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Software Engineering Quiz

Total questions: 173

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Software Engineering is concerned with __________, ____________, and _______________________ for professional software development.

a)

Theories, Methods, Tools

b)

Hardware, Software, Firmware

c)

Cost, Time, Resources

d)

Specification, Validation, Design

2.

Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of software on a PC are often ____________ than the hardware cost.

a)

Cheaper

b)

Greater

c)

Equal

d)

Less

3.

What are the fundamental software engineering activities?

a)

Specification, Development, Validation, Evolution

b)

Testing, Maintenance, Deployment

c)

Coding, Debugging, Documentation

d)

Planning, Design, Monitoring

4.

Which of the following is not a software process model?

a)

Waterfall

b)

Spiral

c)

Agile

d)

Process Matrix

5.

What is the main goal of software engineering?

a)

Develop software that is maintainable and dependable

b)

Maximize profits

c)

Minimize development time

d)

Reduce hardware costs

6.

Which of the following is NOT a software development life cycle (SDLC) phase?

a)

Coding

b)

Analysis

c)

Hardware Selection

d)

Maintenance

7.

Why do many software projects fail?

a)

Lack of clear requirements

b)

Insufficient testing

c)

Poor project management

d)

All of the above

8.

Which model involves customer feedback and incremental improvements?

a)

Waterfall

b)

Spiral

c)

Agile

d)

V-Model

9.

Software Evolution refers to:

a)

Modifying software to reflect changing customer requirements

b)

Developing new software

c)

Discarding outdated software

d)

Integrating software with hardware

10.

The Spiral Model combines which two approaches?

a)

Waterfall and Agile

b)

Prototyping and Waterfall

c)

Iterative and Linear

d)

Testing and Design

11.

Which of the following is not a generic software product?

a)

Photoshop

b)

Microsoft Word

c)

Custom-made payroll system

d)

Web Browser

12.

Which of these is considered a key attribute of good software?

a)

Flexibility

b)

Inconsistency

c)

Speed

d)

Dependability

13.

Software that is developed to meet a specific need for a particular client is called:

a)

Generic software

b)

Custom software

c)

Open-source software

d)

Application software

14.

The Waterfall Model is a:

a)

Linear sequential model

b)

Prototype model

c)

Incremental model

d)

Iterative model

15.

Which of the following activities is performed during Software Validation?

a)

Coding

b)

Testing

c)

Documentation

d)

Analysis

16.

The RAD Model emphasizes:

a)

Rapid prototyping and quick feedback

b)

Detailed documentation

c)

Delayed user involvement

d)

Large scale project management

17.

What is Software Testing?

a)

Creating software

b)

Evaluating software to detect errors

c)

Documenting software

d)

Debugging software

18.

Stand-alone applications are:

a)

Systems that run on a local machine without a network

b)

Network applications

c)

Embedded systems

d)

Distributed applications

19.

Which of the following activities is NOT part of software engineering?

a)

Requirement gathering

b)

Data processing

c)

Software testing

d)

Software deployment

20.

A prototype model is most useful when:

a)

Requirements are not clear

b)

There is limited interaction with the customer

c)

The project has a low budget

d)

The technology is mature

21.

Software specification involves:

a)

Defining the software's purpose and requirements

b)

Coding the software

c)

Installing the software

d)

Testing the software

22.

Software Engineering focuses on:

a)

Technical development only

b)

Project management only

c)

Both technical and project management aspects

d)

Marketing only

23.

Software Maintainability is an attribute that implies:

a)

Easy correction and adaptation of software

b)

High user satisfaction

c)

Lower development cost

d)

Faster hardware requirements

24.

Software Process includes:

a)

Analysis, coding, validation

b)

Analysis, specification, design, validation, evolution

c)

Testing and deployment only

d)

Coding and debugging only

25.

Which of the following is NOT a software engineering challenge?

a)

Coping with increasing diversity

b)

Reducing delivery time

c)

Developing trustworthy software

d)

Lowering hardware costs

26.

Software Architecture is:

a)

Detailed design of the system components

b)

The basic structure of the system

c)

Coding style

d)

Database management

27.

Which is a disadvantage of the Waterfall Model?

a)

Flexibility in requirements

b)

Sequential execution with little user feedback

c)

Low documentation requirements

d)

High cost

28.

Iterative Model is:

a)

Process where software is developed in repeated cycles

b)

A model without user feedback

c)

Only used in small projects

d)

A strict model without flexibility

29.

Which of the following best describes Embedded Control Systems?

a)

Systems that operate independently of the hardware

b)

Systems embedded within devices to control functionality

c)

Network-based applications

d)

Database management systems

30.

Software Engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production from the early stages of system specification through to maintaining the system after it has gone into use.

a)

Software Engineering

b)

Computer Science

c)

Information Technology

d)

Systems Engineering

31.

Software Engineering is concerned with __________, ____________, and _______________________ for professional software development.

a)

Theories, Methods, Tools

b)

Design, Development, Testing

c)

Planning, Execution, Delivery

d)

Analysis, Design, Implementation

32.

Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of software on a PC are often ____________ than the hardware cost.

a)

Less

b)

Greater

c)

Equal

d)

Negligible

33.

What are the fundamental software engineering activities?

a)

Specification, Development, Validation, Evolution

b)

Planning, Coding, Testing

c)

Design, Implementation, Maintenance

d)

Analysis, Design, Development

34.

Which of the following is not a software process model?

a)

Waterfall Model

b)

Spiral Model

c)

Agile Model

d)

Process Matrix

35.

What is the main goal of software engineering?

a)

Develop software that is maintainable and dependable

b)

Create software that is user-friendly

c)

Reduce software development costs

d)

Increase software performance

36.

Which of the following is NOT a software development life cycle (SDLC) phase?

a)

Requirements Analysis

b)

Design

c)

Testing

d)

Hardware Selection

37.

Why do many software projects fail?

a)

Lack of user involvement

b)

Poor project management

c)

Inadequate requirements

d)

All of the above

38.

Which model involves customer feedback and incremental improvements?

a)

Waterfall

b)

Agile

c)

Spiral

d)

V-Model

39.

Software Evolution refers to:

a)

Modifying software to reflect changing customer requirements

b)

Creating new software from scratch

c)

Upgrading hardware components

d)

Implementing security measures

40.

The Spiral Model combines which two approaches?

a)

Prototyping and Waterfall

b)

Agile and Waterfall

c)

Incremental and V-Model

d)

RAD and Waterfall

41.

Which of the following is not a generic software product?

a)

Commercial software

b)

Open-source software

c)

Custom-made payroll system

d)

Shareware

42.

Which of these is considered a key attribute of good software?

a)

Usability

b)

Dependability

c)

Performance

d)

Scalability

43.

Software that is developed to meet a specific need for a particular client is called:

a)

Custom software

b)

Commercial software

c)

Open-source software

d)

Proprietary software

44.

The Waterfall Model is a:

a)

Linear sequential model

b)

Iterative model

c)

Incremental model

d)

Spiral model

45.

Which of the following activities is performed during Software Validation?

a)

Requirements gathering

b)

Testing

c)

Design review

d)

Code review

46.

The RAD Model emphasizes:

a)

Rapid prototyping and quick feedback

b)

Extensive documentation

c)

Long development cycles

d)

User involvement

47.

What is Software Testing?

a)

Evaluating software to detect errors

b)

Creating test cases

c)

Debugging software

d)

Designing software

48.

Stand-alone applications are:

a)

Systems that run on a local machine without a network

b)

Web applications

c)

Mobile applications

d)

Cloud-based applications

49.

Which of the following activities is NOT part of software engineering?

a)

Data processing

b)

Requirements analysis

c)

Design

d)

Testing

50.

A prototype model is most useful when:

a)

Requirements are not clear

b)

Requirements are well-defined

c)

Budget is limited

d)

Time is short

51.

Software specification involves:

a)

Defining the software's purpose and requirements

b)

Creating user interfaces

c)

Writing code

d)

Testing software

52.

Software Engineering focuses on:

a)

Both technical and project management aspects

b)

Only technical aspects

c)

Only project management aspects

d)

User experience

53.

Software Maintainability is an attribute that implies:

a)

Easy correction and adaptation of software

b)

High performance

c)

User-friendly interfaces

d)

Low cost

54.

Software Process includes:

a)

Analysis, specification, design, validation, evolution

b)

Coding, testing, deployment

c)

Planning, execution, delivery

d)

Documentation, maintenance, support

55.

Which of the following is NOT a software engineering challenge?

a)

Lowering hardware costs

b)

Managing requirements

c)

Ensuring quality

d)

Meeting deadlines

56.

Software Architecture is:

a)

The basic structure of the system

b)

The design of user interfaces

c)

The coding standards

d)

The testing strategy

57.

Which is a disadvantage of the Waterfall Model?

a)

Sequential execution with little user feedback

b)

Flexibility in requirements

c)

High user involvement

d)

Rapid development

58.

Iterative Model is:

a)

Process where software is developed in repeated cycles

b)

A linear approach to software development

c)

A model with no user feedback

d)

A model that focuses on documentation

59.

Which of the following best describes Embedded Control Systems?

a)

Systems embedded within devices to control functionality

b)

Standalone systems

c)

Cloud-based systems

d)

Web applications

60.

What is software engineering?

a)

The process of designing, developing, and maintaining software

b)

The study of computer hardware components

c)

The creation of video games

d)

A subset of electrical engineering

61.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of good software?

a)

Reliability

b)

Maintainability

c)

Expensiveness

d)

Usability

62.

Who is considered the 'Father of Software Engineering'?

a)

Bill Gates

b)

Alan Turing

c)

Barry Boehm

d)

Frederick Brooks

63.

Which phase of software development involves gathering requirements?

a)

Coding

b)

Testing

c)

Requirements Analysis

d)

Maintenance

64.

What does SDLC stand for?

a)

Software Design Life Cycle

b)

System Development Life Cycle

c)

Software Development Life Cycle

d)

System Design Life Cycle

65.

Which model is also known as the 'Waterfall Model'?

a)

Agile Model

b)

V-Model

c)

Incremental Model

d)

Sequential Model

66.

In software engineering, what is a 'stakeholder'?

a)

A person who writes code

b)

An individual or group that has an interest in the project

c)

A software testing tool

d)

A type of software design pattern

67.

Which of the following is an example of a functional requirement?

a)

The system shall handle 1000 transactions per second

b)

The user interface shall be user-friendly

c)

The system shall allow users to reset their passwords

d)

The system shall be available 99% of the time

68.

What is the main goal of the testing phase in software development?

a)

To fix all bugs in the software

b)

To ensure that the software meets requirements and works as expected

c)

To design the user interface

d)

To deploy the software

69.

Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?

a)

The system should allow users to log in

b)

The software should be compatible with mobile devices

c)

The user should be able to download reports

d)

The system should process transactions

70.

What are the four main activities of the SDLC?

a)

Planning, Testing, Debugging, Maintenance

b)

Specification, Design/Implementation, Validation, Evolution

c)

Design, Implementation, Debugging, Validation

d)

Specification, Testing, Prototyping, Deployment

71.

What does the 'Evolution' stage in SDLC involve?

a)

Debugging the software

b)

Changing the system to meet evolving needs

c)

Writing new specifications

d)

Testing all components

72.

Which software process focuses on incremental planning and adaptability?

a)

Plan-driven process

b)

Waterfall process

c)

Agile process

d)

V-Model process

73.

The 'Specification' activity in the software process focuses on:

a)

Designing the database structure

b)

Writing code

c)

Defining what the system should do

d)

Testing the software

74.

Which activity involves checking if the system meets customer requirements?

a)

Specification

b)

Validation

c)

Evolution

d)

Implementation

75.

What is the primary goal of 'Design and Implementation'?

a)

Validate system requirements

b)

Define system constraints

c)

Convert specifications into an executable program

d)

Review customer feedback

76.

Functional requirements define:

a)

Constraints on system development

b)

The services the system should provide

c)

System testing processes

d)

High-level architectural design

77.

What is an example of a non-functional requirement?

a)

User login functionality

b)

System response time within 2 seconds

c)

Product catalog search

d)

Adding an item to the cart

78.

What is the first step in requirements engineering?

a)

Validation

b)

Specification

c)

Elicitation

d)

Documentation

79.

Requirements elicitation does NOT include:

a)

Requirements discovery

b)

Requirements validation

c)

Requirements prioritization

d)

Requirements negotiation

80.

What is the main purpose of requirements validation?

a)

To verify the coding standards

b)

To ensure requirements align with customer needs

c)

To test software components

d)

To improve system performance

81.

Which of the following is NOT a requirements validation technique?

a)

Prototyping

b)

Debugging

c)

Test-case generation

d)

Requirements reviews

82.

What is the cost impact of fixing a requirements error after delivery?

a)

10 times the cost of fixing a code error

b)

50 times the cost of fixing a code error

c)

100 times the cost of fixing a code error

d)

500 times the cost of fixing a code error

83.

What is the first step in the design process?

a)

Database design

b)

Interface design

c)

Architectural design

d)

Component selection

84.

Implementation involves:

a)

Testing user requirements

b)

Writing the source code

c)

Negotiating stakeholder priorities

d)

Creating prototypes

85.

Debugging is the process of:

a)

Writing system specifications

b)

Fixing faults in the program

c)

Validating the requirements

d)

Designing user interfaces

86.

Verification is defined as:

a)

"Are we building the product right?"

b)

"Are we building the right product?"

c)

Testing system usability

d)

Debugging the source code

87.

Validation focuses on:

a)

System specifications

b)

Customer requirements

c)

Implementation efficiency

d)

Database accuracy

88.

Which is NOT a stage of software testing?

a)

Component testing

b)

System testing

c)

Marketing testing

d)

Customer testing

89.

Software evolution refers to:

a)

Debugging errors in the system

b)

Changing software to meet new requirements

c)

Documenting requirements

d)

Reviewing test cases

90.

Which is NOT a reason for software change?

a)

New hardware introduction

b)

Changes in business environment

c)

Stable requirements

d)

New system errors

91.

What is the 'servicing' stage in software evolution?

a)

Adding new functionality

b)

Fixing bugs and maintaining operation

c)

Replacing outdated components

d)

Rewriting the entire system

92.

What is a key characteristic of a plan-driven process?

a)

Flexibility to changes

b)

Detailed upfront planning

c)

Continuous customer feedback

d)

Minimal documentation

93.

Agile processes typically involve:

a)

Fixed scope and timeline

b)

Rigid adherence to initial plans

c)

Incremental development and frequent delivery

d)

Long-term documentation

94.

What is a common element of both plan-driven and agile processes?

a)

No requirement validation

b)

Inclusion of system testing

c)

Lack of stakeholder involvement

d)

Ignoring customer requirements

95.

Requirements discovery focuses on:

4 lines
96.

Requirements discovery focuses on:

a)

Writing test cases

b)

Identifying stakeholder needs

c)

Implementing software solutions

d)

Reviewing system architecture

97.

What is requirements prioritization?

a)

Organizing stakeholders by importance

b)

Deciding which requirements are most critical

c)

Testing system components first

d)

Writing requirements in order

98.

Negotiation in requirements engineering ensures:

a)

Resolving conflicts between stakeholders

b)

Finalizing test plans

c)

Organizing system design activities

d)

Prioritizing code optimization

99.

Functional requirements specify:

a)

How the system behaves under specific conditions

b)

Constraints like timing or security

c)

The tools required for system development

d)

System evolution strategies

100.

Domain requirements are:

a)

High-level functional descriptions

b)

Constraints specific to the application domain

c)

General software design principles

d)

Testing methodologies

101.

What is an example of a functional requirement?

a)

The system shall authenticate users before access

b)

The system shall respond within 2 seconds

c)

The system must comply with ISO standards

d)

The system should be easy to maintain

102.

Architectural design involves:

a)

Creating a user interface

b)

Defining overall system structure and components

c)

Writing system specifications

d)

Testing software modules

103.

Which design activity focuses on creating interfaces between system components?

a)

Architectural design

b)

Interface design

c)

Database design

d)

Component selection

104.

What is the relationship between design and implementation?

a)

Completely independent activities

b)

Sequential and unrelated

c)

Closely interleaved and iterative

d)

Conducted by separate teams

105.

Validation testing ensures:

a)

Correct integration of system components

b)

System functionality meets customer expectations

c)

Internal system architecture is optimized

d)

No defects exist in the program

106.

What is the primary purpose of defect testing?

a)

To validate customer requirements

b)

To discover software faults or errors

c)

To test user satisfaction

d)

To improve system performance

107.

Which is NOT a stage of software testing?

a)

Component testing

b)

Performance testing

c)

Code documentation

d)

Customer testing

108.

Which factor does NOT drive software changes?

a)

New business regulations

b)

Hardware upgrades

c)

Customer satisfaction surveys

d)

Emergence of new errors

109.

What is 'phase-out' in the software life cycle?

a)

Adding features to existing software

b)

Maintaining critical systems

c)

Discontinuing system updates and changes

d)

Initial system testing

110.

Evolution processes depend on:

a)

Developer preferences

b)

Type of software and development practices

c)

Customer deadlines only

d)

Static requirements

111.

What is the input of software design in SDLC?

a)

Software Requirements Specification (SRS)

b)

Software Design Description (SDD)

c)

Deployment Plan

d)

Test Cases

112.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of good software architecture design?

a)

Reduces risks

b)

Ensures low-quality software

c)

Facilitates teamwork

d)

Enhances traceability(theo dõi)

113.

What is the primary output of software design?

a)

Implementation Code

b)

Test Scripts

c)

Software Design Description (SDD)

d)

Deployment Guide

114.

Which standard defines software architecture as 'the fundamental organization of a system embodied in its components'?

a)

IEEE 1471:2000

b)

ISO 9001

c)

CMMI

d)

PMBOK

115.

Who is mainly responsible for developing the software architecture?

a)

Project Manager

b)

Software Architect

c)

Business Analyst

d)

Quality Analyst

116.

Which architectural style is also referred to as 'Architecture Patterns'?

a)

Monolithic Architecture

b)

Architectural Styles

c)

Microservices

d)

Object-Oriented

117.

Which component in an architectural style defines how elements integrate to form the system?

a)

Constraints

b)

Connectors

c)

Attributes

d)

Elements

118.

What is the focus of a Monolithic architecture?

a)

Small and simple software systems

b)

Distributed systems

c)

Interaction-oriented systems

d)

Asynchronous communication

119.

Which of the following describes Data Flow Architecture?

a)

Sequence of data transformations

b)

Repository for centralized data storage

c)

Collection of loosely connected objects

d)

Layered hierarchy

120.

In Batch Sequential Architecture, when can a subsystem begin its process?

a)

Anytime

b)

After the previous subsystem completes

c)

At a fixed schedule

d)

Upon user request

121.

Which architectural style uses components like Data Source, Pipes, Filters, and Data Sink?

a)

Repository

b)

Blackboard

c)

Pipes and Filters

d)

Layered

122.

What is a major benefit of the Pipes and Filters architecture?

a)

High latency

b)

Concurrency

c)

Limited scalability

d)

Interactive user interfaces

123.

What is a major benefit of the Pipes and Filters architecture?

a)

High latency

b)

Concurrency

c)

Limited scalability

d)

Interactive user interfaces

124.

Which architecture is commonly used for embedded systems like temperature control?

a)

Pipes and Filters

b)

Process-Control Architecture

c)

Repository

d)

Object-Oriented

125.

In Blackboard Architecture, which component is active?

a)

Blackboard

b)

Agents

c)

Controller

d)

Filters

126.

Which architectural style emphasizes the use of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism?

a)

Component-Based

b)

Object-Oriented

c)

Layered

d)

Virtual Machine

127.

Which architecture splits the system into reusable software components?

a)

Monolithic

b)

Component-Based

c)

Microservices

d)

Multi-Tier

128.

What is the primary purpose of the Layered architecture?

a)

High reliability

b)

Functional separation

c)

Embedded control systems

d)

Asynchronous communication

129.

Which architectural style supports redundancy and fault tolerance?

a)

Master-Slave

b)

Main-Subroutine

c)

Repository

d)

Pipes and Filters

130.

What is the virtual machine architecture commonly used for?

a)

Real-time systems

b)

Creating emulators

c)

Web-based applications

d)

Distributed systems

131.

Which architecture divides the system into services, each serving a specific business need?

a)

SOA

b)

Microservices

c)

Pipes and Filters

d)

Layered

132.

In Repository Architecture, what type of data storage is used?

a)

Active storage

b)

Passive storage

c)

Hierarchical storage

d)

Distributed storage

133.

What is the primary disadvantage of Repository Architecture?

a)

Lack of data integrity

b)

Dependency on data warehouse structure

c)

Limited scalability

d)

Difficult backup and recovery

134.

What is the main feature of Blackboard Architecture?

a)

Synchronous communication

b)

Independent agents working in parallel

c)

Centralized processing control

d)

Stateless components

135.

Which of the following is a drawback of Blackboard Architecture?

a)

Lack of scalability

b)

Hard to debug and test

c)

Inefficient for concurrency

d)

Low data integrity

136.

What is a key characteristic of Object-Oriented Architecture?

a)

Layers and abstraction

b)

Relationships through message exchange

c)

Centralized data store

d)

Independent pipelines and filters

137.

What is a feature of the Master-Slave Architecture?

a)

Replicated services for fault tolerance

b)

Fully decentralized control

c)

Stateless communication

d)

No dependency between components

138.

Which hierarchical architecture involves subroutines passing data by reference or value?

a)

Master-Slave

b)

Main-Subroutine

c)

Layered

d)

Virtual Machine

139.

What is the role of a lower-level module in a Layered Architecture?

a)

Provide services to adjacent upper layers

b)

Oversee all other layers

c)

Act as a central repository

d)

Replace other modules if needed

140.

Which architecture is commonly used in designing emulators?

a)

Master-Slave

b)

Repository

c)

Virtual Machine

d)

Component-Based

141.

What is a key feature of Distributed Architecture?

a)

Centralized storage and control

b)

Communication via message passing

c)

Small, independent services

d)

Layers of abstraction

142.

Which architectural style divides the system into Model, View, and Controller?

a)

Layered

b)

MVC

c)

PAC

d)

Repository

143.

What is the purpose of the Abstraction layer in PAC architecture?

a)

To provide data storage

b)

To manage logic processing

c)

To handle user interactions

d)

To serve as the main controller

144.

What is a primary advantage of Microservices Architecture?

a)

Centralized communication

b)

Small, focused services

c)

High latency

d)

Single business implementation

145.

What distinguishes Microservices from SOA?

a)

Microservices are smaller and more autonomous units

b)

SOA lacks scalability

c)

SOA has no communication between services

d)

Microservices use monolithic design

146.

What protocol is commonly used for communication in Microservices?

a)

HTTP/HTTPS

b)

TCP/IP only

c)

Direct method calls

d)

Pipes and filters

147.

Which architecture provides high scalability but is challenging to test?

a)

Blackboard

b)

Repository

c)

Pipes and Filters

d)

Master-Slave

148.

What is a limitation of Batch Sequential Architecture?

a)

Requires user interaction

b)

High latency and no concurrency

c)

High implementation complexity

d)

Lacks clear data flow

149.

Why might Layered Architecture be chosen for a project?

a)

It ensures fault tolerance

b)

It simplifies functional separation

c)

It is ideal for monolithic systems

d)

It eliminates redundancy

150.

What is the key disadvantage of Monolithic Architecture?

a)

Difficulty in debugging

b)

Unsuitable for small systems

c)

Inefficiency in local communication

d)

Hard to scale for large applications

151.

What is the key disadvantage of Monolithic Architecture?

a)

Difficulty in debugging

b)

Unsuitable for small systems

c)

Inefficiency in local communication

d)

Hard to scale for large applications

152.

What is a notable benefit of Object-Oriented Architecture?

a)

Encapsulation and inheritance support

b)

Highly centralized processing

c)

Easy implementation for any system

d)

Strong ties between objects

153.

Which architecture is suitable for banking and billing systems?

a)

Repository

b)

Batch Sequential

c)

Virtual Machine

d)

Master-Slave

154.

What type of system uses Process-Control Architecture?

a)

Interactive web applications

b)

Embedded systems like cruise control(hệ thống nhúng kiểm soát hành trình)

c)

Multi-layered ERP systems

d)

Monolithic applications

155.

What is an example of Virtual Machine Architecture?

a)

Blackboard architecture in AI systems

b)

CLR in .NET platform

c)

Multi-tier web servers

d)

MVC-based user interfaces

156.

Which architectural style is used in distributed database systems?

a)

Pipes and Filters

b)

Master-Slave

c)

Repository

d)

Microservices

157.

In PAC architecture, what does the Controller layer manage?

a)

Interaction between components

b)

User interface logic

c)

System-wide data storage

d)

All low-level operations

158.

What is the main trade-off in Pipes and Filters architecture?

a)

Concurrency vs simplicity

b)

Scalability vs latency

c)

Reusability vs dynamic interaction(tái sử dụng và tương tác)

d)

Independence vs coupling

159.

Which architecture pattern is best suited for independent, scalable services?

a)

Component-Based

b)

Microservices

c)

Monolithic

d)

Repository

160.

What makes Process-Control Architecture effective for real-time systems?

a)

Its low latency

b)

Its modularity

c)

Its use of controlled variables and sensors

d)

Its simplicity in design

161.

What is the key limitation of Blackboard Architecture in debugging?

a)

Lack of clear roles

b)

High interaction complexity

c)

Absence of dynamic control

d)

Dependence on agent priorities

162.

Why is Layered Architecture a good choice for security-sensitive systems?

a)

Each layer can implement its own security policies

b)

It centralizes all security mechanisms

c)

It avoids external dependencies

d)

It restricts direct interaction between layers

163.

Which factors influence the choice of a software development model?

a)

Customer understanding of requirements

b)

Team skills and experience

c)

Risk assessment

d)

All of the above

164.

The Waterfall model is best suited for projects with:

a)

Vague and evolving requirements

b)

Stable and well-documented requirements

c)

High customer involvement

d)

Continuous requirement changes

165.

Which software development model is appropriate for managing high-risk projects?

a)

V-Shaped

b)

Iterative

c)

Spiral

d)

Agile

166.

The Agile model is most effective when (năng suất,hiệu quả)

a)

The project is short-term with clear requirements

b)

There is a need to accelerate software delivery(đẩy nhanh)

c)

The technology used is static

d)

The project team has no experience with the technology

167.

Which quality attribute is NOT observable(quan sát) at runtime?

a)

Security

b)

Availability

c)

Interoperability(tương tác)

d)

Usability

168.

What is the main principle(nguyên tắc) of designing software architecture?

a)

Think of implementation details first

b)

Focus on non-functional requirements early

c)

Avoid software reusability

d)

Use tightly coupled components

169.

What is an example of a tradeoff(sự đánh đổi) in software architecture?

a)

Improving performance can reduce security(tăng hiệu suất-> giảm bảo mật)

b)

Increasing reliability can improve usability

c)

Reducing cost can increase functionality

d)

Enhancing scalability reduces maintainability

170.

The Prototype model is best used for:

a)

Systems with minimal user interaction

b)

Complex systems with stable requirements

c)

Systems requiring user feedback and interaction

d)

Projects with high-quality documentation needs

171.

Which of the following is a runtime quality attribute?

a)

Maintainability

b)

Portability

c)

Performance

d)

Scalability

172.

In software development, Agile promotes:

a)

Strict adherence to initial requirements

b)

Risk reduction through iterative cycles

c)

Minimal customer involvement

d)

Fixed budget and timeline

173.

What type of projects is the DevOps model most suited for?

a)

Simple and small-scale projects

b)

Projects requiring high-quality assurance and testing

c)

Projects with unclear requirements

d)

Prototyping-focused projects