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Unit 2 Cognition

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
2.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
3.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
4.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
5.
Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence?
a)
the ability to solve problems
b)
nthe ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
c)
the ability to understand people and emotions
d)
the ability to learn from experience
6.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
7.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
8.

Which definition best describes the term 'Schema'?

a)

A process of memory involving the transfer of information to internal mental structures.

b)

A reflection of an object or an event in the mind.

c)

A sequence of actions or events.

d)

A mental representation that influences our knowledge, beliefs and expectations.

9.

When conclusions are drawn based on the information available, this is an...

a)

Interference

b)

Illustration

c)

Implication

d)

Inference

10.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
11.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
12.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
13.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
14.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
15.
Retention of encoded material over time.
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
16.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
17.
Information that is reviewed to keep it from fading.
a)
Chunking
b)
Maintenance Rehearsal
c)
Storage
d)
Retrieval
18.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
19.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
20.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
21.

A rule of thumb is an example of

a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
22.

What is the memory process that locates stored information and returns it to consciousness?

a)

retrieval

b)

encoding

c)

storage

d)

interference

23.

What are the three stages of memory in order?

a)

Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

b)

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

c)

Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory

d)

Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory

24.

General knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned is contained in

____________________ memory.

a)

procedural

b)

episodic

c)

semantic

d)

implicit

25.

If you are having trouble learning new information because old information is getting in the way, we call this concept_________interference

a)

retroactive

b)

anterograde

c)

savings

d)

proactive

26.

Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of

a)

iconic memory

b)

state-dependent memory

c)

eidetic memory

d)

context-dependent memory

27.

Computers and people both handle information using the process of

a)

recognition, storage, and retrieval.

b)

encoding, storage, and retrieval.

c)

encoding, storage, and forgetting.

d)

encoding, storage, and maintenance.

28.
The process of filing information into your memory is...
a)
Chunking
b)
Encoding
c)
Retrieving
d)
Priming
29.
An image that is flashed before us for only a fraction of a second is captured by our
a)
Short term memory
b)
Echoic Memory
c)
Iconic memory
d)
Long term memory
30.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
a)
an algorithm.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
belief perseverance.
31.

The Two Factory Theory of Intelligence states intelligence is measured by which two factors...

a)

Memory and Specific Abilities

b)

Problem Solving and Logical Thinking

c)

General intelligence (problem solving) and specific abilities (verbal and math skills)

d)

Musical and Creative Abilities

32.

The idea that intelligence is more than logical thinking but also includes important skills such as verbal abilities and musical talent causes critics to think which of the following...

a)

Critics think 8 types of intelligence is way too many

b)

Critics suggest these "intelligence" are really just talent and skills

c)

Critics think verbal abilities and musical talents are learned behaviors

d)

None of the above

33.
96% of people fall within 30 points of what IQ score?
a)
80
b)
90
c)
100
d)
110
34.
These tests attempt to predict the test takers future performance.  
a)
Aptitude
b)
Acheivement
c)
Assessment
d)
Standardized
35.
Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of: 
a)
predictive validity
b)
factor analysis
c)
the g factor
d)
reliability
36.
Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _______ of a test. 
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
standardization
d)
factor analysis
37.
Validity is...
a)
When tests are administered and scored the same way every time.
b)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
c)
The moment when a test becomes legitimate.  
d)
A test that validates a students intelligence.  
38.
Psychological tests must have two characteristics and they are:
a)
validity and reliability
b)
 correlation and validity
c)
reliability and  foundation
d)
reliability and correlation
39.
The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
a)
Emotional Intelligence
b)
Intelligence Quotient
c)
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
d)
Stanfor-Binet Test
40.
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
a)
reliable
b)
standardized
c)
valid
d)
normally distributed
41.

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that...

a)

an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects

b)

the retina has three types of color receptors

c)

the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously

d)

quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color

e)

color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes

42.

The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected to the limbic system, rather than relayed first through the thalamus. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in...

a)

pain sensations

b)

altered states of consciousness

c)

subliminal messages

d)

vivid memories

e)

retinal disparity

43.

The process by which your ears convert sound waves to neural impulses is called...

a)

sensory adaptation

b)

accommodation

c)

parallel processing

d)

sensory introduction

e)

Transduction

44.

A person's diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as...

a)

accomodation

b)

parallel processing

c)

sensory adaptation

d)

transduction

e)

sensory equilibrium

45.

a person typically fails to consciously perceive their own nose in their line of vision. This best illustrates...

a)

subliminal perception

b)

change blindness

c)

cocktail party effect

d)

selective attention

e)

visual cliff

46.

While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...

a)

inattentional blindness

b)

place theory

c)

blind spot

d)

feature detectors

e)

sensory adaptation

47.
If we process information from small individual concepts to a larger whole we are doing
a)
bottom-up processing
b)
bottom-down processing
c)
bottom-top processing
d)
top-to-bottom processing
48.
The successive blinking on and off of the lights on a neon sign gives the impression that a drink is filling a glass. This illusion of motion is the
a)
phi phenomenon
b)
constancy 
c)
proximity
d)
motion parallax
49.
Proximity refers to
a)
objects near each other are seen as a unit
b)
similar objects are a unit
c)
cells fire faster when near each other
d)
common goals draw them closer
50.
Our ability to see in three dimensions is known as 
a)
depth perception
b)
sensory accomodation
c)
visual acuity
d)
rod-cone refraction
51.
The concept of parallel lines seemly converging on each other to show distance is known as
a)
convergence
b)
motion parallax
c)
linear perspective
d)
height on plane
52.
Perceptual Constancy refers to
a)
functional fixedness
b)
perception remaining stable despite changes in sensory info
c)
schemas that guide our perception
d)
the visual fields that allow us to perceive information 
53.
_______ refers to physical stimulation, while _______ refers  to the interpretation of that physical stimulation.
a)
Internal, External
b)
Afferent, Efferent
c)
Efferent, Perception
d)
Sensation, Perception
54.
The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of:
a)
top-down processing
b)
interposition
c)
retinal disparity
d)
visual capture
55.
Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of other's behavior. This best illustrates the impact of:
a)
retinal disparity
b)
interposition
c)
top-down processing
d)
perceptual adaptation
56.
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to percieve his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of:
a)
perceptual sets
b)
visual capture
c)
bottom-up processing
d)
sensory adaptation
57.
You are an artist and you are interested in completing a painting that gives a three-dimensional appearance. You want to show a beach in the foreground of the painting, people swimming in the ocean, and sailboats in the distance. Which perceptual principles will be most helpful as you complete your painting?
a)
binocular depth cues
b)
monocular depth cues
c)
Gestalt principles of proximity and continuity
d)
perceptual principles only operate in "real life" situations
58.
You are most likely to observe the phi phenomenon while:
a)
looking at a string of Christmas tree lights that blink quickly in succession
b)
staring at a Necker cube
c)
comparing the size of the moon while it is in the sky, to its size near the horizon
d)
attempting to catch a fly ball that is quickly coming toward you
59.
Which of the following is a perception?
a)
noting a change in temperature
b)
hearing an increase in volume
c)
recognizing an object as a car
d)
viewing a decrease in brightness
60.

Which image pertains to closure?

a)
b)
c)
d)
61.

Which Gestalt Principle?

a)

Figure Ground Perception

b)

Similarity

c)

Closure

d)

Proximity

62.
a)
closure
b)
figure-ground
c)
similarity
d)
continuity
63.
This is an example of the .....
a)
autokinetic effect
b)
phi phenomenon
c)
stroboscopic effect
d)
Ponzo illusion
64.
Lab Device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
a)
Visual Cliff
b)
Blind Spot
c)
Figure Ground
d)
Absolute Threshold
65.
The door is a door, no matter what angle it is opened. This is an example of:
a)
Perceptual adaptation
b)
Perceptual constancy
c)
Relative size
d)
Extrasensory Perception
66.

Which of the following is the best example of an aptitude test?

a)

Atul answers questions on safe driving

b)

Ms. Cordts AP Psychology test at the end of unit 2

c)

Serenity takes the SAT to gain college admission

d)

Jayden is required to translate 50 Mandarin sentences for his final exam

67.

Jose got a new car with the license plate "JOVNUM1" He is asked by the school parking clerk what his number is but can only remember his old one "VANBOY1" his inability to remember his new plate is likely due to

a)

retroactive interference

b)

proactive interference

c)

anterograde amnesia

d)

retrograde amnesia

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