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WorksheetsGCSE OCR - System Architecture
Total questions: 123
Worksheet time: 2hrs 37mins
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) continually
(a) , (b) and (c) instructions.
In Von Neumann architecture, the part that stores the address of the location in memory for data to be fetched from or sent to is...
The part of the CPU that carries out arithmetic calculations and logical decisions is ...
Cache memory sits between the processor and main memory (RAM). The (a) looks into the cache for required data. If it is not there, it requests it from (b) . The data is moved into cache before being accessed by the CPU.
In Von Neumann architecture, the part that stores the address of the next instruction to be processed is the...
In Von Neumann architecture, the part that stores data fetched from memory or to be sent to memory is...
The CPU works at high speeds governed by the clock chip. The (a) the clock, the more (b) that can be completed per (c) .
In Von Neumann architecture, the part that stores the RESULTS of any calculation carried out by the ALU is the...
RAM
Output Unit (OU)
Accumulator (ACC)
Control Unit (CU)
Cache memory can be accessed very quickly by the (a) , so having (b) cache will provide the CPU with (c) access to more data.
If a CPU has multiple cores, it may be able to process more instructions ____________.
quickly
An embedded system is a computer system that has been designed for a (a) function as part of a (b) system.
image file size = (a) x (b) (pixels) x (c) (pixels)
(a) (ROM) is (b) , which means it (c) need power to maintain it. It provides storage for the (d) .
What are 3 characteristics of embedded systems?
Large in size
Often manufactured as a single chip
Perform a limited set of tasks
Less robust and reliable than general purpose computers
Limited options to modify/difficult to modify
Embedded systems are found in most consumer products, such as... (choose 3)
Laptops
Televisions
Desktop PCs
Washing machines
Home heating controls
A computer needs primary storage for data it needs to access quickly. This includes: (choose 3)
Start-up or boot instructions
Power supply
The operating system
Keyboard
Programs that are running
Random Access Memory (RAM) is (a) , meaning it needs (b) to maintain it. If the computer is turned off, the RAM (c) its contents.
The (a) RAM in a computer, the more (b) it can run at the same time and the (c) the computer's performance.
Secondary storage is needed to store files and programs and it is therefore non-volatile. Some types of secondary storage in a computer are... (choose 3)
CPU
Magnetic storage (mostly HDDs)
Solid-state storage (flash memory)
Optical storage (CD, DVD, CD-R, CD-RW, blu ray etc)
Magnetic storage mostly uses hard disk drives (HDDs). They are made of a stack of magnetic disks or platters that rotate. A (a) moves across the surface of the platters to read and write data. Magnetic disks are (b) and provide (c) storage at (d) .
Solid-state storage uses (a) technology, so they have (b) . This means access to data is (c) than for a magnetic HDD. SSDs are (d) , lightweight and compact making them ideal for use in portable devices. They have a (e) capacity than magnetic HDDs and the cost is higher.
Optical media like Blu Ray disks, CD-ROM and DVD-ROM ( (a) ), CD-R and DVD-R ( (b) ) and CD-RW and DVD-RW ( (c) ) is (d) and robust.
Match the following:
4 bits
1 nibble
8 bits
1 byte
1000B
1 kilobyte
1000KB
1 megabyte
sound file size = (a) (Hz) x (b) (s) x (c) x (d)
text file size = (a) x (b)
Moving the binary digits to the left or right is called a binary shift.
Moving to the left (a) the value by 2 for each place the value is shifted.
Moving to the right (b) the number by 2 for each place the value is shifted
To convert denary to hex:
(1) _________ the denary number by 16 and write down the correct hex symbol for the result in the 16s column
(2) Convert the remainder to the correct symbol and write that in the 1s column
Multiply
Subtract
The character set of a computer is a list of all the characters available to the computer.
True
False
Which of the following are valid character sets? (choose 2)
ASCII / extended ASCII
ANVILL
Unicode
EBIC
Metadata means 'data about data'. Image metadata contains information that tells the computer (a) from the binary data stored, and it includes (b) and (c) .
Higher colour depth: a (a) number of colours can be represented, giving a (b) quality image. (c) data is stored, making the file larger.
Higher resolution: (a) pixels are used to represent the image, meaning the quality is (b) and it can be made larger (c) losing resolution. More data is needed to represent the pixel, meaning the file is (d) .
Sounds are a series of (a) that (b) and can take any value - this means they are (c) .
Match the following:
Sample rate
Number of samples taken per second
Duration
Length of time the sound is sampled for
Bit depth
Number of bits used to store each sample
With (a) compression, some of the data is removed to make the file (b) . The data removed is the least likely to be noticed. The original file (c) be restored from the compressed version.
With (a) compression, none of the data is removed. Algorithms look for patterns in the data so that repeated data items only need to be stored once, together with information about (b) . The original file (c) be restored.
A (a) consists of devices connected together in a single building or site, such as a school or office, using (b) and wireless connections.
A (a) is formed by connecting together (b) . They may be spread across a (c) and use telephone lines, fibre-optic cables and even satellites. The largest WAN is (d) .
Bandwidth, measured in bits per second (bps) or megabits per second (Mbps), refers to how much data can be transmitted over a network in a given period of time.
Factors that can affect performance and potential bandwidth include: (choose 3)
Number of users
No. of USB ports on the router
Transmission media used
Temperature of server room
Interference and error rates
(a) allow data to be passed between devices on a network.
(b) connect networks together.
Every device connected to the internet is assigned an IP address to enable it to be located.
IPv4 addresses use a (a) which is broken into four 8-bit sections, each representing a number between 0 and 255. They are usually written in (b) .
IPv6 addresses use a (c) which is broken down into eight 16-bit sections. They are usually written using (d) .
There are a range of standard protocols used by applications such as web browsers and email clients. These are rules (NOT instructions). Match them:
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
POP
Post Office Protocol
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(a) defines the rules for sending email messages from a client to a server, and then from server to server.
(b) allows multiple devices to have synchronised access to mail on a mail server.
(c) is used by a client to retrieve emails from the mail server. The emails are usually downloaded to the device then deleted from the server.
TCP/IP stands for (a) / (b) .
TCP (c) from applications into smaller data packets that can be sent across a network.
IP (d) to each data packet including the source and destination IP addresses.
Protocols are assigned to layers. The advantages of layers are:
1) One layer can be (a) without affecting the other layers.
2) Enables hardware/software manufacturers to develop products that (b)
3) Easier to (c) networking errors and problems.
A keyboard is an....
Input device
Output device
A webcam or camera is an...
Input device
Output device
A speaker is an...
Input device
Output device
Google Chrome is...
Hardware
Software
To get data onto a computer we must use...
An input device
An output device
A processor
To process data that has been input computers primarily use...
a CPU
a GPU
Microcontroller
Software is...
The parts of the computer you can touch
The parts of the computer you cannot touch
The instructions needed by the CPU to perform tasks
A bus...
Is how data is transported around a computer system
Is how data is input into a computer system
Is how data is output from a computer system
Is how data is processed inside a computer system
Which of the following are types of bus in a computer system
Memory Bus
Data Bus
Input Bus
Control Bus
Address Bus
What is the purpose of the control bus?
Carries signals to control various devices and components
Carries data around the computer system
Carries the addresses of where data needs to go or come from
What is the purpose of the address bus?
Carries signals to control various devices and components
Carries data around the computer system
Carries the addresses of where data needs to go or come from
What is the purpose of the data bus?
Carries signals to control various devices and components
Carries data around the computer system
Carries the addresses of where data needs to go or come from
What is an embedded system?
A computer which resides within a larger system or device
A computer which helps a larger computer
A computer which can be embedded within your body
A computer small which can run on batteries
Which of the following are embedded systems?
Laptop
Thermostat
Television
MP3 player
Smartphone
Embedded systems are...
Cheaper to produce
Easier to manufacture
More powerful than general purpose computers
Require a lot of storage
Can only run on batteries
Embedded systems are...
Good at carrying out multiple tasks
Specialised at doing one task
Are less likely to malfunction
Use less energy than general purpose computers
Are easier to repair
What is not a benefit of networking?
Share hardware
Share software
Share viruses
Share workstations
Which network topology uses a server?
Star
Mesh
Ring
None
What is a disadvantage of a Mesh network
Redundant connections
Slower than Star
No single point of failure
Expansion doesn't disrupt the network
What does a Hub do?
Once received sends data packets to all workstations
Sends data packets only to intended recipient using MAC address
Sends data packets through the internet
Reduces network traffic
Which network topology needs a switch or hub?
Mesh
Partial Mesh
Star
Bus
Which network topology would you typically find in most homes?
Star
Bus
Mesh
WiFi
Which network topology cannot use WiFi technology?
Mesh
Star
Partial Mesh
Every topology can use WiFi
I don't have a server in my network. What type of network is this?
Mesh
Star
Client-Server
Peer-2-Peer (P2P)
What is a WAN?
Network which uses 3rd party connections.
Network which covers a large geographical area, typically over 1 mile.
Network which uses our own connections
Networks covering small geographical areas, normally under 1 mile.
Network which operates on a singe site.
What is a network?
A group of 1 or more devices which communicate
A group of 2 or more devices which communicate
When 2 or more computers are in the same building.
A group of 3 or more devices which communicate
What are the most common network usage models?
Peer-to-peer and Client-Server
LAN and WAN
Star and Mesh
WiFi & Bluetooth
"A central backing store is available to all computers" is a feature of which usage model?
Client server
Peer-to-peer
LAN
WAN
Hospitals, banks and supermarkets are all linked using which network type?
WAN
LAN
BUS
WiFi
If a network has WiFi, it means it has internet access
True
False
Choose all that are true about star networks
All devices have a connection to a central switch or server
They are the most fault tolerant type of network
If one connection fails, only that one device is affected
They can be expensive because of the large amount of cabling needed
Choose all that are true about WiFi
WiFi is a wireless protocol
WiFi is just a catchy name for the protocol IEEE 802.11
WiFi needs Ethernet cables to connect you to it
WiFi is just another name for Internet
Which are true about WiFi?
There are 2 main frequency bands for WiFi
WiFi frequencies are measured in gigaHertz
You can use any frequency for WiFi signals
You can only use WiFi with a smartphone
Draw a Star network with 3 computers and a printer.
Typical processor speed of 2016
16GHz
100MHz
4GHz
300GHz
If the processing speed goes up from 2GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 2 to 4 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
The maximum number of instructions executed per second doubles
The maximum number of instructions executed per second quadruples
The maximum number of instructions executed per second is halved
The maximum number of instructions executed per second is quartered
If the processing speed goes from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the processor is changed from an 8 core to a dual core processor – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
The number of instructions executed per second doubles
The number of instructions executed per second quadruples
The number of instructions executed per second is halved
The number of instructions executed per second stays the same
Firmware in which software and hardware are integrated on a circuit board is often used in what type of system?
Desktop System
Embedded System
Operating System
Point of Sales System
Which is an example of an Embedded System:
Laptops
Tablets
PCs
Washing Machine
Processor don’t do the following
Process Data
Execute Instructions
Execute Data
Operate in Hz
What acts as an intermediary between the processor and the Main Memory?
Bus
User
Cache
Clock
What is held in cache?
All of the programming instructions
Commonly used instructions and data
Instructions that have been processed
Data that hasn’t been used for a long time
Question 19 If the processing speed goes up from 2GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 to 2 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
Doubled
Quadrupled
Eight Times Faster
Sixteen Times Faster
If the processing speed goes up from 2GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 to 4 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
Doubled
Quadrupled
Eight Times Faster
Sixteen Times Faster
If the processing speed goes from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 - 2 what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer
Doubled
Quadrupled
Eight times faster
Sixteen times faster
Question 19 If the processing speed goes up from 1GHZ to 4GHZ and the number of cores goes from 1 to 8 – what is the exact effect on the performance of the computer?
Eight times faster
Sixteen times faster
Thirty two times faster
Sixty four times faster
This holds the instruction/data temporarily after it is brought to the processor from the main memory
Memory Address Register
Memory Data Register
Program Counter
Accumulator
This holds the number of the current instruction being worked on
Memory Address Register
Memory Data Register
Program Counter
Accumulator
This would perform an operation including the word 'and'
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
Control Unit
This would perform an operation such as 'memory read'
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
Control Unit
This would reduce the number of memory/processor transfers
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
Control Unit
This sends signals such as 'i/o read'
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
Control Unit
This sends signals such as 'memory write'
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Accumulator
Cache
Control Unit
What is held in ROM?
Data currently in use
Bootstrap loader
Instructions frequently used
Operating System
What is the property of an address bus?
Carries data and instructions
Uni-directional
Bi-directional
Carries control signals
Which component generates addressses
Processor
Main memory
Control unit
Secondary storage
What is transferred down the data bus?
Data only
Addresses only
Data and instructions
Data, instructions and addresses
This is not a type of secondary storage
Blu ray drive/disc
Flash memory
Hard disk drive
RAM
