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Revision on Ch.14

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Inside a cell, amino acids link together to from proteins. This is called . . .

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

2.

carries copies of instruction for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

3.

carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

4.

What will the RNA strand code for?

AGC CGA

a)

TCG GCT

b)

ACG GTC

c)

UCG GCU

d)

TCG CUA

5.

Amino acid are .....

a)

the unit that make up proteins

b)

the unit that remove proteins

c)

the unit that change forms into chain

6.

How many nitrogen bases does DNA have?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

7.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
8.

Which nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA?

a)

Uracil

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

Thymine

9.

What are proteins made from?

a)

Lipids

b)

Amino acids

c)

Nucleic acids

d)

Carbohydrates

10.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

11.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
12.
Which statement is describing the process of protein synthesis?
a)
DNA is copied into mRNA which is translated into protein
b)
DNA is copied into DNA
c)
DNA is copied into lysosome
13.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
14.

Genetic information is passed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Proteins

d)

None of the above

15.

All are types of RNA EXCEPT

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

pRNA

16.
RNA contains which bases?
a)
adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine
b)
thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
c)
thymine, uracil, cytosine, guanines
d)
adenine, uracil, guanine, thymine
17.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
18.
DNA sequence is ACAGTGC. How would this be coded on mRNA?
a)
TGTCACG
b)
UGUCACG
c)
GUGACAU
d)
CACUGUA
19.

nitrogen bases are organized into a ______________ on genes

a)

DNA

b)

sequence

c)

protein synthesis

d)

messenger RNA

e)

transfer RNA

20.

What are genes?

a)

Sections of lipids found in the cytoplasm

b)

Sections of proteins found in the nucleus

c)

Sections of DNA found on chromosomes

d)

Sections of RNA found on chromosomes

21.

Which sugar is found in RNA instead of DNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

22.

Codon is .......

a)

A sequence of three bases that code for one amino acid

b)

mRNA codon: C-T-A --> anticodon will be G-A-U

c)

A sequence of two bases that code for one amino acid

d)

mRNA codon: C-A --> anticodon will be G-U

23.

A sequence complementary to the corresponding codon in mRNA sequence (mRNA codon: C-T-A --> anticodon will be G-A-U)

(a)  

24.
How are the amino acids linked together during translation?
a)
by creating peptide bonds
b)
by creating hydrogen bonds
c)
by creating covalent bonds
d)
by creating phospate bonds
25.
How many amino acids can be represented by a single 3-base DNA sequence?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
8
26.

During translation, what is the function of the ribosome?

a)

A) To transcribe DNA into mRNA.

b)

B) To synthesize tRNA molecules.

c)

C) To facilitate the binding of tRNA to mRNA.

d)

D) To replicate DNA strands.

27.

Which process involves Messenger RNA (mRNA) carrying instructions from DNA to synthesize proteins?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

28.

What is the correct sequence of amino acids?

AUG UAC AGU UAG

a)

Met, Tyr, Ser, Stop

b)

Tyr, Ser, Stop Met

c)

Met, Iso, Glu, Stop

d)

Stop, Met, Iso, Tyr

29.

The subunits that DNA and RNA are built with are called

a)

nucleotides

b)

amino acids

c)

hydrocarbons

d)

monosaccharides

30.

The main function of tRNA is to

a)

carry a message

b)

form the ribosomes

c)

transfer amino acids

d)

string together DNA and RNA

31.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a protein?

a)

protein --> RNA --> DNA

b)

DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> protein

c)

DNA --> amino acid --> RNA --> protein

d)

DNA --> tRNA --> mRNA --> protein

32.

During translation amino acids are assembled into a chain called a

a)

codon

b)

tRNA strand

c)

amino acid chain

d)

polypeptide chain

33.

Translation occurs in the (a)   of the cell.

34.

Which of the following processes occurs in the ribosome during protein synthesis?

a)

A) Transcription

b)

B) Replication

c)

C) Translation

d)

D) Mutation

35.

Explain the process of transcription in genetic coding.

a)

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm

b)

Transcription is the process where RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand.

c)

Transcription is the process of DNA replication

d)

Transcription involves the synthesis of DNA from RNA

36.

How do point mutations differ from frameshift mutations?

a)

Point mutations involve the insertion of nucleotides, while frameshift mutations affect a single nucleotide.

b)

Point mutations affect a single nucleotide, while frameshift mutations involve the insertion or deletion of nucleotides.

c)

Point mutations affect multiple nucleotides, while frameshift mutations involve the substitution of nucleotides.

d)

Point mutations involve the deletion of nucleotides, while frameshift mutations affect a single nucleotide.

37.

Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as:

a)

replications

b)

transformations

c)

mutations

d)

prokaryotes

38.

A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called:

a)

chromosomal mutation

b)

point mutation

c)

inversion

d)

translocation

39.

Mutation can be harmful and beneficial too.

a)

true

b)

false

40.

What are the effects of Harmful Mutation?

a)

Antibiotic-resistant

b)

Cancer

c)

Genetic disorder

41.

What is this type of Mutation?


It refers to any change in the sequence of DNA, which has no further impact on the amino acid sequence in a protein or in the functions performed by a protein. There is no phenotypic indicator of mutation.

a)

Missense Mutation

b)

Silent Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

42.

What is this type of Mutation?


Are generally much more serious and often more deadly than point mutations. Even though only a single nitrogen base is affected, as with point mutations, in this instance, the single base is either completely deleted or an extra one is inserted into the middle of the DNA sequence. This change in sequence causes the reading frame to shift.

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Insertion Mutation

43.

...................... are substances that cause mutation.

a)

Carcinogens

b)

Bacteria

c)

Mutagens

44.

Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Deletion

b)

Substitution

c)

Insertion

d)

Translocation

45.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
46.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
47.

A point mutation where one nucleotide base replaces an original nucleotide base

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Chromosomal Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Substitution Mutation

48.

Mutations that involve parts of or all of

a chromosome

a)

Replication

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Transcription

49.

Part of a chromosome is reversed.

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Point Mutation

50.

Failure of homologous chromosomes

to separate during meiosis.

Results in gametes with either one extra or one missing chromosome.

a)

Translocation

b)

Nondisjunction

c)

Replication

d)

Transcription

51.

Condition caused by nondisjunction at pair 21 during meiosis.

Individuals have an extra chromosome

at pair 21, or a total of 47 chromosomes.

Also called Trisomy 21.

a)

Cystic Fibrosis

b)

Translocation

c)

Hemophilia

d)

Down Syndrome

52.

A point mutation where DNA adenine (A)

is replaced by thymine (T) resulting in a single amino acid change during translation(affects blood cell

shape and function)

a)

Encephelitis

b)

Hemophilia

c)

Sickle Cell Anemia

d)

Influenza

53.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

54.

All the genes in both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are expressed at the same time.

a)

True

b)

False

55.

Prokaryotes regulate gene expression primarily

a)

in order to maintain homeostasis

b)

in response to changing environmental conditions

c)

during development as cells specialize

d)

Prokaryotes do not regulate gene expression. All genes are always on.

56.

One way to regulate the expression of a gene is to control the formation of mRNA. This is called ___ control.

a)

transcriptional

b)

translational

c)

post-transcriptional

d)

post-translational

57.

In order for a gene to be expressed, ___ must bind to the gene's ___, a specific sequence of nucleotides at one end of the gene, thus initiating transcription.

a)

DNA polymerase, promotor

b)

DNA polymerase, operator

c)

RNA polymerase, promotor

d)

RNA polymerase, operator

58.

An operon is

a)

a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes

b)

a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes

c)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes

d)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes

59.

Eukaryotes need to regulate their genes

a)

during cell specialization that occurs during development

b)

in order to maintain homeostasis

c)

both a and b

d)

neither a or b

60.

Gene regulation is the process that is used to:

a)

help make sugars for cells in plants.

b)

make glycosomes in cells.

c)

turn genes on and off.

d)

Not sure, need help.

61.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Rough E.R.
62.

In eukaryotes, DNA is tightly coiled around ____ in chromatin

a)

Histones

b)

Whey

c)

Casein

d)

Hemoglobin

63.

What is the inducer in the lac operon?

a)

cAMP

b)

glucose

c)

lactose

d)

CRP

64.

When will a lac operon be activated?

a)

Glucose is low and lactose is present

b)

Glucose is high and lactose is absent

c)

both glucose and lactose is high

d)

both glucose and lactose is low

65.

What is the role of the TATA box in eukaryotic genes?

a)

Code for liver enzymes

b)

Regulate gene expression

c)

Help position RNA polymerase

d)

Activate other genes

66.

What do Hox genes determine in fruit flies?

a)

The identities of each body segment

b)

The breakdown of protein products

c)

The stability of mRNA

d)

The exit of mRNA molecules from the nucleus

67.
what does a promoter do?
a)
it allows a gene to be transcribed
b)
it creates a DNA segment
c)
it is another word for ribosomes
d)
it is another word for RNA
68.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
69.

What causes mutations?

a)

Mutagens in the environment

b)

UV rays from the sun

c)

Gamma rays and X-rays

d)

All of the above.

70.

A mutation can be...

a)

harmful

b)

helpful

c)

neutral

d)

harmful, helpful, or benign(neutral)

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