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Acid-Base Imbalance

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the normal pH range of blood?

a)

6.8 to 7.2

b)

7.5 to 8.0

c)

7.35 to 7.45

d)

6.35 to 6.45

2.

What condition is indicated by a blood pH below 7.35

a)

Alkalosis

b)

Acidosis

c)

Hyperventilation

d)

Hypoventilation

3.

Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? SELECT ALL APPLY

a)

NGT suctioning

b)

Diuretics

c)

Excessive Vomiting

d)

DKA

e)

Renal failure

4.

Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Mechanical Ventilation

b)

Starvation

c)

Diarrhea

d)

Renal Function

e)

Opioid Overdose

5.

In an uncompensated acid-base disorder, what is observed?

a)

All values are normal

b)

Only pH is abnormal

c)

Only CO2 is abnormal

d)

pH and either HCO3 or CO2 are outside normal

6.

What test must be performed before collect an ABG sample?

a)

Allen Test

b)

Blood pressure check

c)

Temperature check

d)

Radial pulse check

7.

In a fully compensated acid-base disorder, what is true about the pH?

a)

It is above normal range

b)

It is below normal range

c)

It is within normal range

d)

It is extremely low

8.

Clinical Manifestation for Metabolic acidosis are:

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Warm flushed skin

b)

Kussmaul respirations (Rapid, deep, and labored)

c)

Hypokalemia

d)

Numbness and tingling in fingers

e)

Muscle weakness

9.

Which medication is the treatment of choice for severe acute metabolic acidosis?

a)

Sodium bicarbonate

b)

Potassium chloride

c)

Insulin

d)

Metformin

10.

Which is a characteristic of metabolic acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

pH less than 7.35

b)

pH greater than 7.45

c)

HCO3 less than 22

d)

PaCO2 greater than 45

11.

What is the most important nursing intervention for a confused patient with metabolic acidosis?

a)

Keep a calendar in the room

b)

Turn on the bed alarm

c)

Reorient frequently

d)

Place similar object nearby

12.

Which ECG changed indicate hyperkalemia (HIGH K+) in a patient with metabolic acidosis?

a)

Flattened T waves

b)

Inverted P waves only

c)

Peaked T waves and absent P waves with widened QRS

d)

Shortened QT interval

13.

What are the clinical manifestations for metabolic alkalosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Muscle Cramps

b)

Lethargy

c)

Hypoventilation

d)

Tingling of fingers and toes

e)

Hypokelmia

14.

Which acid / base imbalance do the following ABG's indicate?

pH - 7.49

pCO2 - 29

HCO3 - 23

paO2 - 78

a)

Respiratory Alkalosis

b)

Respiratory Acidosis

c)

Metabolic Acidosis

d)

Metabolic Alkalosis

15.

A patient with heart failure comes to the ER with complaints nausea and vomiting over the last 3-4 days. What acid / base imbalance do you suspect?

a)

respiratory alkalosis

b)

respiratory acidosis

c)

metabolic acidosis

d)

metabolic alkalosis

16.

Best interpretation of the following ABG's.

pH - 7.33

pCO2 - 32

pHCO3 - 18

PaO2 - 92

Sa O2 - 97%

a)

Fully compensated respiratory acidosis

b)

Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

c)

Fully compensated metabolic acidosis

d)

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

17.

The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis related to recent uncontrolled loose stools. Which of the following interventions will the nurse carry out first?

a)

Give the patient an antiemetic.

b)

Schedule the patient for dialysis.

c)

Check patients fluid balance and electrolytes.

d)

Investigate the patient's usual dietary plan.

18.

What are causes of respiratory acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Opioid overdose

b)

Chest trauma

c)

Mechanical Ventilation

d)

Loop diuretics

e)

COPD

19.

What breathing pattern is typically observed in respirtory acidosis?

a)

Deep and rapid breathing

b)

Deep and slow

c)

Shallow and rapid

d)

Normal

20.

Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly associated with acidosis?

a)

Hypokalemia

b)

Hyperkalemia

c)

Hyponatremia

d)

Hypernatremia

21.

What condition requires cautious oxygen administration is respiratory acidosis?

a)

Asthma

b)

COPD

c)

Chest trauma

d)

Pneumonia

22.

What is the primary characteristics of respiratory acidosis in terms of ventilation?

a)

Hyperventilation

b)

Normal ventilation

c)

Rapid ventilation

d)

Hypoventilation

23.

What is a key nursing intervention for a patient with respiratory acidosis?

a)

Maintaining a patient airway

b)

Restricting fluid intake

c)

Ecouraging bed rest

d)

Limiting oxygen therapy

24.

What is an early neurological manifestation of respiratory acidosis?

a)

Coma

b)

Seizures

c)

Memory loss

d)

Anxiety and confusion

25.

What happens to CO2 levels during acute respiratory acidosis?

a)

Retains it

b)

Thy decrease due to blowing off CO2

c)

Stay the same

d)

They fluctuate randomly

26.

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of chronic respiratory alkalosis?

a)

Increase bicarbonate levels

b)

Muscle cramps and lethargy

c)

Elevated CO2 levels

d)

Decreased anxiety

27.

What happens to CO2 levels during acute respiratory alkalosis?

a)

They increase

b)

They remain stable

c)

They decrease due to blowing off CO2

d)

They fluctuate randomly

28.

Which clinical manifestations is commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis?

a)

Decreased heart rate

b)

Increased Concentration

c)

Bradycardia

d)

Numbness and tingling

29.

What is a key diagnosis for a patient with respiratory alkalosis?

a)

Fluid overload

b)

Decreased cardiac output

c)

Ineffective breathing pattern

d)

Impaired skin integrity

30.

What is a key nursing intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory alkalosis?

a)

Increase environmental stimulation

b)

Administer oxygen therapy immediately

c)

Create a calm, quiet environment

d)

Encourage rapid breathing

31.

What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?

a)

Hyperventilation

b)

Hypoventilation

c)

Increased CO2 levels

d)

Decreased oxygen levels

32.

A patient with NG suctioning develops muscle twitching and leg cramps. ABG:

pH: 7.55, PaCO2: 44, HCO3: 38

Which electrolyte imbalance is expected?

a)

Hyperkalemia

b)

Hypokalemia

c)

Hypercalcemia

d)

Hypermagnesemia

33.

A patient with advanced COPD is increasingly confused, lethargic, and has shallow respirations.

What is the most urgent intervention?

a)

Offer an incentive spirometer

b)

Encourage slow deep breaths in a paper bag

c)

Place in High fowlers position

d)

Restrict fluid intake

34.

A patient with severe diarrhea is admitted. They are weak, dehydrated and confused.

Which lab finding would the nurse expect?

a)

Decreased serum sodium

b)

Decrease serum calcium

c)

Decrease serum potassium

d)

Elevated serum potassium

35.

What pharmacologic therapy should the nurse administer to a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.1 mEq/L?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

a)

Insulin and glucose

(IV)

b)

Furosemide (Lasix)

c)

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate

(PO)

d)

Regular Insulin