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Evidence of Evolution and Cladograms Review

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which layer is the youngest
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
2.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
3.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
4.

What is this an example of?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial organs

d)

Functional adaption

5.

The picture shows a/an ___________

a)

homologous structure

b)

vestigial structure

6.

Match the following

a)

Analogous Structure

1.

Same function different structure

b)

Homologous Structure

2.

Same structure different function

c)

Comparative Embryology

3.

Comparing embryological development of different species

d)

Biochemical Evidence

4.

Comparing DNA and amino acid sequences of different species

e)

Vestigial Structures

5.

Structures in the body of an organism that no longer work.

7.

What type of evidence is shown with the diagram above?

a)

Molecular

b)

Anatomical

c)

Embryological

d)

Fossil

8.

Which of the pictures above would be examples of homologous structures? (pick 2)

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

9.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram
a)
The organisms share a common ancestry.
b)
The organisms belong to the same genus.
c)
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
d)
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
10.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
11.
A change in the inherited characteristics of an organism over time is ________
a)
evolution.
b)
development.
c)
growth.
d)
ancestry.
12.

What can the arm bones of humans and bats show us? That they...

a)

.. shared an ancestor whom had that arm structure

b)

... will eventually evolve into similar creatures

c)

... share a gene pool

13.

Scientists are studying a particular protein found in blood cells. Based on this, which animals are most closely related?

Dog: ARG - LYS - HIS - TYR

Rabbit: ARG - LYS - TYR - TYR

Elk: ARG - PRO - TYR - ARG

a)

Dog & Rabbit

b)

Rabbit & Elk

c)

Dog & Elk

14.
Which layer is the oldest
a)
B
b)
A
c)
E
d)
C
15.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
16.
The picture shows the members of the Camelidae family. The physical features and the geographical origin of these animals provide evidence that - 
a)
they live in the same type of environment.
b)
have slowly evolved to become herbivores.
c)
have a common ancestor.
d)
exchanged DNA in the past.
17.

Two organisms that are closely related will have _________ differences in their DNA.

a)

at least 20

b)

No

c)

More

d)

Fewer

18.

_________ structures are those that were useful to an ancestor of a present-day species, but are no longer useful.

a)

ferruginous

b)

vestigial

c)

homologous

d)

analogous

19.

Opossum tails are used for gripping. Whales use their tales to propel them through the water. These are the same structure (a tail) with a different function. These structures are...

a)

ferruginous

b)

homologous

c)

analogous

d)

vestigial

20.

Two species are said to be closely related based on the fact that they have a similar number of bones in their front legs. This is an example of...

a)

structural evidence

b)

embryological evidence

c)

DNA evidence

d)

Fossil evidence

21.

A turtle's shell and the shell of a crab both act as protection. However, they have a different embryological origin. They are different structures with the same function. They are ________ structures

a)

analogous

b)

homologous

c)

vestigial

d)

ferruginous

22.

Two species look very similar during the earliest stages of development. As they grow and change, they look similar for a very long time until they finally reach a stage where they develop structures unique to each species. We know these species are related due to _________ evidence.

a)

embryological

b)

structural

c)

fossil

d)

DNA

23.

When looking at DNA evidence, scientists may count the number of bands (dark lines) of DNA. Species with the fewest number in common are __________ related.

a)

most closely

b)

most distantly

24.

A cladogram is a branching tree diagram used to show evolutionary relationships.. The points on the diagram where branches meet represent...

a)

time

b)

a common ancestor

c)

an extinct species

d)

vertebrates

25.

In a cladogram, the more recent species are at the top. The common ancestor of all the species is at the bottom. This means, as you go from top to bottom on a cladogram, you go further back in________.

a)

embryology

b)

DNA

c)

the fridge

d)

time

26.

Penguins and Polar Bears both live in cold parts of the planet. They both need to stay warm to survive. To accomplish this, Penguins have thick feathers and Polar Bears have fur. Polar Bear fur and Penguin feathers are different structures with the same function. They are...

a)

paralytic

b)

mucigenous

c)

homologous

d)

analogous

27.

In this cladogram, humans are most closely related to _______ and most distantly related to ________

a)

birds, prosimians

b)

amphibians, birds

c)

insects, prosimians

d)

prosimians, insects

28.

Insect wings and bird wings are both used for flying. However, they grow out of very different groups of cells as the embryo develops. They are different structures with the same function. They are...

a)

analogous

b)

gregarious

c)

homologous

d)

homogenous

29.

A scientist finds a fossil in a layer of rock known to be 75 million years old. In another layer of rock, further down, he finds another fossil that looks similar but is definitely different. Based on this fossil evidence, the second fossil may be the ________ of the first.

a)

homologous

b)

ancestor

c)

embryo

d)

DNA

30.

Species change over time in response to pressures from their environment. They develop adaptations that help them get food and reproduce. This change over time is called...

a)

common ancestor

b)

development

c)

evolution

d)

adjustment

31.

One species that existed long ago over time gave rise to multiple species. That original species is the _________________ of all the species that arose from it.

a)

common ancestor

b)

common location

c)

common ground

d)

commonality

32.

The species indicated at point "1" is the common ancestor of...

a)

A,B, and C only

b)

B, C, and D only

c)

Only D

d)

A, B, C, and D

33.

A, B, C, and D represent species that are...

a)

extinct

b)

existing today

c)

ancestors of modern species

d)

long dead

34.

The species at point "1" is the common ancestor of...

a)

B and C only

b)

A and D only

c)

A, B, and C

d)

C and D only

35.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
36.
The picture shows the members of the Camelidae family. The physical features and the geographical origin of these animals provide evidence that - 
a)
they live in the same type of environment.
b)
have slowly evolved to become herbivores.
c)
have a common ancestor.
d)
exchanged DNA in the past.
37.
Which layer is the oldest
a)
B
b)
A
c)
E
d)
C
38.

Scientists are studying a particular protein found in blood cells. Based on this, which animals are most closely related?

Dog: ARG - LYS - HIS - TYR

Rabbit: ARG - LYS - TYR - TYR

Elk: ARG - PRO - TYR - ARG

a)

Dog & Rabbit

b)

Rabbit & Elk

c)

Dog & Elk

39.

What can the arm bones of humans and bats show us? That they...

a)

.. shared an ancestor whom had that arm structure

b)

... will eventually evolve into similar creatures

c)

... share a gene pool

40.
A change in the inherited characteristics of an organism over time is ________
a)
evolution.
b)
development.
c)
growth.
d)
ancestry.
41.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
42.
The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram
a)
The organisms share a common ancestry.
b)
The organisms belong to the same genus.
c)
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
d)
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
43.

Which of the pictures above would be examples of homologous structures? (pick 2)

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

44.

How does Pangaea support the Theory of Evolution? Select all that apply

a)

It provides an explanation for why similar fossils are found on different continents

b)

The movement of continents provides an example of a big change in environment that would cause evolutionary pressures that would drive species to evolve

c)

It explains how the planet became warmer over the years

d)

It provides evidence that continents are growing in size slowly

45.
The similarities of organisms in which two areas numbered in the picture provide the best evidence for common ancestry?
a)
1 and 2
b)
3 and 4
c)
5 and 6
d)
7 and 8
46.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
47.

_______________, or selective breeding, is one way that humans impact evolution. One example is how the Belgian Blue cow has been bred to have greater muscle mass.

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Homologous

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