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WorksheetsAcid-Base Imbalance
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 20mins
What is the normal pH range of blood?
6.8 to 7.2
7.5 to 8.0
7.35 to 7.45
6.35 to 6.45
What condition is indicated by a blood pH below 7.35
Alkalosis
Acidosis
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? SELECT ALL APPLY
NGT suctioning
Diuretics
Excessive Vomiting
DKA
Renal failure
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Mechanical Ventilation
Starvation
Diarrhea
Renal Function
Opioid Overdose
In an uncompensated acid-base disorder, what is observed?
All values are normal
Only pH is abnormal
Only CO2 is abnormal
pH and either HCO3 or CO2 are outside normal
What test must be performed before collect an ABG sample?
Allen Test
Blood pressure check
Temperature check
Radial pulse check
In a fully compensated acid-base disorder, what is true about the pH?
It is above normal range
It is below normal range
It is within normal range
It is extremely low
Clinical Manifestation for Metabolic acidosis are:
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Warm flushed skin
Kussmaul respirations (Rapid, deep, and labored)
Hypokalemia
Numbness and tingling in fingers
Muscle weakness
Which medication is the treatment of choice for severe acute metabolic acidosis?
Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium chloride
Insulin
Metformin
Which is a characteristic of metabolic acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
pH less than 7.35
pH greater than 7.45
HCO3 less than 22
PaCO2 greater than 45
What is the most important nursing intervention for a confused patient with metabolic acidosis?
Keep a calendar in the room
Turn on the bed alarm
Reorient frequently
Place similar object nearby
Which ECG changed indicate hyperkalemia (HIGH K+) in a patient with metabolic acidosis?
Flattened T waves
Inverted P waves only
Peaked T waves and absent P waves with widened QRS
Shortened QT interval
What are the clinical manifestations for metabolic alkalosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Muscle Cramps
Lethargy
Hypoventilation
Tingling of fingers and toes
Hypokelmia
Which acid / base imbalance do the following ABG's indicate?
pH - 7.49
pCO2 - 29
HCO3 - 23
paO2 - 78
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
A patient with heart failure comes to the ER with complaints nausea and vomiting over the last 3-4 days. What acid / base imbalance do you suspect?
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
Best interpretation of the following ABG's.
pH - 7.33
pCO2 - 32
pHCO3 - 18
PaO2 - 92
Sa O2 - 97%
Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
The nurse is caring for a patient with metabolic acidosis related to recent uncontrolled loose stools. Which of the following interventions will the nurse carry out first?
Give the patient an antiemetic.
Schedule the patient for dialysis.
Check patients fluid balance and electrolytes.
Investigate the patient's usual dietary plan.
What are causes of respiratory acidosis? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Opioid overdose
Chest trauma
Mechanical Ventilation
Loop diuretics
COPD
What breathing pattern is typically observed in respirtory acidosis?
Deep and rapid breathing
Deep and slow
Shallow and rapid
Normal
Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly associated with acidosis?
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
What condition requires cautious oxygen administration is respiratory acidosis?
Asthma
COPD
Chest trauma
Pneumonia
What is the primary characteristics of respiratory acidosis in terms of ventilation?
Hyperventilation
Normal ventilation
Rapid ventilation
Hypoventilation
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient with respiratory acidosis?
Maintaining a patient airway
Restricting fluid intake
Ecouraging bed rest
Limiting oxygen therapy
What is an early neurological manifestation of respiratory acidosis?
Coma
Seizures
Memory loss
Anxiety and confusion
What happens to CO2 levels during acute respiratory acidosis?
Retains it
Thy decrease due to blowing off CO2
Stay the same
They fluctuate randomly
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of chronic respiratory alkalosis?
Increase bicarbonate levels
Muscle cramps and lethargy
Elevated CO2 levels
Decreased anxiety
What happens to CO2 levels during acute respiratory alkalosis?
They increase
They remain stable
They decrease due to blowing off CO2
They fluctuate randomly
Which clinical manifestations is commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Decreased heart rate
Increased Concentration
Bradycardia
Numbness and tingling
What is a key diagnosis for a patient with respiratory alkalosis?
Fluid overload
Decreased cardiac output
Ineffective breathing pattern
Impaired skin integrity
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory alkalosis?
Increase environmental stimulation
Administer oxygen therapy immediately
Create a calm, quiet environment
Encourage rapid breathing
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation
Hypoventilation
Increased CO2 levels
Decreased oxygen levels
A patient with NG suctioning develops muscle twitching and leg cramps. ABG:
pH: 7.55, PaCO2: 44, HCO3: 38
Which electrolyte imbalance is expected?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypermagnesemia
A patient with advanced COPD is increasingly confused, lethargic, and has shallow respirations.
What is the most urgent intervention?
Offer an incentive spirometer
Encourage slow deep breaths in a paper bag
Place in High fowlers position
Restrict fluid intake
A patient with severe diarrhea is admitted. They are weak, dehydrated and confused.
Which lab finding would the nurse expect?
Decreased serum sodium
Decrease serum calcium
Decrease serum potassium
Elevated serum potassium
What pharmacologic therapy should the nurse administer to a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.1 mEq/L?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Insulin and glucose
(IV)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Sodium Polystyrene Sulfate
(PO)
Regular Insulin
