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Ecology Test Review

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
2.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
3.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
4.
If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism would have the least amount of total energy available?
a)
coyote
b)
insect
c)
lizard
d)
shrub
5.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
6.
Biodiversity is 
a)
the variety of species within an ecosystem
b)
a large number of the same species in an ecosystem
c)
an abundant amount of the same primary consumers 
d)
the ability to have an abundant source from the same species
7.

What happens when different species try to occupy the same niche?

a)

The species compete with each other

b)

The species cooperate with each other

c)

The species coexist with each other

d)

All of the above

8.
The nonliving aspects of an ecosystem.
a)
Abiotic factors
b)
Biotic factors
9.
Barnacles grow on whales.  Whales give the barnacles a place to live but the barnacles do not help or harm the whale.  Which type of relationship is this?
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitiesm
10.
In which type of relationship do both species benefit?
a)
parasitism
b)
mutualism
c)
commensalism
11.
Which is an example of a parasitic relationship?
a)
a bee pollinates a flower
b)
a tapeworm takes nutrients from a dog
c)
an orchid lives in a tree but does not harm the tree
12.

Which list describes the types of relationships the sunfish has with other marine organisms?

a)

Seabirds: mutualism

Jellyfish: predation

Copepods: parasitism

b)

Seabirds: parasitism

Jellyfish: commensalism

Copepods: predation

c)

Seabirds: predation

Jellyfish: mutualism

Copepods: commensalism

d)

Seabirds: commensalism

Jellyfish: parasitism

Copepods: mutualism

13.

Based on this food web, which organism occupies multiple trophic levels?

a)

Canada goose

b)

Eastern cottontail

c)

Loggerhead sea turtle

d)

Sand dollar

14.

A farmer is struggling to control the population of a certain insect on his farm. After researching population control techniques, he discovers that a particular bird is a predator of this insect. The farmer purchases a number of these birds and releases them onto his farm. How might the farmer's action most likely have a negative impact on the ecosystem?

a)

The birds will increase biodiversity of native plant species.

b)

The birds will pollinate native species, increasing genetic variation.

c)

The birds will consume beneficial insects, as well as the pest species.

d)

The birds will mate with native birds and create a new species.

15.
As ecological succession progresses forward in time,
a)
there is very little effect on the diversity of plant and animal life.
b)
the diversity of plant and animal life increases.
c)
the diversity of plant and animal life decreases.
d)
none of the above.
16.

Which statement best describes these two species?

a)

Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.

b)

Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.

c)

Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.

d)

Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.

17.

Which of the following is a long-term effect on the removal of the redfish from the ecosystem represented by the food web above?

a)

The osprey population will increase.

b)

The amphipod population will increase.

c)

The clam worm population will increase.

d)

The phytoplankton population will increase.

18.

How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the cycle shown?

a)

It releases ozone into the atmosphere.

b)

It removes carbon from the atmosphere.

c)

It both releases and removes carbon from the atmosphere.

d)

It releases carbon into the atmosphere.

19.

How do plants affect the given cycle above?

a)

They only release carbon into the atmosphere.

b)

They both release and remove carbon from the atmosphere.

c)

They do not contribute to this cycle.

d)

They only remove carbon from the atmosphere.

20.

What is the most stable and biodiverse ecosystem called?

a)

Climax Community

b)

Primary Succession

c)

Secondary Succession

21.

What happens to the 90% of energy that is not transferred to the next trophic level?

a)

Lost at 10%

b)

Gained as heat through cell processes

c)

Lost as heat through cell processes

22.

What percent of the available energy moves from one trophic level to the next?

a)

90%

b)

100%

c)

10%

d)

25%

23.

White clovers, Trifolium repens, are plants that are native to Europe

and Central Asia and are able to produce the poison cyanide within

their cells. Skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus, is a plant that

is native to eastern North America and can produce a chemical that

makes it have a strong, foul odor and bitter taste.

The chemicals produced by both the white clovers and skunk

cabbages are adaptations that allow them to —

a)

attract more pollinators

b)

survive a long-term drought

c)

protect against herbivores

d)

grow better in colder habitats

24.

Leaf-cutter ants harvest leaves and carry them to fungi that convert

plant material into a usable form for the ants to digest. The fungi

depend on the leaves for nutrients. The ants also produce an antibiotic

on their bodies that helps protect the fungi from harmful bacteria.

Which of these explains the relationship between the leaf-cutter ants

and the fungi?

a)

Predation, because the ants feed on the fungi

b)

Mutualism, because both the ants and the fungi benefit from 

each other

c)

Competition, because both organisms consume the same resource

for energy

d)

Commensalism, because the ants receive energy from the fungi

and the fungi are unaffected

25.

Students designed an experiment to model the carbon cycle. The

students combined water and carbon dioxide-producing disks in a

sealed flask. The flask represented Earth’s atmosphere, and the lamp

represented the sun. Which component can be added to the flask to reduce the

concentration of carbon dioxide in the model atmosphere created 

by the disks?

a)

Bacteria to use carbon during nitrification

b)

Plants to absorb carbon in the process of photosynthesis

c)

Snails to use carbon through cellular respiration

d)

Mushrooms to absorb carbon during decomposition

26.

Sort the following organism into their categories.

Categorize the following

sunflower

algae

strawberry

chemosynthetic bacteria

Human

Dog

Caterpillar

Mouse

Bacteria

Fungi

Autotroph
Heterotroph
Decomposer
27.
The diagram represents a model of a food pyramid.  Which statement best describes what happens in this food pyramid?
a)
More organisms die at higher levels than at lower levels, resulting in less mass at higher levels.
b)
Energy is lost to the environment at each level, so less mass can be supported at each higher level.
c)
When organisms die at higher levels, their remains sink to lower levels, increasing the mass of lower levels.
d)
Organisms decay at each level, and thus less mass can be supported at higher levels
28.

Which one is most likely the pyramid of biomass?

a)

A

b)

B

29.
This pyramid shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. 
a)
Energy Pyramid
b)
Biomass Pyramid
c)
Pyramid of Numbers
30.
A pearlfish spends the day inside the alimentary tract, or intestines, of a sea cucumber. The fish emerges from the sea cucumber at night to feed on small crustaceans. The pearlfish gets a safe place to live. The sea cucumber does not gain anything from the relationship, nor is it harmed. 
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
31.
A cymothoid isopod lives inside the mouth of a snapper fish. The isopod severs blood vessels in the fish’s tongue, causing the tongue to atrophy and degenerate.The isopod then hooks its pereopods, or legs, to the base of the fish’s tongue,essentially replacing the tongue. The isopod stays there for the rest of its life, feeding on blood, mucus, and stray pieces of food from the fish.
a)
Commensalism
b)
Parasitism
c)
Mutualism
32.
A boxer crab carries a pair of small anemones in its chelipeds, or claws. When approached by a predator, the crab waves the stinging tentacles of the anemones to deter the predator. The anemones benefit from the small particles of food dropped by the crab during feeding. 
a)
Commensalism
b)
Mutualism
c)
Parasitism
33.
Corals feed off the byproducts of a microscopic algae living within their own tissue,called zooxanthellae. The photosynthetic activity of the algae is vital to the survival of the coral animals, which use the energy to extract calcium from the seawater and build their calcareous skeletons. The zooxanthellae are protected by the hard coral and obtain plant nutrients from the coral. 
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
34.

A species that is not native to an area is called:

a)

Native Species

b)

Natural Species

c)

Nonnative Species

d)

Symbiotic Species

35.

What can absorb Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere?

a)

Wetlands ;photosynthesis; ocean phytoplankton

b)

Burning of fossil fuels; increase deforestation

c)

Increased Co2 in the atmosphere by breathing more.

d)

Denitrifying bacteria in the soil.

36.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
37.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
38.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

39.

According to this diagram, plants absorb

a)

nitrates

b)

nitrogen fixing bacteria

c)

animals

d)

decomposers

40.

Match the following

a)

1.

Variety of habitats in biosphere

b)

2.

Different types of organisms in area

c)

3.

Different alleles present in species

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