WorksheetsRock Texture and Composition
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
The diagram show layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the youngest fossils?
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4
When limestone is exposed to enough heat and pressure, it goes through physical changes. These changes can turn limestone into a different kind of rock called marble. Marble can be described as
an igneous rock
a synthetic rock
a sedimentary rock
a metamorphic rock
Which of the following set of characteristics best describes sedimentary rocks?
crystal structure, definite chemical composition, inorganic, naturally occurring, solid
glassy, lava flow, vesicular
layers, fossils, rock pieces
foliation, index minerals
When tremendous heat and pressure is applied to sandstone deep within the Earth's crust, quartzite forms. It is a _____ rock
chemical sedimentary
extrusive igneous
nonfoliated igneous
nonfoliated metamorphic
Rock gypsum and rock salt are chemical sedimentary rocks. Where would these rocks form?
Near volcanoes
In an area covered by ice
By fresh water lakes
Near an ocean where evaporation takes place
Broken pieces of rock often transported by wind or water are known as,
weathering
sediments
magma
fossils
The word used to describe an object that does not come from living things is
organic
inorganic
fossils
magma
When melted rock is on the surface of the Earth it is known as,
sediments
lava
fossils
magma
Rocks that cool quickly will have little or no,
fossils
crystals
sediments
weathering
Coal and limestone are both ___________ sedimentary rocks because they came from the remains of living things.
organic
inorganic
fossils
magma
___________ rocks form from particles of other rocks cemented together.
clastic
chemical
organic
___________ sedimentary rocks form when dissolved minerals precipitate or evaporate from the water and harden into a rock.
clastic
chemical
organic
The group of rocks that will most likely contain fossils are the _______________ rocks.
sedimetary
igneous
metamorphic
____________ rocks are formed through the process of heat and pressure changing the rock into a new rock.
sedimentary
igneous
metamorphic
The picture shows a model of the rock cycle. During which part of the rock cycle does water break rocks apart?
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by
cementation
chemical weathering
sedimentation
increased pressure
Which statement about the formation of rocks is true?
Heat and pressure can change igneous rock to sedimentary rock.
Weathering and erosion can change sedimentary rock into sediment.
Heat and pressure can cause metamorphic rock to weather and erode.
Weathering and erosion prevent magma from changing into igneous rock.
The table shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Granite is one kind of intrusive igneous rock. Which rock described in the table is most likely granite?
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2
3
4
A rock’s glassy texture indicates that it formed from melted rock that cooled
slowly, deep below Earth’s surface
slowly on Earth’s surface
quickly, deep below Earth’s surface
quickly on Earth’s surface
The rounded pebbles of this rock have been cemented together to form
granite, an igneous rock
conglomerate, a sedimentary rock
sandstone, a sedimentary rock
gneiss, a metamorphic rock
Which feature is characteristic of sedimentary rocks?
layering of sediments
large crystals
glassy texture
gas pockets
The diagram shows some of the layers of rocks found in the Grand Canyon. Scientists find these layers of rock useful for studying fossils. What type of rock is shown labeled in these layers?
extrusive
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
Which type of rock is likely to show ripple marks and fossils?
intrusive igneous
extrusive igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
Which two processes formed the rock in the diagram?
melting and cooling
heat and pressure
compacting and cementing
weathering and melting
Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
Most rocks are made of a single mineral.
Most rocks have more than one mineral.
All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation.
All rocks contain fossils.
Which sequence of events occurs in the formation of a sedimentary rock?
A
B
C
D
Large deposits of rock gypsum and rock salt usually form in areas
where there are volcanoes
that are warm seas with evaporation
covered by ice
of fresh water lakes
The diagram represents the fossils found in a rock formation found in central Rhode Island. In which type of rock were the fossils most likely found?
sedimentary rock that formed in an ocean environment
sedimentary rock that formed in a land environment
igneous rock that formed in an ocean environment
igneous rock that formed in a land environment
Which granite sample most likely formed from magma that cooled and hardened at the slowest rate?
A
B
C
D
Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss probably formed from
cementing together of individual minerals grains
cooling and crystallizing of magma
evaporation of an ancient ocean
heat and pressure during metamorphism
If rocks come into close contact with magma underground, but not actually in the magma, they would form a(n)
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
organic rock
A student observed a rock made up of many small particles of sand arranged in light-colored layers and dark-colored layers. Which of the following statements describes how this type of rock most likely formed?
Clay was crushed and frozen under a glacier
Lava from a volcano cooled quickly in water.
River sediments were slowly compacted and cemented together
Mineral deposits hardened into solid rock in underground caves
The diagram shows a cross section of a portion of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. Letters A, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils. Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?
A
B
C
D
Larger crystal size in one of two igneous rocks of similar composition usually indicates that the rock with the larger crystals cooled for
a shorter period of time than the other
a longer period of time than the other
the same amount of time as the other
Metamorphic rocks formed by contact metamorphism will most likely be found
in mountains
underground by magma
at the beach
by a volcano
The table shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Sandstone is one kind of sedimentary rock formed from compaction and cementation. Which rock described in the table is most likely sandstone?
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2
3
4
