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Glands & Hormones Review

Total questions: 71

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A hormone is a chemical messenger that is released by a _______.

a)

gland

b)

neuron

c)

muscle

d)

bone

2.

The role of a target cell/organ in hormone action is to:

a)

produce hormones

b)

store hormones

c)

respond to hormones

d)

transport hormones

3.

The response of a target cell/organ to a hormone is known as a _______.

a)

response

b)

reaction

c)

effect

d)

stimulus

4.

What does GHRH stand for?

a)

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

b)

Glucose Hormone Releasing Hormone

c)

Glycogen Hormone Releasing Hormone

d)

Glucagon Hormone Releasing Hormone

5.

TRH stimulates the pituitary to release ________.

a)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

b)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

c)

Growth Hormone

d)

Prolactin

6.

What does CRH stand for?

a)

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

b)

Cortisol-Releasing Hormone

c)

Corticotropin-Reducing Hormone

d)

Cortisol-Reducing Hormone

7.

CRH stimulates the pituitary to release ______.

a)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

b)

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

c)

Growth Hormone (GH)

d)

Prolactin

8.

What does GnRH stand for?

a)

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

b)

Growth-Releasing Hormone

c)

Gonadotropin-Reducing Hormone

d)

Growth-Reducing Hormone

9.

GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release ______.

a)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone

b)

Adrenaline

c)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

d)

Cortisol

10.

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

a)

CRH

b)

TRH

c)

GnRH

d)

PRF

11.

Match the following hypothalamic hormones with their corresponding anterior pituitary hormones:

a)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

1.

CRH

b)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

2.

TRH

c)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

3.

GnRH

d)

Prolactin (PRL)

4.

PRF

12.

What is the target gland for the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

a)

Thyroid gland

b)

Adrenal cortex

c)

Ovaries or testes

d)

Mammary glands

13.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the ovaries or testes?

a)

Prolactin (PRL)

b)

Growth hormone (GH)

c)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

d)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

14.

Identify the hormone that stimulates skeletal muscle and bone growth.

a)

Prolactin (PRL)

b)

Growth hormone (GH)

c)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

d)

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

15.

In women, what does Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulate?

a)

Sperm production in the testes

b)

Follicle development in the ovaries

c)

Testosterone production

d)

None of the above

16.

In men, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates ________ production in the testes.

a)

Sperm

b)

Testosterone

c)

Estrogen

d)

Progesterone

17.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in women stimulates production of ________ in ovaries during ovulation.

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Testosterone

d)

Cortisol

18.

What is the function of endorphins released by the anterior pituitary?

a)

Stimulate cell division and growth

b)

Mediate adrenaline and glucagon release

c)

Control lactation in the mammary glands

d)

Pain relief in the brain

19.

Which hormone promotes the body's growth and development by targeting the cells in the bones and skeletal muscle?

a)

Endorphins

b)

Growth Hormone

c)

Prolactin

d)

Adrenaline

20.

Prolactin is responsible for ________ in lactating women.

a)

milk production

b)

hair growth

c)

digestion

d)

bone strengthening

21.

What does the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulate?

a)

The adrenal cortex

b)

The thyroid gland

c)

The pituitary gland

d)

The pancreas

22.

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the production and release of Cortisol and other androgens from the _______.

a)

Adrenal Cortex

b)

Thyroid Gland

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pituitary Gland

23.

What is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?

a)

Reabsorption of water

b)

Secretion of enzymes

c)

Production of red blood cells

d)

Filtration of toxins

24.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) regulates blood pressure in the ______ by controlling the absorption of water.

a)

Arteries

b)

Veins

c)

Capillaries

d)

Heart

25.

What role does Oxytocin play during birth?

a)

Increases heart rate

b)

Contraction of Uterus

c)

Enhances digestion

d)

Stimulates hair growth

26.

Oxytocin activates milk ejection from the ______ in response to suckling by the infant.

a)

Mammary Glands

b)

Salivary Glands

c)

Sweat Glands

d)

Sebaceous Glands

27.

Which hormone affects the kidney tubules?

a)

Oxytocin

b)

ADH

c)

FSH

d)

GH

28.

Match the following hormones with their target organs or effects: TSH, ACTH, FSH and LH, Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), Endorphins.

a)

Thyroid

1.

TSH

b)

Adrenal cortex

2.

ACTH

c)

Testes or ovaries

3.

FSH and LH

d)

Entire body

4.

Growth hormone (GH)

e)

Mammary glands (in mammals)

5.

Prolactin (PRL)

29.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the adrenal cortex?

a)

TSH

b)

ACTH

c)

FSH

d)

PRL

30.

What is the function of endorphins released by the pituitary gland?

a)

Stimulate thyroid

b)

Affect pain receptors in the brain

c)

Stimulate growth

d)

Affect kidney tubules

31.

What hormone controls metabolism and regulates the development of the nervous system during early fetal development?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Thyroxine

c)

Insulin

d)

Adrenaline

32.

Which hormone is responsible for controlling blood calcium levels?

a)

Thyroxine

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Estrogen

d)

Testosterone

33.

Goiter is caused by too little iodine to make hormones, leading to the _______ of the thyroid.

a)

enlargement

b)

reduction

c)

shrinking

d)

hardening

34.

Hypo or hyperthyroidism can lead to a decrease or increase in _______.

a)

metabolism

b)

blood pressure

c)

heart rate

d)

body temperature

35.

What tissues are targeted by Calcitonin to lower calcium levels in the blood?

a)

A) Liver, Heart, Lungs

b)

B) Bone, Kidney, Intestine

c)

C) Skin, Muscle, Nerve

d)

D) Pancreas, Spleen, Stomach

36.

Which of the following is a symptom of Hypothyroidism?

a)

Increased sweating

b)

Weight gain

c)

Racing heart

d)

Muscle weakness

37.

Which of the following is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism?

a)

Cold intolerance

b)

Constipation

c)

Insomnia

d)

Brittle nails

38.

What does TSH stimulate in the thyroid gland?

a)

Thyroid hormone production

b)

Calcium regulation

c)

Insulin secretion

d)

Adrenaline release

39.

Which gland releases TRH?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Pituitary gland

c)

Thyroid gland

d)

Adrenal gland

40.

What is the role of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream?

a)

Regulate metabolism

b)

Control blood sugar levels

c)

Aid in digestion

d)

Enhance immune response

41.

Which of the following processes is inhibited by thyroid hormones?

a)

Release of TRH

b)

Stimulation of target cells

c)

Secretion of TSH

d)

Release into bloodstream

42.

What is the primary response associated with Epinephrine (Adrenaline)?

a)

Rest and digest

b)

Fight or flight

c)

Sleep and relax

d)

Eat and drink

43.

Epinephrine triggers the release of ______ from the liver.

a)

glucagon

b)

insulin

c)

cortisol

d)

adrenaline

44.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of Epinephrine?

a)

Increase HR

b)

Increase Respirations

c)

Increase BP

d)

Decrease glucose levels

45.

Corticosteroids (Cortisol) promote the breakdown of fat in ______ and proteins in ______ for fuel.

a)

Adipose, Muscle

b)

Muscle, Adipose

c)

Liver, Muscle

d)

Adipose, Liver

46.

What is the function of aldosterone in the body?

a)

Decrease ion absorption

b)

Increase ion absorption to maintain water in blood

c)

Increase potassium levels

d)

Decrease sodium levels

47.

Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of sodium in the _______.

a)

Kidneys

b)

Liver

c)

Heart

d)

Lungs

48.

What is Addison Disease characterized by?

a)

Hypersecretion of cortisol

b)

Lack of electrolyte control

c)

High aldosterone levels

d)

Increased sodium absorption

49.

Cushing Syndrome is associated with _______ of cortisol.

a)

hypersecretion

b)

hyposecretion

c)

normal secretion

d)

no secretion

50.

The Pineal Gland secrete which hormone?

a)
Adrenaline
b)
Cortisol
c)
Melatonin
d)
Serotonin
51.

What is the action of Estrogen in females?

a)
Estrogen decreases fertility in females.
b)
Estrogen is primarily responsible for muscle growth.
c)
Estrogen has no effect on the menstrual cycle.
d)
Estrogen regulates the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.
52.

In females, progesterone is responsible for __.

a)
enhancing bone density
b)

triggering changes in the uterus and stimulating the development of mammary glands

c)
increasing testosterone levels
d)
stimulating hair growth
53.

The release of testosterone is controlled by the__.

a)
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
b)
thyroid gland
c)
adrenal glands
d)
pancreas
54.

Testosterone, secreted during puberty, stimulates the development of secondary sex traits in males and __.

a)
muscle relaxation and growth
b)
increased body fat and hair loss
c)

development of the genital tract

d)
enhanced cognitive function and memory
55.

Name the hormones secreted by the pancreas:

a)

Glucagon

b)

Estrogen

c)

Insulin

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Prolactin

56.

Match the following

a)

regulates sleep cycles

1.

pineal

b)

growth hormone

2.

anterior pituitary

c)

oxytocin & antidiurectic

3.

Posterior pituitary

d)

fight or flight

4.

adrenal

e)

egg and sperm development

5.

gonad

57.

Match the following

a)

located above the pituitary

1.

hypothalamus

b)

regulates metabolism and weight gain/loss

2.

thyroid

c)

secretes PTH to raise Ca+

3.

parathyroid

d)

near sternum

4.

thymus

e)

diabetes results in malfunction

5.

pancreas

58.

The pancreas will release __ to increase the amount of glucose in the blood.

a)
insulin
b)
glucagon
c)
glycogen
d)
glucose
59.

If blood sugar is too high, the pancreas will release __.

a)
glucagon
b)
adrenaline
c)
insulin
d)
cortisol
60.

The Parathyroid gland releases __ hormone.

a)
calcitonin
b)
insulin
c)
adrenaline
d)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
61.

If blood calcium is too high, what hormone is released to lower it?

a)
Parathyroid hormone
b)
Insulin
c)
Adrenaline
d)
Calcitonin
62.

The thymus gland releases Thymosin, which stimulates __.

a)

the release of insulin

b)

the release of oxytocin

c)

the development of the immune system (T cells)

d)

the release of GH

63.

Erythropoietin is released by the __.

a)
pancreas
b)
spleen
c)
kidneys
d)
liver
64.

Erythropoietin stimulates the __.

a)
production of red blood cells
b)
production of plasma proteins
c)
production of platelets
d)
production of white blood cells
65.

Match the following:

a)

Regulates water and electrolyte balance

1.

Aldosterone

b)

Controls metabolic rate

2.

Thyroxine (T3/T4)

c)

Activates milk ejection in nursing women

3.

Oxytocin

d)

Controls reabsorption of water in kidneys

4.

Antidiuretic Hormone

e)

Stimulates milk production in pregnant women

5.

Prolactin

66.

The function of the pituitary gland is to:

a)

regulate growth and metabolism

b)

control voluntary movements

c)

process visual information

d)

filter waste from the blood

67.

The role of the thyroid gland is to:

a)

regulate metabolism

b)

control blood sugar levels

c)

produce insulin

d)

filter blood

68.

The function of the parathyroid gland is to:

a)

regulate calcium levels in the blood

b)

produce insulin

c)

control metabolism

d)

filter waste from the blood

69.

The role of adrenal glands in the body is to:

a)

produce insulin

b)

regulate metabolism

c)

secrete hormones like adrenaline

d)

filter blood

70.

The function of the pancreas in the endocrine system is to:

a)

produce insulin and glucagon

b)

filter blood

c)

store vitamins

d)

regulate body temperature

71.

The roles of the pineal, thymus, and other endocrine tissues and organs include:

a)

Regulating sleep-wake cycles, immune response, and hormone production

b)

Controlling digestion and nutrient absorption

c)

Managing muscle contraction and relaxation

d)

Overseeing sensory perception and reflex actions

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