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экология 40Quiz

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The main reason for the instability of ecosystems is:

a)

imbalance in the circulation of substances

b)

adverse environmental conditions

c)

lack of food resources

d)

an excess of some species

e)

none of the above

2.

A relatively stable state of an ecosystem, in which a balance is maintained between organisms, as well as between them and the environment, is called:

a)

climacteric state

b)

succession

c)

fluctuation

d)

integration

e)

none of the above

3.

Which of the following gases is not a greenhouse gas?

a)

CO

b)

O3

c)

CH4

d)

H2O vapour

e)

none of the above

4.

One biotic factor that limits the carrying capacity of any habitat is the

a)

activity of decomposers

b)

level of atmospheric oxygen

c)

availability of water

d)

amount of soil erosion

e)

none of the above

5.

An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

c)

consumer

d)

detritivore

e)

bacteria

6.

An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)

a)

heterotroph

b)

autotroph

c)

chemotroph

d)

producer

e)

consumer

7.

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT

a)

transpiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

burning of fossil fuels

d)

decomposition of plants and animals

e)

adsorption

8.

The first listed of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry is?

a)

prevent waste

b)

catalysis

c)

atom economy

d)

benign solvents

e)

reduce derivatives

9.

The following is often referred to as the universal solvent and is a preferred green solvent?

a)

water

b)

methanol

c)

ethyl acetate

d)

benzene

e)

formalin

10.

Bio-polymers exemplify Green Chemistry Principle # 10, which is?

a)

design for degradation

b)

catalysis

c)

prevent waste

d)

benign solvents and auxiliaries

e)

atom economy

11.

The use of solar power is covered within Green Chemistry Principle #6, which is?

a)

design for energy efficiency

b)

atom economy

c)

catalysis

d)

design benign chemicals

e)

less hazardous synthesis

12.

Green chemistry can reduce all but which of the following?

a)

awareness

b)

risk and hazard

c)

cost

d)

waste

e)

greenhouse gas emissions

13.

What is particulate matter causing air pollution called?

a)

Soot

b)

Foam

c)

Smog

d)

macromolecular compounds

e)

none of the above

14.

Identify the bacteria not found in human excreta that causes gastrointestinal diseases.

a)

Staphylococcus aureus

b)

Escherichia coli

c)

Streptococcus faecalis

d)

Shigella

e)

Vibrio cholerae

15.

The maximum limit of which of the following in drinking water should be 50 ppb?

a)

lead

b)

sulphate

c)

nitrate

d)

fluoride

e)

none of the above

16.

The excess of which ion in drinking water can lead to blue baby syndrome?

a)

nitrate ion

b)

aluminum ion

c)

copper ion

d)

sulphate ion

e)

ammonium ions

17.

Which of the following rivers is called the world's most polluted river?

a)

Ganga River

b)

Chenab River

c)

Cauvery River

d)

Yamuna River

e)

Ural River

18.

Which of the following are the primary causes of water pollution?

a)

human activities

b)

plants

c)

animals

d)

bacteria

e)

none of these

19.

which of the following salts is the main cause of permanent hardness of water?

a)

magnesium sulphate

b)

magnesium bicarbonate

c)

magnesium carbonate

d)

potassium bicarbonate

e)

none of the above

20.

Chlorofluorocarbon are nonflammable chemicals mainly used in…

a)

all of the above

b)

refrigerators

c)

air conditioners

d)

perfumes

e)

inhalant

21.

What is the health effects of excess fluoride in drinking water?

a)

fluorosis

b)

toothaches

c)

lung disease

d)

intestinal infection

e)

lungs' cancer

22.

In most freshwater lakes, the algal productivity is limited by the availability of which of the following inorganic ions?

a)

phosphorus

b)

carbon

c)

nitrogen

d)

magnesium

e)

all of the above

23.

Which of the following salts are the main causes of temporary hardness?

a)

magnesium carbonate

b)

magnesium sulphate

c)

magnesium chloride

d)

calcium sulphate

e)

all of the above

24.

Which of the following actions most clearly represents biological monitoring used to determine environmental quality?

a)

the number and diversity of invertebrate species in a pond near a wastewater treatment plant is measured over 10 years.

b)

the ph of a river is measured every two months for five years to track the impacts of a local industry.

c)

the concentration of mercury in groundwater near a waste-disposal site is tracked over two years.

d)

the population of geese in a wetland is measured and is compared to the population size.

25.

The term used to measure a product or person's environmental impact is?

a)

footprint

b)

CO2 print

c)

handprint

d)

hazardous print

e)

all of the above

26.

Which of the following statements is wrong?

a)

Ozone is not responsible for greenhouse effect

b)

Ozone can oxidise sulphur dioxide present in the atmosphere to sulphur trioxide

c)

Ozone hole is thinning of ozone layer present in stratosphere

d)

Ozone is produced in upper stratosphere by the action of UV rays on oxygen

e)

Ozone, when liquefied, turns into an indigo liquid.

27.

Which of the following statements about photochemical smog is wrong?

a)

it has low concentration of oxidising agent

b)

it has high concentration of oxidising agents

c)

it can be controlled by controlling the release of no2, hydrocarbons, ozone etc.

d)

plantation of some plants like pinus helps in controlling photochemical smog

e)

photochemical smog is formed when sunlight interacts with certain chemicals in the atmosphere

28.

Which of these reactions in the atmosphere leads to acid rain?

a)

sulphur dioxide + water →→ sulphuric acid

b)

carbon dioxide + hydrogen →→ hydrogen carbonate

c)

sulphur + oxygen →→ sulphur dioxide

d)

sulphur + potassium hydroxide →→sodium sulfide

e)

magnesium + oxygen →→ magnesium dioxide

29.

Most environmental problems result from

a)

complex, interrelated problems

b)

excessive pollution

c)

technological development problems

d)

global warming

e)

urban degradation

30.

In explaining your choice of an environmental science major in college to your roommate, you would probably emphasize the fact that environmental science is a(n)

a)

applied interdisciplinary field concerning the environment with an emphasis on solving problems

b)

well-established field that has been in existence for a long time

c)

theoretical discipline that will help to solve the problems created by human impact

d)

relatively new field that will identify remedies to environmental issues

e)

theoretical field with an emphasis on scientific understanding

31.

The most common metal in the biosphere, playing an important role in geochemical processes is:

a)

aluminum

b)

copper

c)

tin

d)

silver

e)

iron

32.

Of the organisms listed below, the degree indicator the purity of the atmosphere are:

a)

lichens

b)

mushrooms

c)

insects

d)

animals

e)

all of the above

33.

Ecological passport?

a)

a document characterizing the impact of the facility on the environment and its consumption of natural resources

b)

a system of comprehensive assessment of all possible environmental and socio-economic impacts of projects and reconstructions, aimed at preventing their negative impact on the environment and on the solution of the planned tasks with the lowest cost of resources

c)

an attitude aimed at protecting the property interests of citizens and legal entities in the event of environmentally unfavorable circumstances

d)

a comprehensive system for evaluating the effectiveness of the administrative and economic mechanism of nature management

e)

an integral assessment of the results of human activity

34.

The main elements that make up living matter are:

a)

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon

b)

carbon, nitrogen, cobalt, copper

c)

iron, silicon, calcium, hydrogen

d)

hydrogen, carbon dioxide, iron, magnesium

e)

hydrogen, iron, copper, zinc

35.

Water on Earth completes a complete cycle approximately:

a)

2 million years

b)

2000 years

c)

200,000 years

d)

for 200 years

e)

1000 years

36.

The highest concentration of ozone is located in the following limits:

a)

from 20 to 25 km

b)

from 10 to 20 km

c)

from 5 to 10 km

d)

from 25 to 40 km

e)

from 20 to 40 km

37.

The maximum vertical dimensions (thickness) of the biosphere are:

a)

about 35 km

b)

15 km

c)

25 km

d)

10 km

e)

5 km

38.

The biosphere itself has a small thickness and is concentrated in a rather thin layer equal to:

a)

over the ocean - 17 km, over land - 12 km

b)

over the ocean - 12 km, over land - 5 km

c)

over the ocean - 5 km, over land - 1 km

d)

both over the ocean and over land no more than 10 km

e)

over the ocean - 10 km, over land - 5 km

39.

The maximum density of life on land is concentrated:

a)

from 5 meters deep into the soil and up to the crown of trees

b)

up to a height of 1 km

c)

up to a height of 10 km

d)

under the soil - up to a depth of 100

e)

up to a height of 100 km

40.

Nitrogen is released into the air from the soil through the activities of:

a)

denitrifying bacteria

b)

nitrifying bacteria

c)

aerobic bacteria

d)

saprotrophic bacteria

e)

all of the above

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