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Rock Texture and Composition

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The diagram show layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the youngest fossils?

a)

Layer 1

b)

Layer 2

c)

Layer 3

d)

Layer 4

2.
Volcanic activity on Earth’s surface most likely results in the formation of which of the following types of rock?
a)
Mineral composition
b)
Extrusive igneous rock
c)
Clastic sedimentary rock
d)
Chemical sedimentary rock
3.
Ricardo has an igneous rock in his rock collection. Where did this rock most likely form?
a)
in a volcano
b)
on a forest floor
c)
 on a coral reef
d)
at the bottom of a river
4.
Metamorphic rock forms when
a)
magma cools and hardens.
b)
minerals crystallize out of sea water.
c)
heat and pressure change the composition and texture of a rock.
d)
natural cement binds rock fragments together.
5.
In order to create a metamorphic rock, what must be present?
a)
magma
b)
 lava
c)
existing rock
d)
sediment
6.
Most rocks are composed of
a)
minerals and organic matter
b)
cement and rock fragments
c)
sand and mud
d)
 man-made solids with crystals
7.

When limestone is exposed to enough heat and pressure, it goes through physical changes. These changes can turn limestone into a different kind of rock called marble. Marble can be described as

a)

an igneous rock

b)

a synthetic rock

c)

a sedimentary rock

d)

a metamorphic rock

8.

Which of the following set of characteristics best describes sedimentary rocks?

a)

crystal structure, definite chemical composition, inorganic, naturally occurring, solid

b)

glassy, lava flow, vesicular

c)

layers, fossils, rock pieces

d)

foliation, index minerals

9.
What must happen to sediment in order for it to become a rock?
a)
weathering, erosion, and deposition
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting, cooling, and solidifying
d)
 heat and pressure
10.
What kind of sedimentary rock is made of pieces of other rocks cemented together?
a)
organic
b)
stratified
c)
chemical
d)
 clastic
11.
What kind of sedimentary rock is made from evaporation and precipitation?
a)
organic
b)
chemical
c)
stratified
d)
clastic
12.
What kind of sedimentary rock is made from fossils?
a)
organic
b)
stratified
c)
 chemical
d)
clastic
13.
The type of rocks that forms when lava or magma cools and minerals crystallize are
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
d)
corrosive
14.
Which two processes result in the formation of igneous rock?
a)
Burial and cementing
b)
Weathering, erosion, and deposition
c)
Recrystallization and cementation
d)
Melting and solidification
15.
Igneous rocks that have large grains or crystals,
a)
cool quickly
b)
cool slowly underground
c)
contain rare minerals
d)
have a rough mixture
16.
A sample of basalt has smaller crystals than a sample of granite. What is the most likely reason for this? The basalt
a)
forms when magma cools slowly
b)
forms when magma cools quickly
c)
contains lighter elements than granite
d)
contains heavier elements than granite
17.
Obsidian and pumice are extrusive igneous rocks and that lack crystals. Why is it that these rocks do not have crystals?
a)
There are no minerals in magma.
b)
The lava cooled slowly, deep inside the Earth.
c)
The lava cooled too quickly above the Earth to allow for the formation of crystals.
d)
The pressure was too great to make any crystals.
18.
Where would you most likely find a metamorphic rock?
a)
deep in the Earth
b)
on the ocean floor
c)
next to a river
d)
in a volcano
19.

When tremendous heat and pressure is applied to sandstone deep within the Earth's crust, quartzite forms. It is a _____ rock

a)

chemical sedimentary

b)

extrusive igneous

c)

nonfoliated igneous

d)

nonfoliated metamorphic

20.
What process, other than heat, causes metamorphism?
a)
foliated
b)
pressure
c)
 deformation
d)
 nonfoliated
21.
This rock is sedimentary. Which observation about the rock best supports this classification?
a)
The rock is composed of several minerals.
b)
The rock has large grains.
c)
The rock contains fragments of other rocks.
d)
The rock shows distorted and stretched pebbles.
22.
A rock that contains fossil seashells was most likely formed as a result of?
a)
Volcanic activity
b)
Sedimentation
c)
Heat and pressure
d)
Magma and cooling
23.
When broken pieces of rock are transported by wind or water.
a)
Erosion
b)
Deposition
c)
Sedimentation
d)
Weathering
24.
Rocks are broken apart to form sediments during this part of the rock cycle.
a)
Weathering and erosion
b)
Melting
c)
Cementation
d)
Metamorphism
25.
A rock with glassy texture most likely formed,
a)
slowly, under the surface of the Earth
b)
quickly, under the surface of the Earth
c)
slowly, on the surface of the Earth
d)
quickly, on the surface of the Earth
26.
Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
a)
Most rocks are made of a single mineral
b)
Most rocks have more than one mineral
c)
All rocks form from compression and cementation
d)
All rocks contain fossils
27.

Rock gypsum and rock salt are chemical sedimentary rocks. Where would these rocks form?

a)

Near volcanoes

b)

In an area covered by ice

c)

By fresh water lakes

d)

Near an ocean where evaporation takes place

28.
Sedimentary rock is formed when grains of sediment undergo
a)
metamorphism
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting
d)
solidification
29.
Where does contact metamorphism occur?
a)
In mountains
b)
At the beach
c)
Underground near magma
d)
By a volcano
30.

Broken pieces of rock often transported by wind or water are known as,

a)

weathering

b)

sediments

c)

magma

d)

fossils

31.

The word used to describe an object that does not come from living things is

a)

organic

b)

inorganic

c)

fossils

d)

magma

32.

When melted rock is on the surface of the Earth it is known as,

a)

sediments

b)

lava

c)

fossils

d)

magma

33.

Rocks that cool quickly will have little or no,

a)

fossils

b)

crystals

c)

sediments

d)

weathering

34.

Coal and limestone are both ___________ sedimentary rocks because they came from the remains of living things.

a)

organic

b)

inorganic

c)

fossils

d)

magma

35.

___________ rocks form from particles of other rocks cemented together.

a)

clastic

b)

chemical

c)

organic

36.

___________ sedimentary rocks form when dissolved minerals precipitate or evaporate from the water and harden into a rock.

a)

clastic

b)

chemical

c)

organic

37.

The group of rocks that will most likely contain fossils are the _______________ rocks.

a)

sedimetary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

38.

____________ rocks are formed through the process of heat and pressure changing the rock into a new rock.

a)

sedimentary

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

39.

The picture shows a model of the rock cycle. During which part of the rock cycle does water break rocks apart?

a)

Part 1

b)

Part 2

c)

Part 3

d)

Part 4

40.

Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by

a)

cementation

b)

chemical weathering

c)

sedimentation

d)

increased pressure

41.

Which statement about the formation of rocks is true?

a)

Heat and pressure can change igneous rock to sedimentary rock.

b)

Weathering and erosion can change sedimentary rock into sediment.

c)

Heat and pressure can cause metamorphic rock to weather and erode.

d)

Weathering and erosion prevent magma from changing into igneous rock.

42.

The table shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Granite is one kind of intrusive igneous rock. Which rock described in the table is most likely granite?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

43.

A rock’s glassy texture indicates that it formed from melted rock that cooled

a)

slowly, deep below Earth’s surface

b)

slowly on Earth’s surface

c)

quickly, deep below Earth’s surface

d)

quickly on Earth’s surface

44.

The rounded pebbles of this rock have been cemented together to form

a)

granite, an igneous rock

b)

conglomerate, a sedimentary rock

c)

sandstone, a sedimentary rock

d)

gneiss, a metamorphic rock

45.

Which feature is characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

a)

layering of sediments

b)

large crystals

c)

glassy texture

d)

gas pockets

46.

The diagram shows some of the layers of rocks found in the Grand Canyon. Scientists find these layers of rock useful for studying fossils. What type of rock is shown labeled in these layers?

a)

extrusive

b)

igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

47.

Which type of rock is likely to show ripple marks and fossils?

a)

intrusive igneous

b)

extrusive igneous

c)

metamorphic

d)

sedimentary

48.

Which two processes formed the rock in the diagram?

a)

melting and cooling

b)

heat and pressure

c)

compacting and cementing

d)

weathering and melting

49.

Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?

a)

Most rocks are made of a single mineral.

b)

Most rocks have more than one mineral.

c)

All rocks contain minerals formed by compression and cementation.

d)

All rocks contain fossils.

50.

Which sequence of events occurs in the formation of a sedimentary rock?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

51.

Large deposits of rock gypsum and rock salt usually form in areas

a)

where there are volcanoes

b)

that are warm seas with evaporation

c)

covered by ice

d)

of fresh water lakes

52.

The diagram represents the fossils found in a rock formation found in central Rhode Island. In which type of rock were the fossils most likely found?

a)

sedimentary rock that formed in an ocean environment

b)

sedimentary rock that formed in a land environment

c)

igneous rock that formed in an ocean environment

d)

igneous rock that formed in a land environment

53.

Which granite sample most likely formed from magma that cooled and hardened at the slowest rate?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

54.

Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss probably formed from

a)

cementing together of individual minerals grains

b)

cooling and crystallizing of magma

c)

evaporation of an ancient ocean

d)

heat and pressure during metamorphism

55.

If rocks come into close contact with magma underground, but not actually in the magma, they would form a(n)

a)

igneous rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

organic rock

56.

A student observed a rock made up of many small particles of sand arranged in light-colored layers and dark-colored layers. Which of the following statements describes how this type of rock most likely formed?

a)

Clay was crushed and frozen under a glacier

b)

Lava from a volcano cooled quickly in water.

c)

River sediments were slowly compacted and cemented together

d)

Mineral deposits hardened into solid rock in underground caves

57.

The diagram shows a cross section of a portion of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. Letters A, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils. Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

58.

Larger crystal size in one of two igneous rocks of similar composition usually indicates that the rock with the larger crystals cooled for

a)

a shorter period of time than the other

b)

a longer period of time than the other

c)

the same amount of time as the other

59.

Metamorphic rocks formed by contact metamorphism will most likely be found

a)

in mountains

b)

underground by magma

c)

at the beach

d)

by a volcano

60.

The table shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Sandstone is one kind of sedimentary rock formed from compaction and cementation. Which rock described in the table is most likely sandstone?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4