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AP Psych Unit 2 Cognitive Psych Review

Total questions: 146

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is perception?

a)

The process of interpreting sensory information

b)

The process of receiving sensory information

c)

The process of organizing sensory information

d)

The process of creating sensory information

2.

What is the absolute threshold?

a)

The smallest level of stimulus that can be detected at least half the time

b)

The maximum level of stimulus that can be detected at least half the time

c)

The average level of stimulus that can be detected at least half the time

d)

The level of stimulus that can be detected only by a few individuals

3.

What is subliminal messaging?

a)

Signals or messages that are below the threshold of conscious awareness

b)

Signals or messages that are above the threshold of conscious awareness

c)

Signals or messages that are consciously perceived

d)

Signals or messages that are intentionally ignored

4.

What is the difference threshold?

a)

The minimum detectable stimulation difference for a person

b)

The maximum detectable stimulation difference for a person

c)

The average detectable stimulation difference for a person

d)

The detectable stimulation difference for a specific sense

5.

What is bottom-up processing?

a)

Data-driven processing that starts with stimuli

b)

Concept-driven processing that starts with expectations

c)

Processing that combines stimuli and expectations

d)

Processing that ignores stimuli and expectations

6.

What is top-down processing?

a)

Concept-driven processing that starts with expectations

b)

Data-driven processing that starts with stimuli

c)

Processing that combines stimuli and expectations

d)

Processing that ignores stimuli and expectations

7.

What is sensory adaptation?

a)

The process by which our nerve cells become less sensitive to constant stimuli over time

b)

The process by which our nerve cells become more sensitive to constant stimuli over time

c)

The process by which our nerve cells become sensitive to new stimuli over time

d)

The process by which our nerve cells become insensitive to new stimuli over time

8.

What is attentional capture?

a)

The process where a salient stimulus stands out and demands our attention

b)

The process where a subtle stimulus stands out and demands our attention

c)

The process where a salient stimulus blends in and doesn't demand our attention

d)

The process where a subtle stimulus blends in and doesn't demand our attention

9.

What is inattentional blindness?

a)

When a person misses an unexpected object due to their attention being focused on something else

b)

When a person notices an unexpected object due to their attention being focused on something else

c)

When a person misses an expected object due to their attention being focused on something else

d)

When a person notices an expected object due to their attention being focused on something else

10.

What is signal detection theory?

a)

Explains how we make decisions about ambiguous stimuli based on sensory experiences and decision-making strategies

b)

Explains how we make decisions about clear stimuli based on sensory experiences and decision-making strategies

c)

Explains how we make decisions about ambiguous stimuli based on sensory experiences only

d)

Explains how we make decisions about clear stimuli based on sensory experiences only

11.

What is sensory adaptation?

a)

The process by which our nerve cells become less sensitive to constant stimuli over time

b)

The process by which our nerve cells become more sensitive to constant stimuli over time

c)

The process by which our nerve cells become sensitive to new stimuli over time

d)

The process by which our nerve cells become insensitive to new stimuli over time

12.

What is attentional capture?

a)

The process where a salient stimulus stands out and demands our attention

b)

The process where a subtle stimulus stands out and demands our attention

c)

The process where a salient stimulus blends in and doesn't demand our attention

d)

The process where a subtle stimulus blends in and doesn't demand our attention

13.

What is inattentional blindness?

a)

When a person misses an unexpected object due to their attention being focused on something else

b)

When a person notices an unexpected object due to their attention being focused on something else

c)

When a person misses an expected object due to their attention being focused on something else

d)

When a person notices an expected object due to their attention being focused on something else

14.

What is signal detection theory?

a)

Explains how we make decisions about ambiguous stimuli based on sensory experiences and decision-making strategies

b)

Explains how we make decisions about clear stimuli based on sensory experiences and decision-making strategies

c)

Explains how we make decisions about ambiguous stimuli based on sensory experiences only

d)

Explains how we make decisions about clear stimuli based on sensory experiences only

15.

What is sensory adaptation?

a)

The process by which our nerve cells become less sensitive to constant stimuli over time

b)

The process by which our nerve cells become more sensitive to constant stimuli over time

c)

The process by which our nerve cells become sensitive to new stimuli over time

d)

The process by which our nerve cells become insensitive to new stimuli over time

16.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
17.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
18.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
19.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
20.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
21.
Retention of encoded material over time.
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
22.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
23.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
24.
Information that is reviewed to keep it from fading.
a)
Chunking
b)
Maintenance Rehearsal
c)
Storage
d)
Retrieval
25.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
26.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
27.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
28.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
29.
Inability to recall a word, while knowing that it is in your memory.
a)
Priming
b)
Recall
c)
TOT
d)
Recognition
30.
Forgetting caused by lapses in attention
a)
Blocking
b)
Transience
c)
Misattribution
d)
Absent-mindedness
31.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)
Bias
b)
Persistence
c)
Mnemonic
d)
Transience
32.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
33.
A knowledge cluster 
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
34.
A knowledge cluster about sequences of events.
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
35.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
36.
A rule of thumb
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
37.
Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose
a)
Mental set
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Bias
38.
Ignoring or finding fault with info that does not fit our opinions.
a)
Confirmation bias
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Anchoring bias
d)
Availability bias
39.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
40.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
41.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a)
People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments.
b)
People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe.
c)
It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures.
d)
People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.
42.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
43.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
44.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
45.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
46.

How many components does the Multi-store model of memory contain?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

47.

What action is necessary to transfer information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

a)

Attention

b)

Rehearsal

c)

Retrieval

d)

Chunking

48.

Which definition best describes the term 'Schema'?

a)

A process of memory involving the transfer of information to internal mental structures.

b)

A reflection of an object or an event in the mind.

c)

A sequence of actions or events.

d)

A mental representation that influences our knowledge, beliefs and expectations.

49.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
50.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
51.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
52.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
53.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
54.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
55.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
56.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
57.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
58.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)
Bias
b)
Persistence
c)
Mnemonic
d)
Transience
59.

The average person can hold in short-term memory a list of

a)

nine items

b)

five items

c)

seven items

d)

eight items

60.

What are the three stages of memory in order?

a)

Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

b)

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

c)

Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory

d)

Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory

61.

Memory in which people recall events in great detail is called

a)

flashbulb memory.

b)

semantic memory.

c)

iconic memory.

d)

implicit memory.

62.

Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of

a)

iconic memory

b)

state-dependent memory

c)

eidetic memory

d)

context-dependent memory

63.
The process of filing information into your memory is...
a)
Chunking
b)
Encoding
c)
Retrieving
d)
Priming
64.

Which of the following is true?

a)

There is NOT a definite definition of intelligence.

b)

There IS a definite definition of intelligence.

65.

Howard Gardner believe intelligence is more than the ability to think critically.

a)

False

b)

True

66.

Sternberg proposed which of the following theories?

a)

Triarchic Theory

b)

Strength and Talents Theory

c)

Eight Intelligence Theory

d)

G and S Factor Theory

67.
These tests attempt to predict the test takers future performance.  
a)
Aptitude
b)
Acheivement
c)
Assessment
d)
Standardized
68.
Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _______ of a test. 
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
standardization
d)
factor analysis
69.
Validity is...
a)
When tests are administered and scored the same way every time.
b)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
c)
The moment when a test becomes legitimate.  
d)
A test that validates a students intelligence.  
70.
This persons was the first to investigate intelligence to determine a person's mental age
a)
Lewis Terman
b)
Alfred Binet
c)
Charles Spearman
d)
B.F. Skinner⋰
71.
Psychological tests must have two characteristics and they are:
a)
validity and reliability
b)
 correlation and validity
c)
reliability and  foundation
d)
reliability and correlation
72.
The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
a)
Emotional Intelligence
b)
Intelligence Quotient
c)
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
d)
Stanfor-Binet Test
73.
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
a)
reliable
b)
standardized
c)
valid
d)
normally distributed
74.

Which of the following is one of Gardner’s types of Intelligences?

a)

Executive Skills

b)

Ethics

c)

Creativity

d)

Musical

75.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
76.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
77.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a)
People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments.
b)
People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe.
c)
It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures.
d)
People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.
78.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
79.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
80.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
81.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
82.

How many components does the Multi-store model of memory contain?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

83.

What action is necessary to transfer information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

a)

Attention

b)

Rehearsal

c)

Retrieval

d)

Chunking

84.

Which definition best describes the term 'Schema'?

a)

A process of memory involving the transfer of information to internal mental structures.

b)

A reflection of an object or an event in the mind.

c)

A sequence of actions or events.

d)

A mental representation that influences our knowledge, beliefs and expectations.

85.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
86.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
87.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
88.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
89.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
90.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
91.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
92.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
93.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
94.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)
Bias
b)
Persistence
c)
Mnemonic
d)
Transience
95.

The average person can hold in short-term memory a list of

a)

nine items

b)

five items

c)

seven items

d)

eight items

96.

What are the three stages of memory in order?

a)

Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

b)

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

c)

Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory

d)

Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory

97.

Memory in which people recall events in great detail is called

a)

flashbulb memory.

b)

semantic memory.

c)

iconic memory.

d)

implicit memory.

98.

Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of

a)

iconic memory

b)

state-dependent memory

c)

eidetic memory

d)

context-dependent memory

99.
The process of filing information into your memory is...
a)
Chunking
b)
Encoding
c)
Retrieving
d)
Priming
100.

Which of the following is true?

a)

There is NOT a definite definition of intelligence.

b)

There IS a definite definition of intelligence.

101.

Howard Gardner believe intelligence is more than the ability to think critically.

a)

False

b)

True

102.

Sternberg proposed which of the following theories?

a)

Triarchic Theory

b)

Strength and Talents Theory

c)

Eight Intelligence Theory

d)

G and S Factor Theory

103.
These tests attempt to predict the test takers future performance.  
a)
Aptitude
b)
Acheivement
c)
Assessment
d)
Standardized
104.
Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _______ of a test. 
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
standardization
d)
factor analysis
105.
Validity is...
a)
When tests are administered and scored the same way every time.
b)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
c)
The moment when a test becomes legitimate.  
d)
A test that validates a students intelligence.  
106.
This persons was the first to investigate intelligence to determine a person's mental age
a)
Lewis Terman
b)
Alfred Binet
c)
Charles Spearman
d)
B.F. Skinner⋰
107.
Psychological tests must have two characteristics and they are:
a)
validity and reliability
b)
 correlation and validity
c)
reliability and  foundation
d)
reliability and correlation
108.
The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
a)
Emotional Intelligence
b)
Intelligence Quotient
c)
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
d)
Stanfor-Binet Test
109.
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
a)
reliable
b)
standardized
c)
valid
d)
normally distributed
110.

Which of the following is one of Gardner’s types of Intelligences?

a)

Executive Skills

b)

Ethics

c)

Creativity

d)

Musical

111.

7 + or - 2 refers to

a)

a good score on a divergent thinking test

b)

how long something can be held in short term memory

c)

how many items can be stored in short term memory

d)

the distribution of intelligence scores

112.

What action is necessary to transfer information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

a)

Attention

b)

Rehearsal

c)

Retrieval

d)

Chunking

113.

During the test, Donovan really has to use the restroom. It makes it difficult for him to focus on his test. What concept is this?

a)

State Dependent Memory

b)

Interference

c)

Feature Extraction

d)

Selective Attention

114.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
115.

Preserves brief sensory impression for a fraction of a second.

a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
116.
The process of filing information into your memory is...
a)
Chunking
b)
Encoding
c)
Retrieving
d)
Priming
117.

Studying for a test in the same room in which it will be held may result in a better grade because of

a)

iconic memory

b)

state-dependent memory

c)

echoic memory

d)

context-dependent memory

118.

Anthony has spent all day interviewing candidates for a position as supervisor in his factory. Which candidates is he most likely to rememberwhen it comes time to make his decision?

a)

The first few and the last few

b)

The ones who gave the most relevant responses to his quesitons

c)

The ones that fit his prototype of a supervisor

d)

Those that seem most intelligent

119.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)

Divergent thinking

b)

Prospective processing

c)
Mnemonic
d)

Feature extraction

120.

Memory of something that wa deliberately learned or recalled.

a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
121.

What is the memory process that locates stored information and returns it to consciousness?

a)

retrieval

b)

encoding

c)

storage

d)

interference

122.

If you are having trouble learning new information because old information is getting in the way, we call this concept_________interference

a)

retroactive

b)

anterograde

c)

savings

d)

proactive

123.

General knowledge that is not tied to personal events or the time when the information was learned.

a)

procedural

b)

episodic

c)

semantic

d)

misinformation

124.

A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned or recalled.

a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
125.

Which of the following illustrates an algorithm?

a)

Walking straight to the back of the grocery store because that is usually where they keep the milk

b)

Using online reviews to determine if a restaurant has good food

c)

Walking up and down every aisle until you find a gallon of milk at the grocery store

d)

Getting dinner at a buffet because it is the first restaurant that comes to mind when your friend asks where you want to eat

126.

What is a mental set?

a)

A belief that we are able to improve and grow

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions

c)

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way

d)

An interference with problem solving

127.

Prototypes are:

a)

A typical member of a category or mental grouping.

b)

a specific method for solving a problem.

c)

the ways words are arranged to make sentences.

d)

an algorithim.

128.

The belief that one's own expertise is better than other relevant information.

a)

phonemes

b)

representative heuristics

c)

overconfidence bias

d)

mental set

129.

Continuing to believe in a matter despite contrary evidence to the fact is:

a)

belief perserverance

b)

heuristic

c)

mental set

d)

framing

130.

This form of thinking consists of a free flow of ideas with no particular plan involved.

a)

convergent

(directed thinking)

b)

overconfidence bias

c)

fluid intelligence

d)

divergent

(non-directed thinking)

131.

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Vedder, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Vedder's surveillance strategy best illustrates ___________. 

a)

Availability Heuristic

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

The Representativeness Heuristic

d)

The Framing Effect

132.

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?

a)

“What is a stapler?”

b)

“How do you spell stapler?”

c)

 “How many uses can you think of for a stapler?

d)

“What does a stapler look like?”

133.

Ms. Jones sold more raffle tickets when she told potential buyers they had a 10% chance of winning a prize hat when she told them they had a 90% chance of not winning. Which of the following concepts does this example demonstrate?

a)

Representativeness Heuristic

b)

Belief Perseverance

c)

Framing Effect

d)

Availability Heuristic

134.

What is a heuristic?

a)

A process of trying out different solutions until one works

b)

A methodical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem

c)

A thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

d)

A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

135.

After watching the movie "Soul Surfer" in which a young woman gets her arm bitten off by a shark, Desiree refuses to swim in the ocean because she is sure sharks must surely be nearby. This is an example of a(an)...

a)

representative heuristic

b)

concept

c)

confirmation bias

d)

availability heuristic

136.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
137.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
138.

Noam Chomsky believed which of the following about language?

a)

Children are born with the ability to acquire language

b)

Children must be talked to often in order to acquire language

c)

Children learn language through reinforcement

d)

The learning of language depends on the environment of the child

139.

How many phonemes does the word “candy” have?

a)

4

b)

2

c)

1

d)

5

140.
The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
a)
Emotional Intelligence
b)
Intelligence Quotient
c)
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
d)
Stanfor-Binet Test
141.

Within a normal distribution, what percent of the population will fall between 85 and 115 on an IQ test?

a)

68%

b)

95%

c)

 99.7%

d)

32%

142.
Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of: 
a)
predictive validity
b)
factor analysis
c)
the g factor
d)
reliability
143.

Melinda completed the SAT when she applied for college but she wasn't happy with her score. Six months later, she took the test again to see if she could do better. The fact that her second score was almost the same as her first suggests that the test probably has a high degree of...

a)

 Content Validity

b)

Reliability

c)

Predictive Validity

d)

Standardization

144.

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Draco complained, “I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all.” Draco’s statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks ___________.

a)

Validity

b)

Standardization

c)

Reliability

d)

A Normal Distribution

145.

On the way home from work, a huge accident is blocking your normal route. You decide to take a different way. What type of intelligence enables you to figure out how to get home?

a)

Multiple intelligence

b)

Crystallized intelligence

c)

Emotional intelligence

d)

Fluid intelligence

146.

What explains why IQ scores have been consistently increasing over time?

a)

Cohorts

b)

Confabulation

c)

Flynn Effect

d)

Universal Grammar