occurs when an air mass rises from orographic lifting, which involves air moving up the side of a mountain.​ ​ (a)  

local air-mass thunderstorm that commonly occurs along a coastal area because land and water store and release thermal energy differently ​ is a(an) ​ (a)  

type of thunderstorm usually produced by an advancing cold front, which can result in a line of thunderstorms hundreds of kilometers long, or, more rarely, an advancing warm front, which can result in a relatively mild thunderstorm is called a(an)​ (a)  

a branching channel of partially charged air that forms between positive and negative regions; generally moves from the center of the cloud towards the ground​ is generally known as a (a)  

a branching channel of positively charged ions that rushes upward from the ground to meet the stepped leader is known as the​ (a)  

the bright flash we see as lightning is a​ (a)  

extremely powerful, self-sustaining thunderstorm characterized by intense, rotating updrafts is a ​ (a)  

violent downdrafts that are concentrated in a local area is called a ​ (a)  

violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground that forms when wind direction and speed suddenly change with height; is often associated with a supercell, and can be extremely damaging is a​ (a)  

large, low-pressure, rotating tropical storm that gets its energy from the evaporation of warm ocean water and the release of heat is known as​ ​a (a)  

calm center of a tropical cyclone that develops when the winds around its center reach at least 120 km/h is called a(an)​ (a)  

band where the strongest winds in a hurricane are usually concentrated, surrounding the eye (a)  

occurs when powerful, hurricane-force winds drive a mound of ocean water toward shore, where it washes over the land, often causing enormous damage is known as a(an)​ (a)  

extended period of above-average temperatures caused by large, high-pressure systems that warm by compression and block cooler air masses is called a(an)​ (a)  

extended period of below-average temperatures caused by large, high-pressure systems of continental polar or arctic origin is called a(an)​ (a)  

extended period of well-below-average rainfall, usually caused by shifts in global wind patterns, allowing high-pressure systems to remain for weeks or months over continental areas is called a(an)​ (a)  

measures the windchill factor by estimating the heat loss from human skin caused by a combination of wind and cold air ​ (a)