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WorksheetsAP Psych Review Exam Practice#2
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 43mins
What structure in the ear is responsible for transducing sound waves into neural impulses?
Auditory canal
Tympanic membrane
Cochlea
Eustachian tube
Which type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the cochlea or auditory nerve?
Conduction deafness
Sensorineural deafness
Central deafness
Mixed deafness
Which of the following is a taste sensation humans can detect?
Spicy
Umami
Metallic
Sour
Which sensory system is unique because it does not relay information through the thalamus?
Vision
Touch
Hearing
Smell
The experience of taste is significantly influenced by which other sensory system?
Auditory system
Visual system
Olfactory system
Vestibular system
The theory that suggests our spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that either blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain is known as:
Gate-control theory
Pain threshold theory
Sensory adaptation theory
Signal detection theory
Which sensory system helps us maintain balance and spatial orientation?
Somatosensory system
Vestibular system
Kinesthetic system
Gustatory system
The sense of body position and movement of individual body parts is referred to as:
Proprioception
Vestibular system
Kinesthetic system
Somatosensory system
The sense of body position and movement of individual body parts is referred to as:
Proprioception
Vestibular system
Kinesthetic system
Somatosensory system
(a) is a depressant that lowers inhibitions and slows neural processing.
Psychoactive drugs that increase neural activity and speed up body functions are called:
Depressants
Stimulants
Opiates
Hallucinogens
Match the following neurotransmitters with their associated functions.
Acetylcholine
Involved in muscle activation and memory
Dopamine
Associated with the brain’s reward system and the feeling of pleasure
Serotonin
Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep
GABA
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
The brain imaging technique used to show both the structure and function of the brain by detecting where radioactive glucose is consumed is (a)
Match the following terms with their definitions.
Neurogenesis
The process of forming new neurons in the brain.
Lateralization
The specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain for different tasks.
Plasticity
The ability of the brain to adapt and reorganize itself, especially after injury.
Localization
The specific areas of the brain responsible for particular functions.
Which hormone is known to regulate sleep-wake cycles?
Oxytocin
Dopamine
Melatonin
Cortisol
The phenomenon where we fail to notice changes in our environment because our attention is elsewhere is called:
Change blindness
Inattentional blindness
Divided attention
Selective attention
Which memory system holds information for a few seconds before it either decays or is transferred to short-term memory?
Long-term memory
Working memory
Sensory memory
Procedural memory
The tendency to rely on information that comes to mind quickly when making a decision is known as:
Availability heuristic
Representativeness heuristic
Algorithm
Functional fixedness
What is *proactive interference*?
A) Difficulty remembering new information due to interference from old information.
B) Difficulty recalling old information due to new information.
C) The failure to encode new information into memory.
D) The decay of memories due to lack of rehearsal.
Which type of attention involves focusing on one particular stimulus while ignoring others?
Divided attention
Selective attention
Sustained attention
Inattentional blindness
Which of the following describes *test reliability*?
A) The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
B) The consistency of test results over time.
C) The ability of a test to predict future performance.
Which of the following is a *binocular* cue for depth perception?
Interposition
Retinal disparity
Linear perspective
Relative size
Which type of thinking is associated with generating novel and varied ideas for a problem?
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking
Functional fixedness
Heuristic thinking
Which type of memory is responsible for recalling how to perform a task like riding a bike?
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Working memory
Which of the following is a *monocular* depth cue?
Retinal disparity
Convergence
Interposition
Binocular disparity
A mental framework for organizing and interpreting information is known as:
Heuristic
Prototype
Schema
Algorithm
In the multi-store model of memory, the first stage where information is held briefly is called:
Long-term memory
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
Episodic memory
The inability to form new memories following brain trauma is called:
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Implicit memory loss
Procedural memory loss
Which term refers to our ability to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in sensory input?
Apparent motion
Depth perception
Perceptual constancy
Bottom-up processing
Which of the following is an example of the *representativeness heuristic*?
Judging a book by its cover
Using a rule of thumb
Making a decision based on past experiences
Choosing the most statistically probable outcome
Vygotsky’s concept of scaffolding involves:
Independent problem-solving
Gradual assistance to support learning
Instinctive cognitive growth
Social conformity
The zone of proximal development describes:
Tasks that require assistance to be learned
A child’s capacity for language acquisition
A critical period in motor skills
Unassisted learning zones
Phonemes are:
The smallest units of sound in a language
The rules for combining words into sentences
The meaning of words and sentences
The social use of language
Overgeneralization occurs when children:
Use correct grammar consistently
Overapply grammar rules, such as “runned” instead of “ran”
Avoid using irregular forms
Repeat a single word over and over
Syntax in language refers to:
Word meanings
Sentence structure and grammar
Basic sounds of language
Non-verbal communication
Which stage in language development involves understanding complex sentences?
Babbling
Telegraphic speech
Two-word stage
Complex sentence stage
Authoritative parenting is characterized by:
High responsiveness and high demands
High demands and low responsiveness
Permissive boundaries and few rules
Minimal involvement in the child’s life
A “secure” attachment in children is marked by:
Anxiety in relationships
Trust and a sense of security with caregivers
Avoidance of close relationships
Distrust in others
According to Erikson, the primary conflict in adolescence is:
Trust vs. Mistrust
Initiative vs. Guilt
Identity vs. Role Confusion
In adulthood, Erikson’s stage of “Generativity vs. Stagnation” involves:
Finding personal identity
Forming close relationships
Contributing to future generations
Achieving personal accomplishments
The “social clock” refers to:
The biological timing of puberty
Cultural expectations for major life milestones
Developmental stages based on age
Fixed intervals of personality development
In classical conditioning, the unconditioned response is:
The learned response
An automatic reaction to a stimulus
A neutral reaction
Triggered by a conditioned stimulus
When a conditioned response fades after the conditioned stimulus is no longer presented, this is called:
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Which of the following is an explanation of stimulus generalization?
Only responding to the exact same stimulus
Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus
Failing to respond after the stimulus is changed
Associating the response with a new stimulus
Higher-order conditioning involves:
Repeating the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus
Creating a new conditioned response by associating it with a new stimulus
Losing the conditioned response over time
Reducing responses through repeated exposure
Which of the following is the best example of the just-world phenomenon?
A) Believing that bad things happen to people because they deserve them
B) Assuming that a homeless person is lazy without considering external factors
C) Believing that the world is a chaotic place without any reason behind events
D) Assuming that everyone in a disadvantaged group is responsible for their situation
What is the role of the amygdala in emotional responses?
It processes and regulates long-term memory
It is involved in regulating the autonomic nervous system
It evaluates the emotional significance of stimuli and triggers emotional responses
It helps with the regulation of stress hormones
What is deindividuation?
The loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in group settings
The process of evaluating one’s behavior against group norms
The tendency to conform to the behaviors of others in a group
The ability to recognize the influence of others on one’s actions
Which of the following best defines "group polarization"?
The tendency for group discussions to strengthen members' initial views
The tendency for people to avoid making decisions in groups
The process by which group members become less cohesive
The tendency for groups to make better decisions than individuals
Which of the following describes "social norms"?
Guidelines for acceptable behavior in a group or society
Universal laws that apply to all cultures
Ways of thinking that people naturally adopt over time
The values associated with higher status in society
Which of the following is an example of "obedience"?
Following a teacher’s instructions to complete an assignment
Agreeing with a group opinion to avoid being left out
Acting in a way that reflects your personal values and beliefs
Refusing to follow a rule because it seems unfair
According to the Schachter-Singer theory, which of the following is necessary for emotional experience?
A) A cognitive label for the physiological state
B) Just a physiological reaction to the stimulus
C) Awareness of the situation in which the emotion occurs
D) An automatic bodily response without interpretation
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is a behavior based on that attitude
Prejudice is a behavior, while discrimination is a conscious thought process
Prejudice and discrimination are the same and can be used interchangeably
Prejudice is based on facts, while discrimination is based on emotional responses
Which of the following best describes the concept of "conformity"?
A) Changing one’s behavior to match the expectations of others
B) Making decisions based on individual thoughts and values
C) The willingness to argue with the majority opinion
D) Avoiding group interaction to make personal decisions
What does "self-fulfilling prophecy" mean?
A) When an individual’s belief about another person leads them to act in ways that cause the person to behave in a way that confirms the belief
B) When people act according to their beliefs but refuse to change their actions
C) When people's behavior does not affect others' perceptions of them
D) When a person's negative traits prevent them from achieving goals
Which of the following is a common reason for people to conform in social settings?
The desire to stand out from the group
A need for approval and acceptance from others
The need to assert their independence
The desire to think independently
What is deindividuation?
A) The loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in group settings
B) The process of evaluating one’s behavior against group norms
C) The tendency to conform to the behaviors of others in a group
D) The ability to recognize the influence of others on one’s actions
In Freud's psychodynamic theory, which part of the psyche is responsible for seeking immediate gratification?
A) The superego
B) The ego
C) The id
D) The unconscious
What is the actor-observer bias?
The tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to internal factors but our own behavior to external factors
The tendency to attribute our own behavior to personal traits and others' behavior to the situation
The tendency to attribute all behaviors to external situations
The tendency to make assumptions about people based on their appearance
What is "in-group bias"?
The tendency to favor members of an out-group over members of one's in-group
The tendency to assume that people in other groups share similar traits
The tendency to favor one's own group and treat outsiders unfairly
The tendency to overlook group differences when interacting with others
Which of the following is a key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
Excessive worry and fear of rejection
Repeated violation of the rights of others and lack of remorse
Strong need for attention and validation from others
Intense fear of being judged by others in social situations
What is one major advantage of using a biopsychosocial approach to diagnose psychological disorders?
It focuses exclusively on biological factors
It considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
It avoids using any psychological theories
It applies a one-size-fits-all diagnostic tool
Which psychological perspective focuses on unconscious thoughts and childhood experiences as causes of mental disorders?
Behavioral
Cognitive
Psychodynamic
Sociocultural
What is the main characteristic of a dissociative disorder?
An intense fear of social situations
Disruptions in consciousness, memory, or identity
Compulsive hand-washing
Sudden emotional outbursts
What is one common symptom of schizophrenia?
Decreased need for sleep
Delusions or false beliefs
Increased energy and motivation
Avoidance of all social situations
Which of the following is most commonly associated with depression?
Hyperactivity
Persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness
Excessive spending
Rapid speech and thoughts
Which disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression?
Generalized anxiety disorder
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive disorder
Panic disorder
What is the main difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?
Bipolar I includes manic episodes, while bipolar II only includes hypomanic episodes
Bipolar I includes depressive episodes, while bipolar II does not
Bipolar I involves mild mood swings, while bipolar II is characterized by extreme mood swings
Bipolar I is more common than bipolar II
Which of the following is a key symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Repeatedly washing hands or performing other rituals
Intense fear of social interactions
Sudden mood swings
Hallucinations
Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for the rights of others?
Antisocial personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
What is the term used to describe the tendency of some individuals to develop mental disorders after experiencing extreme stress?
Diathesis-stress model
Conditioning model
Cognitive-behavioral model
Humanistic model
Which of the following is considered a culture-bound syndrome?
Taijin kyofusho
Schizophrenia
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
Which of the following is a common symptom of PTSD?
Sudden changes in appetite
Flashbacks to the traumatic event
Excessive sleeping
Reduced emotional sensitivity
Which therapy technique is most associated with treating phobias?
Which of the following is a common symptom of PTSD?
Sudden changes in appetite
Flashbacks to the traumatic event
Excessive sleeping
Reduced emotional sensitivity
What does the cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aim to do?
Modify irrational beliefs and change maladaptive behaviors
Explore repressed memories from childhood
Focus exclusively on resolving unconscious conflicts
Provide unconditional positive regard
