions:
1. Calculate the cardiac output for both Cheryl and Louis. Based on these results, discuss how their different lifestyles might have influenced their cardiovascular health.
2. Explain how regular exercise, like Cheryl's cross-country running, can benefit the cardiovascular system. Consider both short-term and long-term effects.
3. If Louis wanted to improve his cardiovascular health, what recommendations would you make? Discuss potential challenges he might face in changing his lifestyle and how he could overcome them.
What is the function of the sinoatrial node in the heart?
To pump blood to the lungs
To act as the heart's natural pacemaker
To filter blood
To store blood
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To fight infections
To transport oxygen
To regulate body temperature
To carry nutrients
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To fight infections
To transport oxygen
To regulate blood pressure
To produce hormones
Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
What is the role of hemoglobin in the blood?
To fight infections
To transport oxygen
To clot blood
To regulate blood pressure
Deoxygenated blood carries (a) and goes to the lungs to exchange (b) . Once the blood is oxygenated, it enters back to the heart via (c) and then to the (d)
Reorder the following: Layers of the heart
pericardium
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
To transport carbon dioxide
To transport oxygen
To fight infections
To regulate body temperature
Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
What is the main function of white blood cells?
To transport oxygen
To fight infections
To clot blood
To carry nutrients
Match the following
Neurons
brain
nephrons
kidneys
alveoli
lungs
hepatocytes
kidneys
