WorksheetsStructure & Function of Body Systems
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 36mins
What is the role of the cerebral cortex in muscle movement?
It provides nutrients to the muscles.
It activates skeletal muscle cells through motor neurons.
It removes carbon dioxide from the muscles.
It supports the cardiovascular system.
Which type of joint allows for the most movement?
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Axial joints
How many bones are typically in the human body?
150
206
250
300
What is the function of hyaline cartilage in synovial joints?
It provides nutrients to the joint.
It allows for smooth movement.
It connects muscles to bones.
It strengthens the joint capsule.
What is the function of the skeletal musculature system?
To protect internal organs
To enable the skeleton to move
To produce red blood cells
To store calcium
What type of tissue covers the body's skeletal muscles?
Cartilage
Epimysium
Adipose tissue
Dermis
What is the term for the specialized connective tissue covering all bones?
Periosteum
Endosteum
Myocardium
Perimysium
What are muscle cells also known as?
Osteocytes
Neurons
Muscle fibers
Chondrocytes
Which muscle is located at the front of the upper arm?
Trapezius
Biceps brachii
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
What is the function of the epimysium in muscle structure?
Surrounds individual muscle fibers
Surrounds each fasciculus
Surrounds the entire muscle
Connects muscle to bone
Which muscle is found at the back of the thigh?
Rectus femoris
Biceps femoris
Tibialis anterior
Deltoid
What is the role of the sarcolemma in muscle fibers?
Stores calcium ions
Surrounds the muscle fiber
Produces energy for contraction
Transmits nerve impulses
What is the connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber called?
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Sarcolemma
What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?
It connects muscle fibers to bones.
It transmits signals from a motor neuron to a muscle fiber.
It stores glycogen and fat particles.
It surrounds the sarcoplasm.
What are the two types of myofilaments found in muscle cells?
Actin and Myosin
Sarcolemma and Sarcoplasm
Epimysium and Perimysium
Dendrites and Axons
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers?
It stores calcium ions.
It transmits nerve signals.
It provides structural support.
It connects muscle fibers to tendons.
What is the I-band in a sarcomere?
The area containing only myosin filaments
The area containing only actin filaments
The area where actin and myosin overlap
The center of the sarcomere
What happens to the H-zone during muscle contraction?
It increases in size
It remains the same
It decreases as actin slides over myosin
It disappears completely
Where is the Z-line located in a sarcomere?
In the middle of the A-band
At the ends of the sarcomere
In the middle of the I-band
At the center of the H-zone
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?
It stores calcium ions
It generates electrical impulses
It provides energy for contraction
It connects muscle fibers
What signals the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril, causing tension development in muscle?
The action of myosin crossbridges
The discharge of an action potential from a motor nerve
The presence of tropomyosin
The binding of calcium ions to troponin
According to the sliding-filament theory, what happens to the actin filaments during muscle contraction?
They remain stationary
They slide inward on myosin filaments
They break down into smaller filaments
They elongate and stretch
What is the role of troponin in muscle contraction?
It binds to myosin to initiate contraction
It stores calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
It binds calcium ions, causing a shift in tropomyosin
It breaks down ATP for energy
What dictates the force production of a muscle at any instant in time?
The number of crossbridges formed between actin and myosin
The length of the muscle fiber
The temperature of the muscle
The amount of ATP available
What is necessary for cross-bridge cycling with actin and myosin filaments?
Oxygen and glucose
Calcium and ATP
Sodium and potassium
Water and carbon dioxide
What occurs during the relaxation phase of muscle contraction?
Calcium is released into the sarcoplasm
Myosin heads bind to actin
Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP
What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
It binds to actin to initiate contraction
It provides energy for the power stroke
It breaks down calcium
It forms crossbridges with myosin
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to cause excitation of the sarcolemma?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
What is the phenomenon called when a stronger action potential cannot produce a stronger contraction?
All-or-none principle
Summation
Tetanus
Fatigue
What is the term for the maximal amount of force a motor unit can develop?
Twitch
Summation
Tetanus
Relaxation
Which type of muscle fiber is characterized by a high capacity for aerobic energy supply and fatigue resistance?
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx
Type III
Which type of muscle fiber is known for rapid force development and high anaerobic power?
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx
Type III
Which type of muscle fiber has a high fatigue resistance?
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx
None of the above
What is the color of Type IIx muscle fibers?
Red
White/Red
White
Blue
Which muscle fiber type has a high anaerobic enzyme content?
Type I
Type IIa
Type IIx
Type III
What is the motor neuron size of Type I muscle fibers?
Small
Large
Intermediate
Variable
Which type of muscle fiber is highly involved in a 100 m sprint?
Type I
Type II
Both Type I and Type II
Neither Type I nor Type II
What is the primary function of proprioceptors?
To increase muscle size
To provide the central nervous system with information needed to maintain muscle tone and perform complex coordinated movements
To decrease muscle fatigue
To enhance muscle flexibility
What are intrafusal fibers?
Fibers that run parallel to extrafusal fibers and provide information on muscle length
Fibers that increase muscle strength
Fibers that decrease muscle tension
Fibers that enhance muscle endurance
What is an example of muscle spindle activity?
Bicep curl
Knee jerk reflex
Jumping jacks
Push-up
What is the primary role of Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)?
To increase muscle contraction
To enhance blood circulation
To inhibit excessive muscle tension
To stimulate fast-twitch muscle fibers
Which of the following is a function of the cardiovascular system?
To store energy
To transport nutrients and remove waste
To produce hormones
To regulate body temperature only
What are the two main chambers of the heart called?
Atrium and ventricle
Aorta and vena cava
Left and right valves
Pulmonary and systemic
What is the function of the tricuspid and mitral valves?
To increase heart rate
To prevent backflow of blood into the atria
To pump blood into the lungs
To regulate blood pressure
Where is the atrioventricular (AV) node located?
In the left atrium
In the right ventricle
In the posterior septal wall of the right atrium
In the left ventricle
What is the role of the left and right bundle branches in the heart's conduction system?
They delay the impulse before it reaches the ventricles.
They act as the heart's intrinsic pacemaker.
They conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles.
They are located in the upper lateral wall of the right atrium.
What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?
To slow down the heart rate
To control the heart's rhythm by discharging impulses
To transport blood away from the heart
To record electrical activity of the heart
Which part of the nervous system accelerates the depolarization of the SA node?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What is an electrocardiogram (ECG) used for?
To measure blood pressure
To record the electrical activity of the heart
To monitor respiratory rate
To assess muscle strength
What does the QRS complex in an ECG represent?
Atrial contraction
Ventricular depolarization
Heart rate variability
Blood pressure changes
What is the function of arteries in the circulatory system?
To return blood to the heart
To transport blood away from the heart
To filter blood
To store blood
What is the primary function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
To facilitate exchange of oxygen, fluid, nutrients, and other substances
To collect blood from the capillaries and transport it back to the heart
To act as a reservoir for blood
What is the role of hemoglobin in the blood?
To catalyze the reaction between carbon dioxide and water
To transport carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
To regulate the pH of the blood
What is the function of the skeletal muscle pump?
To assist in the exchange of gases in the lungs
To help maintain blood pressure in the arteries
To assist contracting muscles in providing blood flow to the heart
To regulate the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To transport nutrients throughout the body
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
To regulate the body's temperature
To produce red blood cells
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of air in and out of the lungs?
Intercostal muscles
Abdominal muscles
Diaphragm
Scalene muscles
What is pleural pressure?
Pressure inside the alveoli
Pressure in the narrow space between the lung pleura and chest wall pleura
Pressure in the abdominal cavity
Pressure in the trachea
What happens to the rib cage during inspiration?
It contracts and moves downward
It expands and moves upward
It remains stationary
It contracts and moves upward
What is the primary benefit of regular exercise for respiratory muscles?
Increases lung size
Improves respiratory muscle function
Decreases heart rate
Reduces blood pressure
During very heavy exercise, what percentage of total body energy expenditure can be required for pulmonary ventilation?
3% to 5%
8% to 15%
20% to 25%
30% to 35%
What is the process called when oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary blood?
Osmosis
Filtration
Diffusion
Active transport
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli compared to the pulmonary capillaries at rest?
40 mmHg greater
60 mmHg greater
80 mmHg greater
100 mmHg greater
Which of the following is NOT listed as a key term in the document?
A-band
Axial skeleton
Hemoglobin
Photosynthesis
Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions?
potassium
calcium
troponin
tropomyosin
Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the muscle fibers of a motor unit?
acetylcholine
ATP
creatine phosphate
serotonin
When throwing a baseball, an athlete’s arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively increasing muscle activity?
Golgi tendon organ
muscle spindle
extrafusal muscle
Pacinian corpuscle
From which of the following is the heart’s electrical impulse normally initiated?
AV node
SA node
the brain
the sympathetic nervous system
What is the primary function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
To delay the impulse before it reaches the ventricles
To act as the heart's intrinsic pacemaker
To conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles
To regulate blood pressure
Which structure in the muscle fiber is responsible for storing calcium ions?
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myofibril
Endomysium
Which structure connects muscle to bone?
Ligament
Tendon
Cartilage
Fascia
What is unique about the H-zone?
Stores calcium ions
Provides a site for actin-myosin overlap
Allows for muscle relaxation
Contains only myosin filaments
