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Ocean Chemistry and Structure

Total questions: 25

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is typical salinity of open ocean waters?

a)

15 ppm

b)

25 ppm

c)

35 ppm

d)

45 ppm

2.
An abrupt change in water chemistry (the salinity) that causes a visible division in the water column is called a __________?
a)
Thermocline
b)
Pycnocline
c)
Halocline
d)
Salinocline
3.
What word describes when water is attracted to other substances?
a)
cohesion
b)
adhesion
c)
capillary action
d)
surface tension
4.
Why does ice float?
a)
As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.
b)
As water freezes, it takes up more hydrogen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
c)
As water freezes, air becomes trapped between the hydrogen bonds of water molecules.
d)
As water freezes, it takes up more oxygen from the atmosphere, causing it to have a greater buoyancy.
5.
Water molecules require a lot of energy to separate one from the others.  This gives water a high
a)
density
b)
polarity
c)
solvency
d)
specific heat
6.
The most abundant salt in the ocean is called
a)
salinity
b)
sodium chlorine
c)
sodium chloride
d)
chlorine
7.
The part of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line to the edge of the continental shelf is the 
a)
Nertic Zone
b)
Open Ocean Zone
c)
Intertidal Zone
d)
Deep Zone
8.

The two primary sources for salt being added to the ocean.

a)

Chemical Weathering and volcanic eruptions

b)

Earthquakes and landslides

c)

Fish overpopulation and precipitation

d)

Melting sea ice and condensation

9.
Carbon dioxide and seawater combine to form
a)
calcium carbonate
b)
carbon monoxide
c)
carbonic acid 
10.

Coral reefs are endangered by

a)

climate change

b)

overfishing

c)

pollution

d)

all of the above

11.
Sound travels faster through __________ substances
a)
warmer
b)
colder 
c)
less dense
d)
denser
12.

How much of the world's oxygen is produced by algae?

a)

50 - 60 %

b)

70 - 80 %

c)

60 - 70 %

d)

90 - 100 %

13.
Carbon dioxide and seawater combine to form
a)
calcium carbonate
b)
carbon monoxide
c)
carbonic acid 
14.
An example of a marine organism that needs calcium carbonate 
a)
a crab
b)
a shark
c)
an octopus
15.
Very slight increases in the acidity of seawater __________  marine organisms that make shells.
a)
doesn't bother
b)
has no effect on 
c)
is unhealthy and stresses
16.
People depend on ocean organisms for __________________.
a)
minerals
b)
fuels
c)
food and water
d)
All of these choices
17.

What do some marine creatures do with the carbonate ion?

a)

use it as a food source

b)

use it as a defense mechanism

c)

use it to build shells and exoskeletons

d)

use it to cool body temperatures

18.

In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton and other photosynthetic organisms appear in the upper layers of the water,but not deeper layers. Which statement explains this distribution?

a)

The deeper layers are too cold for photosynthesis to occur.

b)

The deeper layers have too little oxygen for photosynthetic organisms to survive.

c)

The deeper layers have too much carbon dioxide for photosynthetic organisms to survive.

d)

The deeper layers do not receive sunlight which is necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

19.

How is density affected by temperature and salinity?

a)

as temperature decreases, salinity will increase

b)

as temperature increases, salinity will increase

c)

as temperature decreases, salinity will decrease

d)

as temperature increases, salinity will decrease

20.
The salinity of ocean water is about 
a)
35 parts per thousand
b)
3.5 parts per thousand
c)
0.35 percent
d)
35 percent
21.
All the following affect the speed of sound underwater except 
a)
salinity
b)
pressure
c)
light
d)
temperature
22.
The transmission of sound by water can best be described by which of the following statement:
a)
It is more efficient than transmission by air
b)
Sound does not travel in water - a property known as incompressibility
c)
It is the same as by air.
d)
It is inefficient as compared with transmission by air.
23.
The ocean is slow to heat and slow to cool. This is related to a property of water known as
a)
boiling point.
b)
residence time.
c)
density.
d)
heat capacity.
24.
The ocean's deep sound channel (sofar layer) is characterized as a zone in which
a)
sound is horizontally concentrated rather than diffused as it moves through the water
b)
acoustical energy losses are relatively large.
c)
sound velocity is at a maximum.
d)
light waves travel great horizontal distances.
25.
What is salinity?
a)
The amount of salt in water
b)
Salt water and fresh water mixed 
c)
What creates the waves in the ocean
d)
Amount of sunlight in ocean water