WorksheetsCh 8 Review
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 24mins
What health effects can air pollutants have on humans?
Improve eyesight and hearing
Irritate eyes and lungs, damage nerves and brain function
Strengthen immune system
Increase energy levels
What is a major environmental issue faced by many megacities?
Lack of clean water
Absence of pollution controls
Overpopulation
Deforestation
What are the dominant sources of most criteria pollutants according to the document?
Agriculture and industry
Transportation and power plants
Residential heating and cooling
Forestry and mining
According to the diagram, which source contributes the most to nitrogen oxides?
Industry
Power plants
Transportation
Non-road
What is the main source of sulfur dioxide emissions as shown in the diagram?
Industry
Power plants
Transportation
Other
In what year did the EPA announce the addition of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases to its list of regulated pollutants?
2005
2009
2015
2020
What is a point source of pollution?
A smokestack or concentrated pollution origin
Emissions that do not go through a smokestack
Pollutants that become hazardous after reactions
Pollutants released in a harmless form
How do secondary pollutants become hazardous?
After reactions in the air
When released in a harmful form
When they do not go through a smokestack
When concentrated in a single source
What are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and what is their role in the atmosphere?
Highly reactive gases that contribute to photochemical smog
Inert gases that have no effect on the atmosphere
Sweet-smelling gases that enhance plant growth
Colorless gases that reduce air pollution
How does carbon monoxide (CO) affect animals?
It enhances respiration
It binds reversibly to hemoglobin (red blood cells)
It binds irreversibly to hemoglobin (red blood cells)
It improves oxygen transport
What type of agent is ground-level ozone (O₃)?
Reducing agent
Oxidizing agent
Neutral agent
Inert agent
What role does sunlight play in the formation of ground-level ozone?
It breaks down ozone
It initiates the reaction to form ozone
It has no effect
It absorbs ozone
What do volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to when interacting with ozone?
Formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants
Reduction of greenhouse gases
Decrease in air pollution
Increase in water quality
From which industrial processes do volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly derive?
Refining of oil and gas, or plastics and chemical manufacturing
Textile production and agriculture
Mining and metal refining
Food processing and packaging
What is the most abundantly produced metal air pollutant that impairs nerve and brain functions?
Mercury
Lead
Copper
Zinc
What are some examples of particulate material?
Water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen
Dust, ash, soot, lint
Iron, copper, aluminum
Sand, gravel, stones
What do hazardous air pollutants, like lead and mercury, disrupt in addition to causing cancer and nerve damage?
Blood circulation
Hormone function and fetal development
Muscle growth
Bone density
What is a characteristic of hazardous air pollutants, like lead and mercury, in ecosystems?
They decompose quickly
They remain for long periods and accumulate in tissues
They enhance plant growth
They are easily filtered by water
What is the primary source of airborne metals?
Combustion of natural gas
Combustion of coal
Combustion of oil
Combustion of wood
Why has airborne mercury received special attention?
It is a rare element
It is a persistent neurotoxin
It is beneficial for health
It is easy to detect
What can minute doses of airborne mercury cause?
Improved cognitive function
Nerve damage and other impairments
Enhanced immune response
Increased energy levels
What percentage of airborne mercury is released by coal-burning power plants?
50%
60%
70%
80%
What is a potential source of mercury mentioned in the image?
Canned Tuna
Tin Cans
Ink on labels
Glue to hold the paper label.
How much can life expectancy decrease if you live in a large city with polluted air?
Five to ten years
One to two years
Ten to fifteen years
No decrease
Which substances are responsible for acidifying rain, fog, snow, and mist?
Carbon dioxide and methane
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Ozone and carbon monoxide
Chlorofluorocarbons and lead
What environmental issue is depicted in the image?
Deforestation by logging
Forest fire damage
Forest damage by acid rain
Flood damage
What is one of the effects of air pollution on historic buildings and works of art?
It enhances their color.
It preserves their structure.
It destroys them.
It makes them more valuable.
What materials are dissolved by acids, leading to the destruction of historic buildings?
Granite and sandstone
Limestone and marble
Wood and metal
Brick and concrete
Which city is mentioned as having ideal conditions for temperature inversions?
New York
Chicago
Los Angeles
Miami
What is a temperature inversion?
A situation where temperature increases with altitude
A situation where temperature decreases with altitude
A situation where temperature remains constant with altitude
A situation where temperature fluctuates randomly with altitude
How does a temperature inversion affect air pollution in cities?
It disperses air pollution quickly
It traps air pollution close to the ground
It has no effect on air pollution
It reduces air pollution by increasing wind speed
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where city temperatures are higher than the surrounding countryside due to low albedo surfaces?
Urban heat island
Dust dome
Greenhouse effect
Thermal inversion
What is the temperature difference between cities and the surrounding countryside due to the urban heat island effect?
1° to 2° C
3° to 5° C
6° to 8° C
9° to 11° C
On some days, what is the reduced visibility at Grand Canyon National Park due to smog?
20 kilometers (12.5 miles)
50 kilometers (31 miles)
100 kilometers (62 miles)
5 kilometers (3 miles)
What is the best strategy for reducing pollution according to the text?
Increasing production
Reducing production
Using more chemicals
Ignoring emissions
What does particulate removal involve?
Adding more chemicals
Filtering air emissions
Increasing sulfur content
Reducing water usage
Why is sulfur removal important?
It increases air quality
Sulfur oxides are the least damaging pollutants
Sulfur oxides are among the most damaging pollutants
It reduces water pollution
What percentage of unburned particulates can an electrostatic precipitator remove?
90%
95%
99%
85%
What was the primary aim of the Clean Air Act of 1963 in the United States?
To control water pollution
To regulate greenhouse gases
To control air pollution
To manage waste disposal
What is the main purpose of a cap-and-trade approach?
To set maximum emission levels for pollutants
To eliminate all emissions
To increase pollution levels
To provide unlimited emission credits
What can facilities do under a cap-and-trade system?
Buy and sell emission credits
Increase their emissions without limit
Ignore pollution regulations
Only install pollution control equipment
What choice do companies have under a cap-and-trade system?
Install pollution control equipment or buy credits
Ignore pollution control entirely
Only buy credits
Only install pollution control equipment
What percentage of the United States now meets the National Ambient Air Quality Standards?
50%
80%
70%
90%
What has happened to most pollutants since the introduction of Clean Air Act rules?
Increased slightly
Remained the same
Declined sharply
Increased sharply
What was required for automobiles in the 1990s to control air pollution?
Electric engines
Catalytic converters
Solar panels
Hybrid technology
Which of the following is a health effect of air pollutants?
Improved digestion
Respiratory diseases
Enhanced vision
Increased energy levels
The December 1952 Great Smog was a catastrophic 5-day pollution event in London, during which an anticyclone trapped coal smoke from domestic fires and industry beneath a cold air layer (a temperature inversion). It killed at least 4,000–12,000 people, caused severe respiratory illness, and led to the _________________
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
Air Pollution Act
Water Pollution Act
In which condition is smog and pollutants able to dissipate in the upper atmosphere?
