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WorksheetsBiol 1103
Total questions: 102
Worksheet time: 51mins
1. What best describes the chemical attraction illustrated above?
A polar covalent bond.
A nonpolar covalent bond.
A hydrogen bond.
An ionic bond.
What would the net electrical charge of an atom with 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons be?
0
-1
+1
+4
The part of the molecule labeled A could best be described as
phosphate group
a fatty acid
an alpha carbon
a glycerol
What form would a collection of these molecules likely take at room temperature?
a solid
a liquid
a gas
More information is needed.
The macromolecule above is best described as
a phospholipid.
a triglyceride.
a carbohydrate.
a protein.
The part of the molecule labeled B could best be described as
saturated.
unsaturated.
neither saturated or unsaturated.
None of the above
At a pH of 6, the concentration of protons in solution is
10 times lower than it is at a pH of 7.
10 times higher than it is at a pH of 7.
100 times lower than it is at a pH of 7.
100 times higher than it is at a pH of 7.
Consider the following electronegativity values:
Boron (B) = 1.8
Carbon (C) = 2.5
Chlorine (CL) = 3.2
Selenium (Se) = 2.6
Which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar?
C-Se2
C-CL
B-CL
Se-CL
Which of the following characterize a single water molecule?
It is nonpolar.
The electronegativity of the oxygen atom is significantly lower that the electronegativity of the hydrogen atoms.
It contains two hydrogen bonds.
Its oxygen atom has a partial negative charge.
What statement below best describes nonpolar molecules?
Nonpolar molecules are hydrophilic and can mix with water molecules.
Nonpolar molecules are hydrophilic and do not mix with water molecules.
Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic and can mix with water molecules.
Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic and do not mix with water molecules.
Which option below shows the correct order from smallest to largest in size (left to right)?
atoms, viruses, macromolecules, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
atoms, macromolecules, viruses, eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells
atoms, macromolecules, viruses, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
macromolecules, atoms, viruses, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells
One water molecule can hydrogen bond with a maximum of ___ other water molecules.
1
2
3
4
You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room you hear the speaker say that the macromolecules are “single stranded”. Using that information, you conclude that the speaker is probably talking about
proteins.
phospholipids.
DNA.
RNA.
Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. How are they different?
Starch is mainly a structural polysaccharide and a polymer of α-glucose, while cellulose is an energy storage molecule and a polymer of β-glucose.
Starch is mainly a structural polysaccharide and a polymer of β-glucose, while cellulose is an energy storage molecule and a polymer of α-glucose.
Starch is an energy storage molecule and a polymer of β-glucose, while cellulose is mainly a structural polysaccharide and a polymer of α-glucose.
Starch is an energy storage molecule and a polymer of α-glucose, while cellulose is mainly a structural polysaccharide and a polymer of β-glucose.
If enzymes made a polysaccharide the size of the one labeled C in the illustration above, what would be
true?
It would require 12 hydrolysis reactions and produce 12 molecules of water.
It would require 12 hydrolysis reactions and require 12 molecules of water as a reactant.
It would require 12 condensation reactions and require 12 molecules of water as a reactant.
It would require 12 condensation reactions and produce 12 molecules of water.
Based on the degree of branching in the three polysaccharides illustrated above (labeled A, B, and C), what it most likely true.
A represents cellulose, B represents glycogen, and C represents starch.
A represents starch, B represents cellulose, and C represents glycogen.
A represents starch, B represents glycogen, and C represents cellulose.
A represents cellulose, B represents starch, and C represents glycogen.
Which option below represents a macromolecule bonded together by α-linkages?
glucose
glycogen
cellulose
triglycerides
Breaking macromolecules back down into their individual monomers requires
condensation reactions.
hydrolysis reactions.
hydrolysis and condensation reactions.
More information is needed.
What is the definition of a Brönsted-Lowry acid?
A molecule that donates an electron into solution.
A molecule that accepts an electron out of solution.
A molecule that donates a proton into solution.
A molecule that accepts a proton out of solution.
How are cows able to digest cellulose for energy?
Cows make the necessary enzymes to digest cellulose.
Cows have multiple stomachs that can mechanically digest cellulose.
Cows contain microorganisms in their digestive system that make the enzymes necessary to digest cellulose.
A and B are both true and together allow cows to digest cellulose.
If the covalent bonds in a water molecule were nonpolar, what form would water likely take at room temperature?
a solid
It would remain a liquid.
a gas
More information is needed.
What are the monomers of a triglyceride?
amino acids
nucleotides
glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate
glycerol and fatty acids
Which option(s) below represent an energy storage polymer made only by animals?
cellulose
glycogen
starch
A and B are energy storage polymers made by animals.
Which of the following is not a function associated with proteins?
Proteins can function as enzymes.
Proteins can function as signaling molecules.
Proteins can function as structural molecules.
Proteins can function as transport molecules.
All of the above are functions associated with proteins.
What are the covalent bonds that hold the monomers of the above molecule together?
phosphodiester bonds
peptide bonds
ester bonds
α-linkages
Which of the following is true about the molecule illustrated above?
This molecule serves as an important part of cell membranes.
This is an amphipathic molecule with the part of the molecule labeled A being hydrophobic.
This is an amphipathic molecule with the part of the molecule labeled B being hydrophilic.
All of the above are true.
What best describes the part of the molecule labeled ‘C’?
A phosphate group.
A nitrogenous base.
A pentose sugar.
A carboxyl group.
What best describes this molecule:
An amino acid.
A lipid.
A DNA nucleotide.
An RNA nucleotide.
What best describes the part of the molecule labeled ‘B’?
A nitrogenous base.
A nitrogenous base.
A carboxyl group.
A phosphate group.
What best describes the part of the molecule labeled ‘A’?
A phosphate group.
A pentose sugar.
A carboxyl group.
A nitrogenous base.
What best describes the bond labeled A?
A polar covalent bond.
A nonpolar covalent bond.
An ionic bond.
A hydrogen bond.
The hydrogen atoms above are numbered 1-4. Which hydrogen atom would most likely be able to participate in a hydrogen bond?
Hydrogen #1
Hydrogen #2
Hydrogen #3
Hydrogen #4
Assume that the carbon atom in the circle has no net electrical charge. What is certainly true of that carbon atom?
It has more electrons than protons.
It has more protons than electrons.
It has the same number of neutrons as electrons.
It has the same number of electrons as protons.
What best describes the bond labeled B?
A polar covalent bond.
A nonpolar covalent bond.
An ionic bond.
A hydrogen bond.
Which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) best represents a primary lysosome?
A
B
C
The formation of which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) is blocked by the Tuberculosis bacteria?
A
B
C
Which structure labeled in the figure above (A, B, or C) best represents a secondary lysosome?
A
B
C
Histones are proteins that bind to chromosomal DNA in the nucleus. Based on that knowledge, which of the following is true?
Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes associated with the rough ER.
Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes within the nucleus.
Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Histone proteins will be synthesized by ribosomes within the mitochondria.
You are doing an experiment to determine whether a membrane transport protein is a channel protein or a carrier protein. You measure how the rate at which the protein transports a solute across the membrane changes in response to increasing concentrations of the solute that the protein transports. If you get the results indicated by ‘A’ you can conclude that
The transport protein is a channel protein.
The transport protein is a carrier protein.
Neither A or B is true.
You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.
If you get the results indicated by ‘B’ you can conclude that
The transport protein is a channel protein.
The transport protein is a carrier protein.
Neither A or B is true.
You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.
The results indicated by ‘B’ are an example of
Linear kinetics.
Saturation kinetics.
Neither A or B is true.
You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.
The results indicated by ‘A’ are an example of
Linear kinetics.
Saturation kinetics.
Neither A or B is true.
You cannot make a conclusion based on the data.
Where precisely are ribosomes assembled in eukaryotic cells?
The Golgi
The rough ER
The nucleus
The nucleolus
Animal cells are growing in an incubator at 37°C. The cells are then placed into an incubator at 47°C. Which of the following is most likely to happen?
Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become more fluid.
Initially, the plasma membrane of the cells become less fluid.
The fluidity of the membrane will not be affected.
More information is needed.
(Refer to question 10) In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond?
By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have fewer C=C double bonds (unsaturations).
By generating membrane phospholipids with fatty acid chains that have more C=C double bonds (unsaturations).
Neither A or B will occur.
More information is needed.
(Refer to question 10) In response to being heated, how will the cells likely respond?
By generating membrane phospholipids with shorter fatty acid chains.
By generating membrane phospholipids with longer fatty acid chains.
Neither A or B will occur.
More information is needed
If you repeated Dr. Gorter’s experiment comparing the surface area of red blood cells (RBCs) with the surface area of the phospholipids that compose the plasma membrane of RBCs, which of the following results would best represent Dr. Gorter’s results?
A
B
C
D
Evert Gorter’s experiment with red blood cells demonstrated
that cell membranes were made of phospholipids.
that the nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer.
the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes.
that plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers.
In the figure above, which labeled structure (A, B, C, or D) best represents a hydrophobic area of the plasma membrane?
A
B
C
D
In the figure above, what is likely true of the proteins labeled A (fibronectin) and C (integrin)?
Both are integral (transmembrane) proteins.
Both are peripheral membrane proteins.
Fibronectin is an integral (transmembrane) protein and integrin is a peripheral membrane protein.
Fibronectin is a peripheral membrane protein and integrin is an integral (transmembrane) protein.
Evert Gorter used red blood cells (RBCs) in his experiment for several good reasons. Which reason below is the most important reason that he used RBCs?
RBCs are easy to count under a microscope.
RBCs are easy to obtain from animals.
A large quantity of RBCs can be obtained from an animal without harming it.
Within an individual organism all RBCs are the same size.
Which of the following is true of lysosomes?
They are released from the cis face of the Golgi.
Lysosomes may be used to break down “worn out” organelles.
Lysosomes contain enzymes that hydrolyze polymers.
Only B and C above are true of lysosomes.
Which of the following have no physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells?
the extracellular matrix
the cytoskeleton
integral proteins
All of the above make physical contact with the plasma membrane of cells.
The photo-bleaching experiments we discussed in class demonstrated
that plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers.
that the nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer.
the fluid mosaic model of plasma membranes.
that cell membranes are made of phospholipids.
What is most likely true of phospholipids that will become part of a cell’s plasma membrane?
They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by endocytosis.
They are synthesized in the rough ER and sent to the plasma membrane by endocytosis.
They are synthesized in the smooth ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
They are synthesized in the rough ER and sent to the plasma membrane by exocytosis.
Which of the following are found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
plasma (cell) membrane
ribosomes
cell wall
Only A and B are found in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Within the chloroplast there is a thick liquid substance called
the cytoplasm.
the nucleoplasm.
the stroma.
the matrix.
Are plant cell walls chemically similar to prokaryotic cell walls? How are they the same or different?
Yes, Plant and Bacterial cell walls are both composed of peptidoglycans.
No, Plant cell walls are made of peptidoglycans and bacterial cell walls are made of cellulose.
No, Plant cell walls are made of cellulose and bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycans.
Yes, Plant and Bacterial cell walls are both composed of cellulose.
All cells fall into one of two broad categories. What are they?
Eubacteria and Fungi
Eubacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Archaea and Eukaryotes
What best describes the nature of the nuclear membrane?
A phospholipid monolayer
A phospholipid bilayer
A phospholipid trilayer
A double phospholipid bilayer
A symporter is a carrier protein that will
transport a single type of molecular species.
transport two different molecular species in the same direction at the same time.
transport two different molecular species in opposite directions at the same time.
All of the above are true of symporter proteins
Prokaryotic cells do not have
organelles.
an endomembrane network.
a membrane bound nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells do not have B or C.
Which of the following is true of cell membrane fluidity?
A cell membrane that is too solid will not perform its boundary function.
A cell membrane that is too fluid will block integral (transmembrane) proteins from being able to change their shape.
Fluidity can be regulated by varying the length and degree of saturation in the fatty acid chains of membrane phospholipids.
All of the above are true of membrane fluidity.
To be considered alive an organism MUST be able to
photosynthesize.
reproduce.
grow and metabolize.
B and C.
Lipid bilayer membranes (LBMs) are more permeable to some types of molecules than others. Which option below gives the correct order (from left to right) starting with of the types of molecules that LBMs are the least permeable to and ending with the types of molecules that LBMs are the most permeable to?
ions, small polar molecules, non-polar molecules
small polar molecules, ions, non-polar molecules
small polar molecules, non-polar molecules, ions
non-polar molecules, small polar molecules, ions
Which of the following is not a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
providing structural support between cells.
reinforcing structures within cells that allow mobile cells to move
It provides the "glue" that allows cells to adhere to one another and form higher order structures such as organs.
All of the above are functions of the ECM.
As the radius of a spherical cell __#1____, its volume increases ___#2___ its surface area, and the ability of the cell to successfully support its metabolism __#3____.
#1 = increases, #2 = more slowly than, #3 = decreases
#1 = increases, #2 = more quickly than, #3 = decreases
#1 = decreases, #2 = at exactly the same rate as, #3 = decreases
#1 = increases, #2 = at exactly the same rate as, #3 = decreases
What do facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common?
Both require the use of integral (transmembrane) transport proteins and energy input from the cell.
Both require the use of integral (transmembrane) transport proteins but neither require energy input from the cell.
Channel proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport.
Carrier proteins are used in both facilitated diffusion and active transport.
What is true about reduction and oxidation reactions?
Reduced molecules lose an electron, oxidized molecules gain an electron, and reduction/oxidation are always coupled together.
Reduced molecules gain an electron, oxidized molecules lose an electron, and reduction/oxidation reactions are always coupled together.
Reduced molecules lose an electron, oxidized molecules gain an electron, and reduction/oxidation reactions are never coupled together.
Reduced molecules gain an electron, oxidized molecules lose an electron, and reduction/oxidation reactions are never coupled together.
Which of the following is true of exergonic reactions?
The free energy of the products is equal to the free energy of the reactants.
The free energy of the products is greater than the free energy of the reactants.
The free energy of the products is less than the free energy of the reactants.
None of the above.
The first law of thermodynamics states that
No energy transformation is 100% efficient.
Usable energy in the universe is continuously decreasing.
Unusable energy in the universe (entropy) is continuously increasing.
None of the above.
Which of the following is true about osmosis?
Osmosis refers to the movement of solutes across a semipermeable barrier.
In the case of a cell, the direction of osmosis may be predicted if the ψs inside and outside of a cell is known.
Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules across a semi permeable barrier.
Both B and C are true.
In the figure above, what term best describes process #1?
denitrification
fixation
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
Reactions with high activation energies will
occur at the same rate as reactions with lower activation energies.
occur at a faster rate than reactions with lower activation energies.
occur at a slower rate than reactions with lower activation energies.
Activation energy does not determine the rate of reactions.
Once the blood-brain barrier is bypassed, how are substances able to enter the brain tissue?
by endocytosis
By moving through the gaps between capillary wall cells.
by active transport
by facilitated diffusion
Creating ATP from ADP + Pi is an example of a reaction in which
the free energy of the product is equal to the free energy of the reactants.
the free energy of the product is greater than the free energy of the reactants.
the free energy of the product is less than the free energy of the reactants.
None of the above.
What best describes endergonic reactions.
They are always spontaneous.
They are never spontaneous.
They can be spontaneous.
Being endergonic does not determine if a reaction is spontaneous or not.
Producers always occupy which trophic level of an ecosystem?
the first trophic level
the second trophic level
the third trophic level
the fourth trophic level
When ψs is high, solute concentration is
high.
low.
ψs is not affected by solute concentration.
More information is needed.
The enthalpy of a molecule describes
the amount of unusable energy that is contained in the molecule.
the amount of energy available to do work that is contained in the molecule.
the total amount of energy contained in the molecule.
None of the above.
What best describes the part of the ATP molecule labeled B above.
a phosphate group
an amino group
a carbohydrate
a pentose sugar
Based on your conclusion about the movement of the water, what do you predict would happen to the cell?
The cell would increase in size.
The cell would decrease in size.
The cell would remain the same size.
More information is needed.
In the picture above the square represents a cell surrounded by a plasma membrane. Arrows indicate the areas inside and outside of the cell. The small circles represent sucrose molecules that are dissolved in the water. If you measured ψs inside and outside of the cell, which area would have the highest ψs?
ψs would be highest inside of the cell.
ψs would be highest outside of the cell.
ψs would be the same inside and outside of the cell.
More information is needed.
Based on your conclusion about ψs do you predict that the water would flow into the cell or out of the cell?
Water would flow into the cell.
Water would flow out of the cell.
The water would not move.
More information is needed
Which of the following is true concerning the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis?
The light and dark reactions occur at the thylakoid membrane.
The light and dark reactions occur in the stroma.
The light reactions occur in the stroma and the dark reactions occur at the thylakoid membrane.
The light reactions occur at the thylakoid membrane and the dark reactions occur in the stroma.
Catalysts such as enzymes
decrease the rates at which reactions occur by lowering the activation energy of the reactions.
decrease the rates at which reactions occur by raising the activation energy of the reactions.
increase the rates at which reactions occur by lowering the activation energy of the reactions.
increase the rates at which reactions occur by raising the activation energy of the reactions.
Which of the following is/are a form/s of kinetic energy?
ATP
glucose
a stored concentration gradient of a molecule
None of the above.
Creating ATP from ADP + Pi is coupled to
endergonic reactions.
exergonic reactions.
ATP synthesis is never coupled to another reaction.
None of the above.
What term below best describes an ATP molecule?
an amino acid
a carbohydrate
a lipid
a nucleotide
Exergonic reactions
will always occur at a faster rate than endergonic reactions.
will always occur at a slower rate than endergonic reactions.
will always occur at the same rates as endergonic reactions.
Being exergonic does not determine the rate of a reaction.
How much energy is lost when it is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
1%
10%
50%
90%
What is true of chemoheterotrophs?
They get their carbon from CO2 and their energy from organic molecules.
They get their carbon and their energy from organic molecules.
They get their energy from light and their carbon from organic molecules.
They get their energy from light and their carbon from CO2.
Which of the following element/s can be found in every type of macromolecule (nucleic acids, lipids,
proteins, and carbohydrates)?
carbon
phosphorous
oxygen
A and C.
Which of the following is/are true concerning the light reactions of photosynthesis?
light and water are inputs
ATP and NADP+ are outputs
carbon dioxide is an output
All the above.
Which of the following is/are biotic component/s of an ecosystem?
water
producers
light
All of the above.
The primary reservoir for hydrogen and oxygen is
the atmosphere.
water.
soil.
ocean beds.
Which of the following is/are true concerning the dark reactions of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADP+ are inputs
ADP and Pi are outputs
glucose is an output
B and C
Because of inefficient energy transfer from trophic level to trophic level, what is the maximum number of trophic levels an ecosystem can have?
1
2
3
4
What is true of photoheterotrophs?
They get their carbon from CO2 and their energy from organic molecules.
They get their carbon and their energy from organic molecules.
They get their energy from light and their carbon from organic molecules.
They get their energy from light and their carbon from CO2.
Usable forms of Nitrogen enter into ecosystems through
photosynthesis.
nitrogen fixation by bacteria.
nitrogen recycling.
denitrification.
What is true about the first electron carrier (EC) in an electron transport chain (ETC)?
It will have the same affinity for electrons as all the other ECs in the ETC.
It will have more affinity for electrons than any of the other ECs in the ETC.
It will have less affinity for electrons than any of the other ECs in the ETC.
None of the above.
Which of the following is true concerning the diagram above?
Chemoheterotrophs can only participate in process #2.
Photoautotrophs can only participate in process #1
Chemoheterotrophs can participate in process #1 and #2.
Photoautotrophs can only participate in process #2.
