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WorksheetsRESP 1330: O2 and CO2 Transport
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 50mins
If a patient is hypervolemic, which hemodynamic parameter would be most affected?
CVP
PCWP
RAP
PAP
What volume or capacity describes the amount of air left in the lungs after a normal tidal volume exhalation?
Vital Capacity (VC)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Residual Volume (RV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
What volume or capacity describes how much air can breathed in after a tidal volume inhalation?
IRV
IC
TLC
VC
Which capacity includes all of the following:
IRV
Vt
ERV
TLC
VC
IC
FRC
Which of the following are terms for HbO2?
I. Oxygenated Hb
2. Combined Hb
3. Carboxyhemoglobin
4. Oxyhemoglobin
5. Oxyclean
1 and 2
1, 2, 3, and 4
3 and 5
I, 2, and 4
Which of the following are terms for deoxygenated Hb
I. Reduced
2. Conjoined Hb
3. Uncombined Hb
4. Heme Alone
5. Deescalated Hb
1 and 3
1, 2, 3, and 5
3 and 5
I, 2, and 4
What is the formula for CaO2
(Hb × 1.34 × SaO2) + (PaO2 × 0.003)
(Hb × 1.34) + (PcO2 x 0.003)
(Hb x 1.34 x ScO2) + (PAO2 x 0.003)
(PB - PH2O)FiO2 - (PaCO2/0.8)
What is the formula for CcO2
(Hb × 1.34 × SaO2) + (PaO2 × 0.003)
(Hb × 1.34) + (PcO2 x 0.003)
(Hb x 1.34 x ScO2) + (PAO2 x 0.003)
(PB - PH2O)FiO2 - (PaCO2/0.8)
Which axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shows the percentage of Hb that's bound to O2?
left, or y-axis
bottom, or x-axis
the "sometimes" option on the right side
Which axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shows the oxygen pressure, or PO2?
left, or y-axis
bottom, or x-axis
the "sometimes" option on the right side
Which axis of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shows the oxygen content?
left, or y-axis
bottom, or x-axis
the "sometimes" option on the right side
How many O2 molecules can Hb hold?
5 g%
4
15
35-45
How many g% does Hb have to be reduced for a patient to appear cyanotic?
5
4
15
33
If I were to administer supplemental oxygen to a patient and moved their PaO2 from 85 to 100, what kind of change would I expect to see in their Hb/oxygen saturation?
almost none
significant change
moderate change
a change of around 30
Which part of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve represents a "safety zone" for loading and unloading oxygen?
steep portion
flat portion
the s-shaped portion
PO2 below 60 will cause a rapid decrease in the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin. This means that Oxygen delivery to tissues will
be enhanced
be decreased
stop until the PO2 increased to at least 60 again
be fine - this occurs in the safety zone
Assuming that your patient has a normal Hb and a normal breathing pattern, estimate the patient's saturation if PaO2 is 55
65
75
85
95
When the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the left, how does Hb behave?
1. Readily picks up O2
2. Resists picking up O2
3. Is quick to release O2 to tissues
4. resists releasing O2 to tissues
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 3
When the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the right, how does Hb behave?
1. Readily picks up O2
2. Resists picking up O2
3. Is quick to release O2 to tissues
4. resists releasing O2 to tissues
1 and 4
2 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 3
Which of the following would shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
1. decreased PCO2
2. decreased 2-3 BPG
3. decreased pH
4. increased temp
3 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 4
1 and 2
Which of the following would shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?
1. decreased PCO2
2. decreased 2-3 BPG
3. decreased pH
4. increased temp
3 and 4
2 and 3
1 and 4
1 and 2
Which of the following would shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
1. increased PCO2
2. decreased 2-3 BPG
3. decreased pH
4. increased temp
2, 3, and 4
2 and 3
1 and 4
1, 3, and 4
Which of the following would shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?
1. increased PCO2
2. decreased 2-3 BPG
3. increased pH
4. increased temp
2, 3, and 4
2 and 3
1 and 4
1, 3, and 4
The presence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the
right
left
You are caring for a patient who is hyperventilating. Your preceptor informs you that their ABG shows a pH of 7.48 and a PaCO2 of 29.
What direction would you expect the O2Hb dissociation curve to shift?
left
right
up
down
Which of the following does NOT impact Total Oxygen Delivery
cardiac size
cardiac output
ability to oxygenate blood
Hb concentration
What is another way of expressing Oxygen consumption?
oxygen uptake
total oxygen delivery
oxygen extraction ratio
shunt percentage
The Oxygen coefficient ratio or the Oxygen utilization ratio is also known as
oxygen uptake
total oxygen delivery
oxygen extraction ratio
shunt percentage
Which of the following increase the VO2 (oxygen consumption)?
exercise, peripheral shunting, hypothermia, shivering
hyperthermia, seizures, exercise, certain poisons
skeletal muscle relaxation, seizures, hypothermia, peripheral shunting
shivering, hyperthermia, seizures, exercise
Which of the following decrease the VO2 (oxygen consumption)?
peripheral shunting, hypothermia, muscle relaxation
hyperthermia, seizures, exercise, certain poisons
skeletal muscle relaxation, seizures, hypothermia, peripheral shunting
shivering, hyperthermia, seizures, exercise
Factors that increase the O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio) are anything that:
increases oxygen consumption and/or decreases delivery
decreases consumption and/or increases delivery
increases oxygen consumption and/or increases delivery
decreases oxygen consumption and/or decreases delivery
Factors that decrease the O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio) are anything that:
increases oxygen consumption and/or decreases delivery
decreases consumption and/or increases delivery
increases oxygen consumption and/or increases delivery
decreases oxygen consumption and/or decreases delivery
What would a low cardiac output and seizures do to the O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio)?
increase
decrease
What would peripheral shunting and hypothermia do to the O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio)
increase
decrease
What would increased hemoglobin and arterial oxygenation combined with skeletal muscle relaxation due to the O2ER (oxygen extraction ratio)?
increase
decrease
You are caring for a short of breath 65 year old patient in the emergency room. The physician wants to determine whether the patient is experiencing absolute or relative shunting. What would you recommend?
Apply Oxygen therapy and evaluate the patient's response
Obtain an arterial blood gas and calculate the PAO2
Obtain a Hb level and calculate shunt percentage
methylene blue and ascorbic acid
You are caring for a patient with an increase COHb. The physician asks for your treatment recommendations. What would you recommend?
a blood transfusion
Obtain an arterial blood gas and calculate the PAO2
100% Oxygen therapy
methylene blue and ascorbic acid
You are caring for a patient with MetHb. The physician asks for your treatment recommendations. What would you recommend?
a blood transfusion
Obtain an arterial blood gas and calculate the PAO2
100% Oxygen therapy
methylene blue and ascorbic acid
Which of the following most closely matches the definition of hypoxemia?
low oxygen tension in arterial blood
insufficient amount of oxygen at the tissue level for normal aerobic metabolism to occur
Total amount of oxygen delivered or transported to peripheral tissues
a comparison of oxygen extracted to oxygen delivered
Which of the following most closely matches the definition of hypoxia?
low oxygen tension in arterial blood
insufficient amount of oxygen at the tissue level for normal aerobic metabolism to occur
Total amount of oxygen delivered or transported to peripheral tissues
a comparison of oxygen extracted to oxygen delivered
Which of the following can be causes of hypoxic hypoxia?
1. high altitude
2. fibrosis
3. anemia
4. shunting
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4
Which of the following can be causes of hypoxic hypoxia?
1. cyanide poisoning
2. pulmonary edema
3. hypoventilation
4. slow/stagnant blood flow
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4
Which of the following can be causes of histotoxic hypoxia?
1. cyanide poisoning
2. pulmonary edema
3. hypoventilation
4. slow/stagnant blood flow
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4
Which of the following can be causes of circulatory hypoxia?
1. arterial-venous shunts
2. pulmonary edema
3. hypoventilation
4. slow/stagnant blood flow
1 only
2 and 3
1 and 4
3 and 4
Which of the following can be causes of anemic hypoxia?
1. COHb
2. MetHb
3. hypoventilation
4. hemorrhage
1 and 2
1, 2 , and 3
1, 2, and 4
3 and 4
Which mechanisms are used to transport CO2 in RBCs?
1. carbamino compound
2. bicarbonate
3. carbamino-Hb
4. dissolved CO2
all of the above
1, 2, and 3
2, 3, and 4
1 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
What is called when CO2 combines with H2O to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)
hydrolyzing CO2
carbonated water
carboxyhydrogen
carbamino
A cool thing about the hydrolysis reaction is that it can go both directions. When bicarbonate combines with hydrogen, what is formed?
carbonic acid
carbamino compound
hydrolyzed HCO3
What does carbonic acid dissociate into in the lungs?
CO2 and H2O
HCO3 and H
carbon and Hb
Comparing the CO2 dissociation curve and the O2Hb dissociation curve..... which of the following is true
PCO2 changes have a greater effect on CO2 content than PO2 changes have on O2 content
PO2 changes have a greater effect on O2 content than PCO2 changes have on CO2 content
both follow the 40-50-60-/70-80-90 rule
Small changes in caffeine content have a large and positive impact on Adrienne's attitude, unless the safety zone is exceeded
