WorksheetsAP Psychology Midterm Review
Total questions: 104
Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins
A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that
participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who do not drop out
differences observed among participants of different ages are usually due to differences in the environment in which they were reared
men and women confront different developmental crises in the course of their lives because of their different social roles
personality traits do not remain constant across the life span
unfamiliarity with testing situations can put older participants at a disadvantage
An illusory correlation is best defined as a
correlation of 0
causal relationship
correlation of −1.0
perceived relationship where one does not exist
correlation of +1.0
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors
Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons
Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons
Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons
Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors
Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to...
A lack of debriefing
Sampling bias
Participant bias
Social desirability bias
Placebo effects
In the figure above, where do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have their initial effect?
A
B
C
D
E
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
pitch
absolute threshold
location of the source
frequency
If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...
priming
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
Weber's law
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
cochlea cells
feature detectors
rods and cones
bipolar cells
Frequency theory best explains _______, while place theory best explains ________.
how we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages
how we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds
how touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle
how phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain
what Gestalt rule makes these black shapes look like a panda with no connecting lines?
Proximity
continuity
closure
similarity
In which stage do vivid dreams occur?
REM
NREM-1
NREM-2
NREM-3
If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to
have content validity.
be reliable.
have a normal distribution.
have predictive validity.
What is cognitive psychology?
the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
the scientific study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
the study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.
Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Biological
After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president. What does this seem to illustrate?
Skepticism
Critical Thinking
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
+.30
+.75
+1.3
-.85
The arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.
Median
Mean
Mode
Descriptive Statistics
A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin
Action Potential
Luke does not feel like getting out of bed, has lost his appetite, and feels tired for most of the day. Which of the following neurotransmitters likely is in short supply for Luke?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Which of the following brain areas is responsible for regulating thirst?
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Brainstem
Reticular activating system
The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina.
hue
retina
lens
pupil
Ashton is washing his hands and adjusts the faucet handle until the water feels just slightly hotter than it did before. Ashton's adjustment until he feels a difference is an example of
Weber's Law
an absolute threshold
a difference threshold
signal detection
The process of getting information out of memory storage.
Encoding
Sensory memory
Retrieval
Storage
Harry, a singer, is asked to remember his former band mates names. What measure of retention will Harry use to answer this question?
Recognition
Relearning
Recall
Storage
Fill in the blank: A survey is not a method, but a ______ used within research.
tool
experiment
observation
analysis
Fill in the blank: Identical twins share ________ of their genes, making them a key focus in studies of heredity.
25%
50%
75%
100%
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pain relief?
Dopamine
Endorphins
Serotonin
GABA
Which is NOT true of statistical significance?
It is an inferential statistic
It refers to the probability that results of a study are most likely not due to chance
It means that there is a difference between the experimental and control groups
It means that the study had a large effect size
Which of the following would best explain why those born blind have sensitive hearing or why people who lose a limb experience phantom sensations in the missing limb?
Neuroplasticity
Tolerance
Reuptake
Stimulus threshold
The opponent-process theory of color vision (choose more than one)
explains how some cones are sensitive to blue light, some to red light, and some to green light
offers a more complete explanation compared to the trichromatic theory
explains why we experience after images
asserts that cones come in opposite pairs such as red-green, black-white, and blue-yellow.
Without ___________ we would have trouble detecting light, and therefore transduction would be impaired.
the cochlea
rods and cones in the retina
olfactory receptors
papillae
Psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one’s potential.
behavioral
biological
socio-cultural
humanistic
Psychological perspective concerned with physiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes.
behavioral
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
Psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior.
evolutionary
humanistic
behavioral
socio-cultural
The psychological perspective concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior.
functionalism
behavioral
psychoanalytic
humanistic
•When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of:
A. chunking.
B. flashbulb memory.
C. automatic processing.
D. iconic memory.
•According to the serial position effect, you will remember more:
A. items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
B. items in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
C. vocabulary words if you process them visually.
D. vocabulary words if you process them acoustically.
•Which of the following processes is likely to result in the best memory for words?
A. visual encoding
B. acoustic encoding
C. rote memorization
D. semantic encoding
•Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:
A. amygdala
B. hypothalamus
C. sensory cortex
D. motor cortex
Priming refers to:
A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.
B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.
C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source.
D. the activation of associations in memory.
After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Adam cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates:
A. repression
B. retroactive interference
C. encoding failure
D. source amnesia
•You are used to driving a car with a standard shift (stick shift). Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission. As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift. This tendency is most likely due to:
A. retroactive interference
B. proactive interference
C. motivated forgetting
D. encoding failure
Positively Skewed
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution
Normal Distribution/Curve
A special frequency polygon, shaped like a bell, in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median, and mode are all located on the same point on the curve with scores decreasing as the curve extends from the mean
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the high end of the distribution
A distribution of scores in which scores are concentrated in the low end of the distribution
Scatterplot
Normal Distribution / Normal Curve
Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...
Insight
Heuristic
Prototype
Algorithm
Retrieval
Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?
Divergent Thinking
Convergent Thinking
Intrinsic Motivation
Availability Heuristic
Representative Heuristic
Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?
Heuristic
Insight
Algorithm
Convergent Thinking
Divergent Thinking
Which type of problem solving strategy allows us to make an estimate on the likelihood of events based on how much that event matches a prototype?
Intuition
Insight
Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Algorithm
What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?
Confirmation Bias
Overconfidence
Intuition
Insight
Algorithm
In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on
prototypes.
heuristics.
phonemes.
algorithms.
framing.
Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates
fixation.
the representativeness heuristic.
belief perseverance.
the availability heuristic.
the framing effect.
Mr.Anderson wants to conduct an experiment with 30 of his students to see how does music affect student's memory. Which of the following is the best way to select his students for the experiment?
Pick 30 students that he feels are the best for the experiment
Send out an invitation to his favorite class, and the first 30 students that accepted the invitation will be a part of the experiment
Pick the first and last 15 students in the alphabet
Give each student name a number and use a number generator to select the students
Which of the followings is a positive correlation?
Jennie gains more muscle after she loses weight
As the temperature increases, people tend to go to the beach more
As Devin studies less, he achieves lower grades
When the price goes up, people are less likely to buy it
Which of the following is not one of the 6 ethical guidelines?
Researchers must keep the participants' identity confidential
Participants are allowed to withdraw at any moment during the research
Researchers must debrief the participants about the true nature of the study after the study is done
Researchers must never deceive the participants during the research
Which of the followings is not a measure of central tendency?
mean
mode
range
median
A belief that infertile couples become more likely to conceive a child after adopting a baby is best considered to be what?
Hypothesis
Theory
Hindsight bias
Illusory correlation
A researcher wants to know how different types of teaching style affect student's test score. What method should be used?
Naturalistic observation
Experiment
Case Study
Survey
How many percent of people fall within 1 standard deviation on either side of the mean on a normal curve?
34%
13.5%
95%
68%
which of the following is a strength of correlational research method?
It requires only one participant.
It specifies cause and effect.
It works with large groups of data.
All the variables are controlled.
Which of the following best demonstrates a double-blind procedure?
Neither the research staff nor the participants know who is getting the treatment.
Only the research staff know who is getting the treatment.
Only the participants know who is getting the treatment.
Both the research staff and participants know who is getting the treatment.
Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's
ability to assume the perspective of others.
ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.
accumulated knowledge.
ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...
Insight
Heuristic
Prototype
Algorithm
Retrieval
When scores are "bunched up"in the center of a distribution, the
mean will be relatively low
standard deviation will be relatively low
correlation coefficiaent will be a negative number
standard deviation will be relatively high
Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables?
-0.12
+1.00
-0.99
+0.25
-0.50
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
standard deviation
variance
range
dependent variable
The score that occurs most frequently
mean
median
mode
standard deviation
Which of the following is the mode for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9?
4
7
9
Which of the following is the range for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9?
5
7
9
Which brain area controls the expression of language?
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Temporal lobe
Auditory cortex
what are the big five factors?
quiet,
greedy,
narcissist,
evil,
nonchalant
ID
primal desires
Ego
the self
Super-ego
internalized set of ideals
Which of the following focuses on healthy people striving for self-actualization?
Psychology
Humanistic
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Psychoanalysis
self actualization can be reached by the feeling of
being a part of a basketball team
passing traditions on to grandchildren
having a house to live in
getting married
What is the third level in Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
self actualization
esteem
love and belonging
safety
physiological
What is the last level in Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
safety
love and belonging
physiological
self actulization
esteem
A person's judgement about whether he or she can do something; it is an estimate of ability relative to a task.
Self Efficacy
Mastery Experience
Vicarious Experience
Verbal Persuasion
According to self-determination theory, what are the three basic psychological needs that drive behavior?
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Competence, independence, and achievement
Autonomy, mastery, and purpose
Autonomy, relatedness, and achievement
Personality is best defined as an individual's
characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
most noticeable characteristics.
biologically inherited temperament.
hidden thoughts and emotions.
Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of __________ in regards to healthy personality development.
the collective unconscious
unconditional positive regard
reciprocal determinism.
the primary care giver
Identical twins are more likely to have the same eating disorders than fraternal twins.
True
False
