WorksheetsВопросы по геологии нефти
Total questions: 26
Worksheet time: 16mins
What is the function of the "cap rock" in an oil reservoir?
To allow free flow of oil to the surface
To seal and hold oil inside the reservoir, acting as an impermeable barrier
To improve the permeability of the reservoir and facilitate extraction
What is "kerogen"?
A liquid hydrocarbon that can be extracted directly from oil reservoirs
A solid hydrocarbon, insoluble in oil solvents, that generates oil when heated
A gaseous compound found in natural gas fields, used for energy
What is a "source" in the context of oil generation?
A fine-grained, organically rich sediment capable of generating oil
A rock that serves as a reservoir for already formed oil
A type of rock used for capturing natural gas for extraction
What fractions are produced during the distillation of crude oil in a distillation column?
Gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, fuel oil
Hydrogen, ammonia, carbon dioxide
Sulfur, methane, nitrogen gas
What is the process by which kerogen decomposes into liquid hydrocarbons (oil) and gas?
Catagenesis
Diagenesis
Metagenesis
What are the geochemical indicators used to assess historical temperatures experienced by sedimentary rocks?
Paleothermometers
Temperature ranges
Thermogenesis
At what stage and under what conditions does the formation of natural gas begin when kerogen decomposes into gaseous hydrocarbons?
Metagenesis, at depths greater than 4 km and temperatures above 120°C
Diagenesis, at depths less than 2 km and temperatures below 60°C
Catagenesis, at depths between 2 and 4 km and temperatures between 60°C and 120°C
What is a "trap" in the context of oil geology?
A structural or stratigraphic configuration that prevents further migration of hydrocarbons
A rock that enhances the migration of hydrocarbons
A surface feature that allows hydrocarbons to seep from the ground
What is the name of the water, trapped in sediments during deposition, often salty due to prolonged interaction with surrounding minerals?
Juvenile water
Meteoric water
Connate water
What is the difference between normal pressure and abnormal pressure in subsurface formations?
Normal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is above expected, while abnormal pressure is always below the pressure of the water column.
Normal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is equal to the weight of the water column, while abnormal pressure occurs when the pressure of the fluid is either above or below expected.
Normal pressure is the pressure found in gas reservoirs, while abnormal pressure is not related to the pressure from above.
Which of the following formulas correctly represents hydrostatic pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure = ρgh
Hydrostatic pressure = P + T
Hydrostatic pressure = V / A
Which of the following factors can affect the continuity of a reservoir, creating barriers?
Sedimentary barriers, diagenetic barriers, structural barriers
Chemical barriers, magnetic barriers, gravitational barriers
Hydraulic barriers, tectonic barriers, thermal barriers
What methods are usually used for managing and assessing the continuity of a reservoir?
What methods are commonly used for managing and assessing the continuity of a reservoir?
Seismic interpretation, well correlation, pressure testing
Fluid sampling, temperature monitoring, gravitational mapping
Magnetic probing, core sampling, flow rate assessment
What is the main difference between carbonate rocks and fractured rocks?
Carbonate rocks mainly consist of carbonate minerals, while fractured rocks are any type of rock that has been affected by natural fractures.
Carbonate rocks are defined by their mineral composition, while fractured rocks are defined by the presence of fractures or breaks regardless of their composition.
Carbonate rocks have high natural permeability, while fractured rocks are less permeable.
What methods can be used to identify tectonic faults?
Seismic interpretation, well correlation
Core sampling, temperature probing
Fluid analysis, magnetic probing
What conditions are necessary for commercial oil accumulation?
Volcanic activity, organically poor source rock, thin cap rock, unstable trap, high fluid migration
High geothermal gradient, influx of fresh water, rapid tectonic uplift, shallow groundwater level, low pressure
Organically rich source rock, sufficient heating, reservoir with porosity and permeability, and effective sealing
What is a "trap" in the context of hydrocarbon accumulation?
A geological structure that holds hydrocarbons, preventing their upward migration
A surface feature that allows hydrocarbons to seep from the ground
A type of reservoir that enhances the migration of hydrocarbons to the surface
What is a "seal" in the context of hydrocarbon accumulation?
An impermeable layer of rock that prevents the leakage of hydrocarbons
A porous layer of rock that allows hydrocarbons to migrate freely
A surface feature that traps hydrocarbons due to gravity
What is the name of the type of trap where porous and permeable sedimentary rocks are surrounded by impermeable rocks?
Lens traps
Fault traps
Anticlinal traps
Which of the following mechanisms are the main ones for the formation of basins?
Erosion, sediment deposition, sea level rise
Crustal compression, crustal extension, vertical movements
Volcanic activity, tectonic folding, sediment compaction
Which of the following are types of plate boundaries?
Sedimentary boundaries, erosional boundaries, volcanic boundaries
Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, transform boundaries
Back (fault) boundaries, subduction boundaries, transcurrent boundaries
How are cratonic basins classified?
Subcratonic basins: completely on oceanic crust, supercratonic basins: partially on continental crust
Pericratonic basins: at the boundaries of tectonic plates, hypocratonic basins: below sea level
What is the definition of an oil system?
A static structure for storing oil in geological formations
A dynamic system for generating and concentrating oil, functioning in geological space and time
A mechanism for artificially creating hydrocarbons in laboratories
What does the principle of Guss explain?
The process by which hydrocarbons are formed in thin layers of rock
How hydrocarbons migrate from the center of a deep basin to the flanks, filling traps in a predictable order
The movement of hydrocarbons through impermeable layers of rock to reach reservoirs
Why is it important to study the theory of plate tectonics in the context of basin formation?
It explains how ocean currents influence the deposition of basins
It links the formation of basins with tectonic processes, making classifications more genetic
It focuses exclusively on the formation of volcanic basins
