all matter and space outside to a system

(a)  

it is physical system that does not interact or exchange energy with the surrounding

(a)  

focused volume in space from which the substance flows

(a)  

the surface that surrounds the control volume

(a)  

a quantity of matter having the same chemical composition or homogenous

(a)  

quantity that describes a susbtance

(a)  

a property that does not depend on the mass of a substance

(a)  

property that does depend on the mass of a substance

(a)  

it is a substance to which heat can be stored or heat can be extracted

(a)  

a sum of kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical, nuclear, and other energy associated with the atoms and molecules of a system.

(a)  

An increase in (a)   results in a rise in temperature or a change in phase. it is zero if T is constant

work due to the change in volume

(a)  

the total heat and heat content of a substance which is equal to the sum of the internal energy of a body and the product of pressure and specific volume

(a)  

measure of randomness of molecules of a substance or measures the fraction of the total energy of a system that is not available for doing work.

(a)  

the increase in entropy is called as (a)  

it is a quantity of energy transferred from one system to another

(a)  

it is form of energy due to temperature difference. BTU, calories, joule

(a)  

the heat required to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance 1°C

(a)  

time rate of doing work

(a)  

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment

(a)  

a measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance with reference to some standard value

(a)  

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale

(a)  

a measure of the ability of a substance, or more generally of any physical system, to transfer heat energy to another physical system.

(a)  

any of various standardized numerical measures of this ability, such as the Kelvin, Fahrenheit, and Celsius scale.

(a)  

tendency of a matter to change in shape, area, and volume with response to change in temperature

(a)  

it is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance.

(a)  

a total kinetic of all molecules.

(a)  

depends on the mass and energy of the particles

(a)  

heat flows from hot to cold until the heat is balanced and it is called (a)  

it is the temperature where there is the absence of heat

(a)  

defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to a given mass to raise the temperature of the body by one degree

(a)  

an enthalpy change accompanying a change in state

(a)  

these are the 4 states of matter in the universe

(a)  

6 distinct changes of phase

(a)  

the substance changes from liquid to a solid

(a)  

the substance changes from a liquid to a solid

(a)  

the substance changes from a gas to a liquid

(a)  

the substance changes from a liquid to a gas

(a)  

the substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase

(a)  

the substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without going through the liquid phase.

(a)  

amount of energy to melt ice

(a)  

amount of energy to vaporize water

(a)  

is used for phase change whereas Q=mcdT is used for temperature change

(a)  

it occurs whenever here is a temperature difference

(a)  

a heat transfer through stationary matter by physical contact.

(a)  

is a heat transfer by the macroscopic movement of a fluid. This type of transfer takes place in a forced-air furnace ad in weather systems

(a)  

occurs when microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, or another form of electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed.

(a)  

deals with the transfer of energy from one place to another and from one form to another.

(a)  

in 1798, a British military engineer, noticed that limitless amounts of heat could be generated in the boring of cannon barrels and that the amount of heat generated is proportional to the work done in turning a blunt boring tool.

(a)  

a French military engineer, who introduced the concept of the heat-engine cycle and the principle of reversibility in 1824.

(a)  

His work concerned the limitations on the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from a steam engine operating with a high-temperature heat transfer as its driving force.

(a)  

These ideas were developed by (a)   a German mathematician and physicist, into the first and second laws of thermodynamics, respectively

when two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, the first two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other

(a)  

the change in a system's internal energy is equal to the difference between heat added to the system from its surroundings and work done by the system on its surroundings

(a)  

heat does not flow spontaneously from a colder region, or, equivalently, heat at a given temperature cannot be converted entirely into work

(a)  

the entropy of a perfect crystal of an element in its most stable tends to zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero. This allows an absolute scale for entropy to be established that, from a statistical point of view, determines the degree of randomness or disorder in a system

(a)