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WorksheetsFluid and Electrolytes,Parent Nutri
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
A 15-year-old male presents with confusion, headache, and seizures. His serum sodium is 120 mmol/L. He has a history of heart failure. What is the most appropriate initial management?
Administer hypertonic saline immediately
Restrict fluid intake
Start loop diuretics
Administer potassium supplementation
A patient presents with intense thirst and a serum sodium of 150 mmol/L. They are diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What is the primary treatment goal?
Rapid fluid correction
Gradual correction with IV fluids
Administration of loop diuretics
Increase sodium intake
A patient on diuretic therapy presents with muscle weakness and a potassium level of 3.0 mmol/L. What is the best next step in management?
Order a CT scan of the abdomen
Stop diuretics and monitor
Start oral potassium supplementation
Administer calcium gluconate
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium level of 6.5 mmol/L. An ECG shows peaked T waves. What is the first treatment?
Sodium bicarbonate
Intravenous calcium gluconate
Loop diuretics
Start dialysis immediately
A diabetic 7 year-old Male presents with confusion and deep rapid breathing (Kussmaul respiration). His arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.1 and a bicarbonate level of 10 mmol/L. What is the likely diagnosis?
Respiratory acidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
An infant with severe diarrhea has sunken eyes and reduced skin turgor. Which type of dehydration is most likely?
Isotonic dehydration
Hypotonic dehydration
Hypertonic dehydration.
Overhydration
A 10-year-old child with severe dehydration is in shock. What is the initial therapy?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
Intravenous isotonic fluids (20 mL/kg bolus)
Intravenous potassium chloride
Diuretics to reduce fluid overload
A female teenager presents with dizziness, tingling in her fingers, and hyperventilation due to anxiety. What is the most appropriate immediate management?
Administer sodium bicarbonate
Intubation and mechanical ventilation
Instruct her to breathe into a paper bag
Give intravenous fluids
Which of the following conditions would most likely require total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
Mild diarrhea
Intestinal obstruction
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Hypertension
What percentage of total body weight is water in neonates?
40%
50%
60%
75–80%
In correcting hyponatremia, why is it important to avoid rapid correction?
To prevent hyperkalemia
To avoid cerebral edema
To prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome
To avoid metabolic alkalosis
Which type of fluid is best for volume expansion in hypovolemic shock?
Normal saline
Albumin
Dextrose 5%
Hydroxyethyl starch
What is a characteristic ECG finding in hyperkalemia?
Peaked T waves
Flattened T waves
Prolonged PR interval
Sinus tachycardia
Which of the following can cause hypotonic dehydration?
Excessive water loss
Excessive sodium loss
Diabetes insipidus
High salt intake
A patient with Severe asthma attack presents with confusion and tachycardia. His arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.2. What is the next best step?
Administer bronchodilators and oxygen
Sodium bicarbonate infusion.
Intubation and hyperventilation
Intravenous fluids
How should mild dehydration in a child be managed?
Oral rehydration therapy (50 mL/kg over 4 hours)
IV fluids with isotonic saline
ORS (100 mL/kg over 4 hours)
Encourage ad lib water intake
What is a primary complication of hypertonic dehydration?
Pulmonary edema
Cerebral hemorrhage
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
A 15 kg child came in with some dehydration, you plan to give full maintenance plus 10% for 24 hours to correct the dehydration, what is the total amount of fluid to be given in a day?
1375 ml
1000 ml
1500 ml
1100 ml
Which parameter should be regularly monitored in a patient on parenteral nutrition?
Serum calcium
Liver function tests
Thyroid function tests
Creatinine clearance
What is the sodium concentration in WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS)?
50 mmol/L
75 mmol/L
100 mmol/L
125 mmol/L
