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Test 1 - DS 4351 Review Ch 12, 13 (Doppler Physics)

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the images will result in the most significant decrease in temporal resolution

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

2.

Which of the following transducers creates a sector image shape?

a)

Linear sequential array

b)

Phased array

c)

Annular phased array

d)

B & C

3.

Dynamic receive focusing uses

a)

Mechanical means to focus the beam

b)

Time delays to excite array elements

c)

Variable number of elements to form the transmitted beam

d)

Optimal time delays depend upon the depth at which the reflection was created

4.

What is the main advantage of high line density

a)

More pulses per line

b)

Shorter T

c)

Improved spatial resolution

d)

Longer frame rate

5.

Which of the following is consistent with improved temporal resolution

a)

Color Doppler

b)

Higher Frame rate

c)

More gray shades

d)

More detail

6.

How does the number of pulses needed to create an image affect temporal resolution

a)

They are directly related

b)

They are indirectly related

c)

They are inversely related

d)

They are not related

7.

Reducing the sector angle of a phased array (with no other change), will result in:

a)

An increase in the frame rate

b)

A larger imaged field

c)

Worse temporal resolution

d)

Frame rate will note chage

8.

Which of the following actions would not lead to a decrease in the image frame rate of a phased array scanner?

a)

Increase the image depth setting

b)

Increase the number of transmit focal zones

c)

Increase the width of the image sector

d)

Increase the transmit power to the transducer

9.

Which of the following factors do not affect the number of pulses needed to create an image

a)

Line density

b)

Multi focus vs single focus

c)

Sector size

d)

None of the above

10.

Some sector scanners provide the capability to reduce the imaged field sector angle. The main advantage of this operation is

a)

It allows the use of higher frequencies

b)

A small sector angle offers a higher frame rate

c)

A smaller sector improves the dynamic range

d)

It enables increased acoustical power in the patient

11.

The transducer you are using is a Linear Phased  Array assembly. What is an advantage of this type of transducer?

a)

Not all elements are excited to create a single pulse

b)

Enables mechanical steering

c)

Produces very long pulses for improved axial resolution

d)

Enables electronic focusing and steering

12.

Which of the following will result in the best spatial resolution?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

D

13.

For a (modern) linear array transducer, what method of focusing is used to focus the beam?

a)

Transmit focusing

b)

Dynamic receive focusing

c)

Aperture focusing

d)

Electronically focusing

14.

What is the main advantage of high line density?

a)

Improve spatial resolution

b)

Lateral resolution is degraded

c)

Frame rate increases

d)

Rate of attenuation is increased

15.

Which of the following statements describes a  linear phased array transducer?

a)

Electronically focused in two dimensions and mechanically steered


b)

Electronically focused along the length of the array and electronically steered


c)

Electronically focused along the width of the array, mechanically focused along the length of the array, and unsteered


d)

Electronically focused along the width of the array, mechanically focused along the length of the array, and mechanically steered


16.

Which of the images has better temporal resolution

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

17.

What is the fundamental limitation of temporal resolution

a)

imaging depth

b)

speed of sound in the miedum

c)

line density

d)

sector size

18.

How is beam steering done by a  linear phased array transducer?


a)

A single, separate channel is used for each beam


b)

All elements are excited; time delays control the beam direction


c)

A motor inside the transducer housing oscillates the array


d)

Groups of elements are excited separately; the active group position determines the beam direction


19.

Which type of transducer will decrease the slice thickness of the beam?


a)

A linear array with multiple rows of elements


b)

Phased array with a small footprint


c)

Curved array with a steep curvature


d)

Phased linear array


20.

An advantage obtained when the sector field of a phased array B mode scanner is reduced is a higher


a)

Dynamic range


b)

Frame rate


c)

Output power


d)

Ultrasound frequency


21.

If three transmit focal zones are applied rather than one zone, the maximum frame rate will


a)

Decrease 


b)

Remain unchanged


c)

Double


d)

Triple

22.

If you wish to produce a sonogram in a rectangular format, which transducer should you choose?


a)

Annular array


b)

Linear array


c)

Phased array


d)

Convex array


23.

Electronic focusing in the transmit mode is accomplished using


a)

Curved crystal elements


b)

Changeable lens


c)

Time delays to excite crystal elements


d)

Time delays after receiving the signals so they will be in phase when summed


24.

What type of resolution is affected most by pulse duration?


a)

Lateral resolution


b)

Contrast resolution


c)

Temporal resolution


d)

Axial resolution


25.

Varying the excitation voltage to each crystal in the group, used to reduce side lobes artifacts is called:


a)

Apodization

b)

Dynamic aperture


c)

Subdicing

d)

Rectification


26.

Which statement is not true about Linear sequential array transducer?


a)

Rectangular footprint


b)

All crystals are fired simultaneously


c)

Sound beam are parallel to each other


d)

Beam is focusing using electronic phase delays


27.

The sound beam can be focused by all of the following except


a)

Dynamic aperture


b)

Acoustic lens


c)

Curved crystal


d)

Matching layer


28.

Which statement is not true regarding lateral resolution?


a)

It is equal to beam width

b)

It remains constant throughout scanning depth

c)

It is defined as the minimum separation required to resolve two structures perpendicular to the beam axis

d)

It is improved when beams line density is high

29.

How does imaging depth affect temporal resolution


a)

They are directly related


b)

They are indirectly related


c)

They are inversely related


d)

They are not related


30.

Which of the following describe the grating lobes?


a)

Apodization can reduce the grating lobes


b)

Created by array transducers


c)

Degrade lateral resolution and reduce image quality


d)

All of the above


31.

What type of focusing decreases the frame rate?

a)

Mechanical focusing

b)

Dynamic receive focusing

c)

Dynamic aperture focusing

d)

Multiple transmit focusing

32.

What is the main advantage of multiple focal zones


a)

Better lateral resolution


b)

One pulse per scan line


c)

Higher frame rate


d)

Better temporal resolution


33.

A linear sequential array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?


a)

1

b)

a small group

c)

a large group

d)

128

34.

Which of the following statements is correct :


a)

Spatial resolution improves with multi-focusing


b)

Spatial resolution degrades with high line density

c)

Lateral resolution degrades with dynamic aperture

d)

Spatial resolution improves with high frame rate

35.

The ultrasound system in your lab has a transducer with a small footprint. This kind of transducer has the following disadvantage?


a)

It is too large to use for intercostal scanning


b)

You cannot image an area larger than the footprint


c)

The near field lateral resolution is poor


d)

Focusing degrades at a depth of twice the transducer aperture


36.

 Apodization is a method employed to


a)

Beam steering


b)

External focusing


c)

Reduce side lobes


d)

Reduce beam width in the Z axis


37.

What should you do to obtain the best lateral resolution for a given transducer?


a)

Use the maximum acoustic power


b)

Use the lowest frequency in the bandwidth


c)

Use the maximum number of focal zones


d)

Use the minimum scanning depth


38.

A linear phased array transducer has 128 crystals. How many of these crystals are fired to create a single sound beam?


a)

1

b)

a small group

c)

a large group

d)

128

39.

You are reviewing an ultrasound image that has a sector display format with a pointed top. What kind of transducer was used to acquire this image?

a)

Linear array

b)

Phased array

c)

Curved array

d)

Annular phased linear array

40.

The term for a transducer that has an array of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line is


a)

Annular array


b)

Linear array


c)

Curved array


d)

Convex sequenced array