WorksheetsDS 3361 The Liver - Davies Qs
Total questions: 81
Worksheet time: 41mins
You are scanning a patient with a known mass in the left medial segment of the liver. What anatomic landmark can you use to identify the left medial segment separate from the right anterior segment of the liver?
Left PV
Ligamentum Teres
Ligamentum Venosum
Middle hepatic vein
Left hepatic vein
You suspect enlargement of the caudate lobe in a patient with liver disease. What structure located at the anterior border of the caudate lobe will help you identify this lobe of the liver?
Left PV
Fissure for the ligamentum venosum
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Fissure fore the ligamentum teres
Main lobar fissure
You are asked to rule out the presence of a recanalized paraumbilical. Which anatomic structure is a useful landmark in location of this structure?
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
Coronary ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Glisson's ligament
Which vessels courses within the main lobar fissure?
Main portal vein
Left portal vein
Middle hepatic vein
Proper hepatic artery
Right hepatic vein
Oxygenated blood is supplied to the liver via the:
Portal vein and hepatic vein
Hepatic vein and hepatic artery
Hepatic vein and portal vein
Portal vein and hepatic artery
Hepatic artery only
You are performing a sonogram on a slender female and notice a long, thin extension of the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. This most likely represents:
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe
Riedel's lobe
Accessory liver
Papillary projection of the caudate lobe
Which of the following forms the caudal border of the left portal vein?
Ligamentum venosum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Main lobar fissure
Coronary ligament
Ligamentum teres
What ligament divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral segments?
Ligamentum venosum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Main lobar fissure
Coronary ligament
Ligamentum teres
You are asked to perform a Doppler study on the hepatic veins in the liver. What differentiates the hepatic veins from the portal veins?
The hepatic veins converge toward the porta hepatis.
The hepatic veins have brightly echogenic walls.
The portal veins are largest near the dome of the liver
The portal veins are accompanied by branches of the biliary tree and hepatic artery.
The portal veins normally exhibit a triphasic flow pattern
You have detected a mass anterior and to the left of ligamentum venosum. This mass is located in what lobe of the liver?
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Riedel's lobe
Right lobe
Quadrate lobe
The thin capsule surrounding the liver is known as:
Riedel's capsule
Glisson's capsule
Teres capsule
Langerhans' capsule
Wirsung's capsule
Which of the following course interlobar and intersegmental within the liver?
Bile ducts
Portal veins
Hepatic arteries
Lymphatics
Hepatic veins
What lobe of the liver does the letter A represent ?
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Posterior right lobe
Anterior right lobe
Quadrate lobe
What structure does the letter B represent?
Ligamentum teres
Falciform ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Ligamentum venosum
Main lobar fissure
What lobe of the liver does the letter C represent?
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Posterior right lobe
Anterior right lobe
Quadrate lobe
Identify the structure labeled A in this image of the liver.
Ligamentum venosum
Ligamentum teres
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Coronary ligament
Glisson's capsule
Identify the anatomy labeled A
Main PV
Right posterior portal vein branch
Left PV
Right hepatic vein
Middle hepatic vein
Identify the anatomy labeled C
Main PV
Right post. portal vein
Left PV
Right hepatic vein
Middle hepatic vein
Vessel A is located in what lobe of the liver?
Caudate lobe
Medial segment left lobe
Lateral segment left lobe
Posterior segment right lobe
Anterior segment right lobe
The arrow labeled D is pointing to what lobe of the liver?
Medial segment left lobe
Lateral segment left lobe
Posterior segment right lobe
Anterior segment right lobe
Caudate lobe
You are performing an ultrasound exam of the liver on small patient with a 5 MHz curved linear array. Although you have increased the overall gain to its maximum setting, the posterior borders of the liver and diaphragm are not visualized. What should you do?
Call the service representative to repair your equipment
Decrease the transmit power on the ultrasound unit
Move the focal zone into the near field
Rescan the liver with a higher-frequency transducer
Rescan the liver with lower-frequency transducer
Which of the following correctly describes the probe placement and imaging plane you would use to demonstrate the three hepatic veins and inferior vena cava in one view?
Subcostal oblique approach with the probe angled superiorly and to the patient's right
Intercostal approach with the probe angled inferiorly and to the patient’s left
Intercostal approach with the probe oriented in a coronal plane
Subcostal oblique approach with the probe angles inferiorly and to the patients left
Sagittal Subcostal approach with the probe just to the right of midline
You are performing a follow-up sonogram on a patient in which a 5-mm cyst was previously identified at the anterior border of the left lobe of the liver. Although you are using a 3.5 MHz curved linear array probe, you do not see the cyst. Which of the following would be most helpful in improving visibility of this cyst?
Increase the overall gain
Increase the dynamic range
Increase the transmit power
Rescan the left lobe with a higher frequency transducer
Rescan the left lobe with a lower frequency linear array transducer
You are imaging a patient with a high liver. Subcostal images do not clearly demonstrate the liver tissue. What should you do?
Scan the patient in deep inspiration
Scan the patient in expiration
Place the patient in trendelenburg position and rescan
Have the patient drink 32oz of water and rescan
Scan with the patient in quiet respiration
A patient is referred for ultrasound evaluation of a questionable mass in the dome of the liver seen on a CAT scan. Which method below would improve visualization in this area of the liver?
Perform a subcostal scan with the probe angled superior and the patient in deep inspiration
Perform a Subcostal scan with patient performing a valsalva maneuver
Roll the patient into a right lateral decubitus position and scan from a Subcostal approach with the patient in expiration
The dome of the liver cannot be seen with ultrasound
A patient is referred for a liver ultrasound with the clinical history of a raised serum alpha-fetoprotein level. What should you look for?
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Fatty liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hydatid disease
Increased alpha-fetoprotein levels are not associated with liver disease
You are reviewing lab work prior to performing an abdominal ultrasound exam. Elevated lab values include gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase. Which statement below is true?
Elevation of both GGT and alkaline phosphatase suggests the source of elevated alkaline phosphatase is due to metastatic bone cancer.
Elevation of both GGT and alkaline phosphatase is a sensitive indicator of pancreatitis
If both GGT and alkaline phosphatase are elevated, the lab work is invalid and must be repeated
Concomitant elevation of both GGT and alkaline phosphatase indicates the source of the elevated alkaline phosphatase is the liver
Concomitant elevation of both of these lab values is highly specific for hepatocellular carcinoma
Which of the following lab tests is NOT used in elevation of liver function?
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Direct bilirubin
Indirect bilirubin
Lipase
A patient is referred with RUQ tenderness and a history of oral contraceptive use. A solid, hypoechoic mass is identified in the right lobe of the liver. Color doppler reveals hypervascularity of the mass. Which of the following scenarios is most likely?
Hydatid liver disease
Hepatic lipoma
Hepatic abscess
Hepatic adenoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
A liver ultrasound on a 49 YO obese male demonstrates diffuse increased echogenicity with a focal hypoechoic area anterior to the portal vein. This most likely represents:
Liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma
Hydatid disease
Fatty metamorphosis of the liver with focal sparing
Metastatic disease most likely due to a colon primary
Normal liver parenchyma with a simpler cyst
A 52 YO male with known liver cirrhosis present for an abdominal ultrasound. You will carefully evaluate the liver to rule out the presence of any focal mass because of which true statement below?
Patients w/ liver cirrhosis are at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Patients with liver cirrhosis tend to develop multiple cyst in their liver and pancreas
Metastatic disease occurs commonly with cirrhosis
The presence of regenerative nodules rule out cirrhosis
All of the above are correct
You're scanning a patient with suspected liver cirrhosis. All of the following are sonographic features of cirrhosis EXCEPT:
Surface nodularity
Shrunken caudate lobe
Altered echotexture
Ascites
Regenerative nodules
An ultrasound evaluation of liver cirrhosis should include a search for which associated complication
Biliary dilatation
Mesenteric ischemia
Splenic infarction
Kaposi's sarcoma
Portal hypertension
Ultrasound findings of an abdominal study on a 51-year-old female include enlargement of the hepatic veins and IVC in an otherwise normal appearing liver. These findings are more consistent with which of the following?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Right-sided heart failure
Liver cirrhosis
Portal hypertension
Sarcoidosis
Focal fatty liver is most commonly found in which location?
Medial to the ascending branch of the Left Portal Vein
Posterior to the Right Hepatic Vein
Lateral, inferior tip of the right lobe
Adjacent to the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
Anterior to the portal vein at the porta hepatis
You have performed an ultrasound study on a patient with an enlarged caudate lobe, shrunken right lobe, and splenomegaly. The hepatic veins could not be identified. No other abnormalities were discovered. What should you do?
Scan the pelvis to rule out pelvic mass
Have the patient perform a Valsalva maneuver and reexamine the hepatic veins.
Evaluate the hepatic veins & IVC with color Doppler to confirm patency
Have the patient return in a week for a repeat study to evaluate the hepatic veins
Nothing; you have completed the exam.
A patient is referred to rule out hepatomegaly. All of the following are useful indicators of hepatomegaly EXCEPT:
Rounding of the inferior border of the liver
Longitudinal measurement of the right lobe exceeding 15.5 cm
Extension of the right lobe inferior to the lower pole of the right kidney
Increased diameter of the main portal vein greater than 1 cm
Increased anteroposterior measurement of the right lobe
You have identified a single homogeneous hyperechoic lesion measuring 2.4 cm in the posterior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. What is the most common etiology of a mass fitting this description?
Cyst
Hepatic adenoma
Cavernous hemangioma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Focal fatty sparing
A patient is referred for a sonogram of the liver to rule out metastatic disease. Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of liver metastasis?
Single hypoechoic mass
Multiple hyperechoic masses
Masses of mixed echogenicity
Cystic masses
All of the above appearances of liver metastasis may be encountered
Which of the following is NOT a feature of hepatic cysts?
Thin wall
Posterior acoustic enhancement
Anechoic
Increased attenuation
Increased through transmission
A single large, well-defined mass with smooth walls and homogenous low-level echoes is seen within the anterior right lobe of the liver in a 48 YOF. No Doppler signals could be obtained within the mass. Which of the following conditions is most likely etiology of this mass?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Hemorrhagic cyst
Portal vein aneurysm
Hepatocellular carcinoma
You are scanning a patient with a history of fever, abnormal liver function tests, and RUQ tenderness. The liver is enlarged with decreased echogenicity, the gallbladder wall is thickened, and thick echogenic bands are noted surrounding the portal veins. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
Fatty liver
Cirrhosis
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Hepatitis
Normal liver
You are evaluating a suspicious lesion to look for gas bubbles to confirm the presence of liver abscess in a patient with fever and increased white blood cell count. What is the sonographic appearance of the gas bubbles?
Brightly echogenic echoes with clean distal acoustic shadow
Brightly echogenic foci associate with echogenic ringdown artifact
Hypoechoic areas within the mass associated with increased through transmission
Anechoic foci with distal acoustic enhancement
Hyperechoic foci with distal acoustic enhancement
Which of the following is associated with infestation by a parasite and is more prevalent in sheep- and cattle raising countries?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Hydatid disease
Candidiasis
Hepatitis A
Kaposi's sarcoma
You are scanning the liver and notice irregularity of the surface. A nodular liver surface is associated with which of the following abnormalities?
Cirrhosis
Acute hepatitis
Fatty liver
Polycystic liver disease
Hepatomegaly
Which of the following is NOT true regarding fatty liver?
It is an irreversible disorder
It may be caused by obesity
It may be diffuse or local
It may show a rapid change in appearance
It commonly causes increased attenuation of the sound beam through liver
You are scanning through the liver and notice luminal narrowing of the hepatic veins. Color & spectral doppler reveal high velocities through structures. These findings are most commonly associate with which of the following?
Diffuse fatty liver
Acute hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Focal fatty infiltration
Glycogen storage disease
The most common benign tumor in the liver is:
focal nodular hyperplasia
Hepatic adenoma
Hepatic lipoma
Cavernous hemangioma
Hepatoma
Which of the following is most commonly associated with invasion of the portal vein?
hepatocellular carcinoma
cavernous hemangioma
liver metastases
focal nodular hyperplasia
You have been asked to perform a liver sonogram on a patient with AIDS. What tumor is most commonly associated with this history?
hepatocellular carcinoma
kaposi's sarcoma
budd-chiari syndrome
hemangiosarcoma
hepatic adenoma
You are scanning a 53-year old female with a history of recent weight loss and vague abdominal pain. The liver is markedly heterogenous and contains numerous calcified lesions. This most likely represents metastatic disease from which primary?
Non-hodgkin lymphoma
Cystadenocarinoma of the ovary
Lung
Adenocarcinoma of the colon
Breast
During ultrasound evaluation of the liver, a bull's eye or target lesion is identified in the anterior right lobe. The most likely etiology of this mass is
liver abscess
hepatic adenoma
focal nodular hyperplasia
hepatocellular carcinoma
liver metastasis from lung cancer
You are performing an ultrasound exam on a young female and notice a well-defined solitary mass with a central scar measuring 4 cm in diameter. Color doppler reveals prominent blood vessels coursing within the scar. This most likely represents:
liver abscess
hepatic adenoma
focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)
hepatocellular carcinoma
liver metastasis from lung cancer
You are performing a liver sonogram on a young female with right upper quadrant pain, sudden onset ascites, and hepatomegaly. You have obtained transverse and sagittal images of the liver, common bile duct, and gallbladder according to your protocol. What else should you do?
Nothing, the study is complete
Expand the study to include the kidneys to rule out associated hydronephrosis
Use color and spectral doppler to determine patency of the portal and hepatic venous systems
Give the patient a fatty meal and then measure the portal vein diameter at 1, 2, 5 and 10 minutes
Call the referring physician to get an order to perform a pelvic study to see if the patients pain is referred from an ovarian mass
Which of the following is NOT true regarding cavernous hemangiomas?
Small, well-defined, hyperechoic masses
Consist of vascular network
More common in women than men
Usually asymptomatic
E. Show prominent, high velocity color doppler signals
A patient is referred for ultrasound with a history of liver transplantation. You identify an extrahepatic fluid collection. What is the likely etiology of this finding?
Biloma
Hematoma
Loculated ascites
Abscess
Any of the above may be seen following liver transplantation
What significant complication following liver transplantation is NOT detectable with ultrasound?
rejection
malignant disease
hepatic artery thrombosis
portal vein thrombosis
pseudoanerusym
You are scanning a patient with a history of liver transplantation. You should search for all of the following complications of the surgery EXCEPT?
Biliary sludge
Acute Cholecystitis
Portal vein stenosis
Hepatic vein thrombosis
Liver malignancy
You have been asked to provide ultrasound imaging during liver surgery. What transducer would be best suited for this purpose?
3.5 MHz curved linear array
10 MHz linear array
2.25 MHz phased array
7 MHz linear array
12 MHz curved linear array
You are scanning through the right lobe of the liver and notice that although you have maximized the far field TGC, the parenchyma in the far field and diaphragm are not clearly visualized. What should you do?
decrease the transmit power
increase the compression curve
decrease the transmit frequency
decrease the overall gain
increase the dynamic range
Hepatofugal flow in the portal vein is a sign of:
normalcy
hepatic artery thrombosis
portal hypertension
acute cholecystitis
hepatocellular carcinoma
A patient is referred for abdominal ultrasound with a high fever and right upper quadrant pain. You document the presence of a large rounded, homogenous mass with low level internal echoes and poorly defined borders. The mass is located in the right lobe of the liver, adjacent to the capsule and shows increased through transmission. This most likely represents
Hemorrhagic cyst
Abscess
Hematoma
Choledochal cyst
Loculated ascites
The most common form of malignant disease of the liver is?
hepatocellular carcinoma
angiosarcoma
cholangiocarcinoma
metastatic disease
primary lymphoma
You are scanning a patient with known liver cirrhosis and notice a focal mass within the posterior right lobe. What laboratory test would be most helpful in determining if the mass is hepatocellular carcinoma?
Serum alpha-fetoprotein
Alkaline phosphatase
Serum bilirubin
Serum creatinine
Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)
You have been asked to perform an ultrasound to rule out the presence of budd-chiari syndrome. You will tailor your exam to include which of the following?
Volume measurement of the spleen
Doppler analysis of the hepatic venous system
Both supine and upright views of the porta hepatis
Oblique view of the right lobe of the liver to include the right hemidiaphragm
Careful search for periarotic lymphadenopathy
You are performing an ultrasound on a patient with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). What two vessels are connected with the TIPS stent?
portal vein and hepatic artery
hepatic artery and hepatic vein
hepatic vein and IVC
portal vein and hepatic vein
portal vein and IVC
The majority of blood supply to the liver is provided from the:
hepatic veins
PV
hepatic artery
superior mesenteric vein
gastroduodenal artery
Following liver transplantation, which of the following anatomic locations has a anastomotic connection that should be evaluated with ultrasound?
IVC
portal vein
hepatic artery
bile duct
all of the above
You are scanning a patient with liver cirrhosis and suspected portal hypertension. In this study, assessment of the size of which of the following is most important?
Spleen
CBD
AO
RT HV
IVC
A recannalized paraumbilical vein may be seen as a result of which of the following?
hepatic adenoma
portal hypertension
hepatitis
hepatic trauma
liver biopsy
Which of the following describes the best sonographic window to view a recannalized paraumbilical vein?
intercostal oblique view through the right lobe
subcostal oblique view through the right lobe
sagittal subcostal view through the left lobe at the level of the ligamentum teres
sagittal subcostal view through the right lobe at the level of the main lobar fissure
sagittal subcostal view to the left of the midline
what three structures form the portal triad?
PV, bile duct, hepatic artery
PV, bile duct, hepatic vein
Bile duct, hepatic vein, hepatic artery
hepatic vein, hepatic artery and lymph node
hepatic vein, hepatic artery and portal vein
The ligamentum venosum form the anterior border of what lobe of the liver?
left lobe
riedel's
right lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
You are scanning a patient with portal hypertension. Enlargement of which of the following structures is diagnostic of this condition?
coronary vein
hepatic vein
renal vein
CBD
ligamentum teres
Which measurement below is the diagnostic cutoff for portal vein enlargement?
13 mm
5 mm
10 cm
1.8 cm
9 mm
Regenerating nodules are a feature associated with:
hepatitis
hepatocellular carcinoma
hydatid disease
cirrhosis
polycystic liver disease
You are performing an ultrasound exam in a patient with history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. You have documented the presence of splenomegaly and dilated veins at the splenic hilum. Considering the patient's history and findings, what else should you look for?
search for signs of acute cholecystitis
carefully scan the spleen for presence of infarcts
Search for the presence of portosystemic collaterals
search for the presence of portosystemic collaterals
check the pelvis for a left side mass
Which of the following describes the best view for ultrasound demonstration of the coronary vein?
A transverse scan under the right lobe of the liver
An oblique subcostal scan under the right lobe of the liver with the probe oriented toward the patient’s head
A sagittal view of e splenic vein near the midline
A sagittal view through the splenic hilum
A transverse view along the long axis of the left renal vein
You are performing a follow-up study on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation. Where should you look to evaluate this condition?
splenic hilum
pancreatic head
porta hepatis
renal hilum
left lobe of the liver
You are scanning the patient with an enlarged caudate lobe and shrunken right lobe. What diffuse liver process should you suspect?
Cirrhosis
Acute hepatitis
Fatty infiltration
Candidiasis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
You are scanning an obese patient to rule out fatty liver. Which of the following describes a common sonographic appearance of this condition?
increased through transmission throughout the hypoechoic liver
increased echogenicity of the liver compared to normal
focal hypoechoic masses throughout both lobes of the liver surrounded by normal liver echotexture
shrunken liver with surface nodularity
enlarged, hypoechoic right lobe compared to a small and shrunken left lobe
